Stephenie Meyer

Stephenie Meyer (/ˈmaɪ.ər/; née Morgan; born December 24, 1973) is an American novelist. She is best known for her vampire romance series Twilight, which has sold over 100 million copies, with translations into 37 different languages. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008 and 2009 in the U.S., having sold over 29 million books in 2008,[1] and 26.5 million in 2009.[2] Meyer received the 2009 Children's Book of the Year award from the British Book Awards for Breaking Dawn, the Twilight series finale.

Stephenie Meyer
Meyer at the 2012 Comic-Con in San Diego
BornStephenie Morgan
(1973-12-24) December 24, 1973
Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
OccupationNovelist, producer
NationalityAmerican
Alma materBrigham Young University (BA)
GenreVampire romance, young adult fiction, science fiction
Notable works
Spouse
Christiaan Meyer
​
(m. 1994)​
Children3
Signature
Website
stepheniemeyer.com

An avid young reader, she attended Brigham Young University, marrying at the age of twenty-one before graduating with a degree in English in 1997. Having no prior experience as an author, she conceived the idea for the Twilight series in a dream. Influenced by the work of Jane Austen and William Shakespeare, she wrote Twilight soon thereafter. After many rejections, Little, Brown and Company offered her a $750,000 three-book deal which led to a four-book series, several spin-off novels and novellas, and a series of commercially successful film adaptations. Aside from young adult novels, Meyer has ventured into adult novels with The Host (2008) and The Chemist (2016). Meyer has worked in film production and cofounded production company Fickle Fish Films. Meyer produced both parts of Breaking Dawn and two other novel adaptations.

Meyer's membership in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints shaped her novels: there are no drinking or smoking scenes, and the characters Edward and Bella in her Twilight series remain sexually abstinent until marriage. Themes consistent with her religion, including agency, mortality, temptation, and eternal life, are prominent in her work.[3] Meyer's work has been criticized for her overly-simplistic writing style, and feminists assert that the novel encourages traditional gender roles and that furthermore, Bella and Edward's romance has signs of an abusive relationship. Despite this criticism, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer's stories have also received praise and she has acquired a fan following.

Meyer was included on Time magazine's list of the "100 Most Influential People in 2008",[4] and was included in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities in 2009, with her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.[5]

Early and personal life

Stephenie Meyer was born on December 24, 1973, in Hartford, Connecticut, the second of six children to financial officer Stephen Morgan and Candy Morgan, a homemaker.[6][7] Meyer was raised in Phoenix, Arizona and attended Chaparral High School in Scottsdale, Arizona.[8][9] In 1992, Meyer won a National Merit Scholarship,[10] which helped fund her undergraduate studies at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, where she received a BA in English Literature in 1997.[11][12] Although she began and finished her degree at BYU, she took classes at Arizona State University in fall 1996 and spring 1997.[13] Meyer met her future husband, Christiaan[N 1] "Pancho", in Arizona when they were both children.[15][16] They married in 1994, when Meyer was 21.[7][17] Together they have three sons. Christiaan Meyer, formerly an auditor, retired to take care of the children.[15][9]

Before writing her first novel, Twilight, Meyer had considered going to law school because she felt she had no chance of becoming a writer; she later noted that the birth of her oldest son Gabe in 1997 changed her mind, saying, "Once I had Gabe, I just wanted to be his mom."[18][19] Before becoming an author, Meyer's only professional work was as a receptionist at a property company.[15]

The Twilight series

The Twilight novels
Main article: Twilight (novel series)

According to Meyer, the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003 about a human girl and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood.[20][21][22] Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became chapter 13 of the book.[23] She wrote from chapter 13 to the end of the novel and then backfilled the first 12 chapters, in secret, without an ideal audience in mind or the intention to publish the novel.[24] Meyer researched the Quileute Native Americans to include their legends and traditions in the novel,[25] though the Quileute tribe found her use of their legends offensive.[26] Meyer joined the American Night Writers Association (ANWA) for aspiring LDS female writers.[27] In three months she had transformed the dream into a complete novel.[28][29] Her sister's response to the book was enthusiastic and she persuaded Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.[15]

Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.[30][31] Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in a 2003 auction.[30] By November, Meyer had signed a $750,000 three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company.[32] Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.[30] Bimonthly books signings and events at the Changing Hands Bookstore in Tempe, Arizona early in her writing career helped cultivate her fanbase.[33] Twilight reached No. 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books within a month of its release,[34] and later rose to #1.[35] The novel was named the Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year and a New York Times Editor's Choice.[36] Despite its success, Twilight was one of the most challenged books of 2009 according to the American Library Association for being sexually explicit, being age-inappropriate, and for religious views; some schools and libraries were asked to remove the books from their shelves.[37]

Upon publishing Twilight, Meyer had already outlined a story for a sequel. However, her publisher insisted that she follow Twilight with two sequels following Bella and Edward in college.[38] Consequently, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008).[39] The original story she pitched for the sequel would later be published in Breaking Dawn.[38] Meanwhile, Meyer wrote a short story "Hell on Earth", about demons at prom night which was published in April 2007 in Prom Nights from Hell, a collection of stories about bad prom nights with supernatural effects.[39] Meyer's fans urged her to expand "Hell on Earth" into a full novel, but Meyer was occupied finishing Eclipse.[40]

In its first week after publication, New Moon reached No. 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the No. 1 position, where it remained for the next 11 weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[41] In May 2007, Meyer held two promotional prom events at an Arizona State University gymnasium to celebrate the special edition release of New Moon and the release of Eclipse. For the event, Meyer wore a blood-red evening gown and signed over 1,000 books.[42] Meyer's red dress was later auctioned for $5,500 at a fundraiser for a book seller's battle with breast cancer called Project Book Babe.[43]

After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.[28] The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.[44] Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day.[45] The novel won Meyer a British Book Award for Children's Book of the Year, despite competition from J. K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard.[46] In 2009, Meyer faced plagiarism accusations for Breaking Dawn. Author of The Nocturne, Jordan Scott, claimed the circumstances around Bella's supernatural pregnancy and subsequent transformation into a vampire were similar to the storyline of her novel and indicated that Meyer plagiarized the plot of The Nocturne. Meyer dismissed the accusation, claiming she had not heard of the writer nor the novel. Scott failed to produce a copy of the novel to support her accusation; The Nocturne is not available on Amazon and is listed as "temporarily sold out" on her website.[47]

The series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide[48][49] in 37 languages.[50][51][52] In 2008, the four Twilight books were in the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008, and the first author to have books in all four of the top-selling spots.[53] The Twilight novels held the top four spots on USA Today's year-end list again in 2009.[54] The success of the Twilight series has been attributed to the Internet which allowed Meyer to directly reach out to her fans, leading the series to be called "the first social networking bestseller."[55] According to scholar Lykke Guanio-Uluru, the Twilight series "popularized and helped redefine, the paranormal romance subgenre".[56]

Twilight saga films
Main article: The Twilight Saga (film series)

In 2004, Paramount's MTV Films and Maverick Films optioned Twilight before the book was published in order to maximize its potential profits. The written script deviated greatly from the novel.[57] However, the film was put into turnaround. In 2006, Erik Feig, president of Summit Entertainment, attempted to make a deal with Meyer by assuring her that the film would be true to the novel and that "no vampire character [would] be depicted with canine or incisor teeth longer or more pronounced than may be found in human beings."[58] In 2007, the rights were sold to Summit Entertainment.[57] Catherine Hardwicke was chosen to direct the film and Melissa Rosenberg wrote the new script.[59] Kristen Stewart was cast first as Bella Swan and Robert Pattinson was cast as Edward Cullen after an audition with Stewart and Pattinson revealed they had good chemistry.[60] Taylor Lautner plays the role of Jacob Black.[61] Released on November 21, 2008,[62] the film received favorable reviews; Roger Ebert called the film, "lush and beautiful" and Peter Bradshaw said it was, "wildly enjoyable".[63] The film was a box-office success and became the fourth-highest grossing November opening weekend release up to that time.[64] Meyer makes a brief cameo appearance in a diner scene.[65] The same year Meyer began her work in film with Jack's Mannequin music video "The Resolution" which she co-directed with Noble Jones.[66][67]

Following the success of Twilight, Summit greenlit a film adaptation of the sequel, The Twilight Saga: New Moon.[68] Each novel adaptation was headed by a different director, chosen by Summit in order to provide each film a different atmosphere already existent in the novels.[69] Chris Weitz directed New Moon,[70] which was released on November 20, 2009.[71] On opening night, New Moon broke the record for the highest single-day domestic gross on opening day which had previously been set by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.[72][73] Despite its commercial success, the film received poor reviews; Roger Ebert criticized the slow pace of the film and Tim Robey of The Telegraph similarly said, "the movie gives us all the requiste looks of tortured longing, and not a lot else".[74][75] Directed by David Slade, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, an adaptation of the third book in the series, was released on June 30, 2010. An article from The Guardian reported that it was the best film of the series according to critical consensus for being more "cinematic" and striking a better balance between romance and the supernatural.[76] However, an article from The Telegraph, rebutted The Guardian's claim, arguing that Twilight remined the best film in the series due to the "entirely straight-faced contrast between the forces of eternal darkness and the rigors of high school".[77] Having already obtained the rights to Breaking Dawn,[78] Summit approved a two-part adaptation.[79]

In 2011, Meyer started her own production company, Fickle Fish Films, with producer Meghan Hibbett. Meyer spent much of 2011 producing both parts of Breaking Dawn[80] as well as the film adaptation of Shannon Hale's novel Austenland.[81] The Breaking Dawn-Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011, and the second part on November 16, 2012.[82][83] Part one of the film received mixed reviews.[84][85] Part two of the film received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending, "sensational". Critics also praised the acting, particularly that of Stewart.[86]

The Twilight Saga was successful in the box office. With a combined budget of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide.[87] Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized. Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy).[88] The series spawned two parody films: Vampires Suck and Breaking Wind which were critical failures.[89][90][91]

In 2009, Stephenie Meyer was included in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities, entering at No. 26. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.[5] The same year, Meyer was ranked No. 5 on Forbes' list of "Hollywood's Top-Earning Women", the only author on the list, and it was noted that the "Twilight series of young-adult vampire books have taken the publishing and film worlds by storm."[92] In 2010, Forbes ranked her as the No. 59 most powerful celebrity with annual earnings of $40 million.[93]

Meyer in 2009

Subsequent Twilight publications

In August 2009, USA Today revealed that Meyer broke J. K. Rowling's record on their bestseller list; the four Twilight books had spent 52 straight weeks in the top 10.[94] In all, the books have spent more than 235 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.[95] Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.[96] In 2015, she published a new book in honor of the 10th anniversary of the best-selling franchise, titled Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with the genders of the original protagonists switched.[97]

On March 30, 2010, it was announced that Meyer had written a 200-page novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. The book was released on June 5, 2010, by Atom and was available for free between June 7 and July 5 on the official website.[98] Following the release of The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, Stephenie Meyer donated $1.5 million to the American Red Cross Relief Fund to aid victims of the earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. Those who took advantage of the free ebook were also encouraged to make donations to the Red Cross.[99][100][101]

Midnight Sun was to be a companion novel to the series, intending to be a retelling of the events of the novel Twilight, but from the perspective of Edward Cullen.[102] Meyer had hoped to have Midnight Sun published shortly after the release of Breaking Dawn, but after an online leak of a rough draft of its first 12 chapters, Meyer chose to delay the project indefinitely.[9] Upset by the release of a draft she called "messy and flawed", Meyer decided to pursue books unrelated to Twilight as a result of the leak.[102][103] She made the unedited and unfinished manuscript of a lengthy character development exercise of Midnight Sun available on her website.[102]

The release of Midnight Sun was tentatively re-planned after re-visiting the Twilight series with Life and Death, a gender-swapped retelling of the novel in 2015. However, the release of Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian in 2015 halted and soured Meyer's plans to release the Midnight Sun because Grey was also told from the male perspective. Meyer stated in a New York Comic-con panel that it was "a literal flip the table moment", admitting that "Midnight Sun is kind of cursed".[104][103] This led to the novel being on indefinite hold.[104][103] According to an article from The Guardian in 2018, Midnight Sun was "no longer in the pipeline".[89] However, in May 2020, it was announced that Midnight Sun would be released on August 4, 2020.[105] Following its release, it sold over one million copies,[106] was number two on Amazon's "most sold" list,[107] and was number one on USA Today's bestseller list one week after its release date.[108]

Meyer mentions having several other book ideas on file, including a ghost story titled Summer House, a novel involving time travel,[109] as well as another about mermaids.[110]

Adult fiction publications

The Host

In May 2008, Meyer's adult sci-fi novel The Host, was released by the adult division of Little, Brown and Company. It follows the story of Melanie Stryder and Wanderer, a young woman and an invading alien "soul", who are forced to work as one.[111][112] The Host debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list[113] and remained on the list for 26 weeks.[114] Despite having expressed intention to write a trilogy, with the second and third books being called The Soul and The Seeker, respectively,[115] Meyer has not published any follow-up novels to The Host as of 2019.[116]

In April 2009, Meyer took part in Project Book Babe, a benefit designed to help pay her friend Faith Hochhalter's medical bills after Hochhalter was diagnosed with breast cancer. Meyer donated many advance reader copies and original manuscripts for auction.[117]

The Host was adapted into a film with Andrew Niccol directing and Saoirse Ronan starring as Melanie Stryder, Max Irons as Jared Howe and Jake Abel as Ian O'Shea.[118][119] The film was released on March 29, 2013, to generally negative reviews.[120][121] It received poor critical reviews and was a box office flop compared to the Twilight series films.[122][123][124]

The Chemist and television productions

In late 2015, it was announced that Meyer was producing a TV series based on Daniel O'Malley's book, The Rook.[125][126] Despite having purchased the rights for the novel with her production company, she left the project shortly after filming due to creative differences.[127]

In July 2016, Little, Brown and Company announced that Meyer has written an adult action thriller titled The Chemist, about "an ex-agent on the run from her former employers". The book was released on November 8, 2016.[128] In 2018, it was announced that Meyer's production company Fickle Fish would be working with Tomorrow Studios to produce a television series based on The Chemist.[129]

Reception
Meyer on her book tour for Eclipse in 2007

The reception of Meyer and her novels has been mixed.[89][130] Entertainment Weekly has stated that Meyer is "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice",[131] while The Guardian described her as an "imaginative storyteller, a prolific author and a newly powerful figure in the publishing market."[132] Wayne Janes of the Toronto Sun agreed, saying "Meyer's success points up another trend—the virtual domination of the best-seller lists the last few years by what would normally be classified as young adult fiction," and noted, "In the absence of a new Harry Potter adventure, teens, fantasy enthusiasts and women (sales are mostly to females) who swoon at the idea of a virginal James Dean-ish vampire made Meyer the go-to gal for chaste love."[133] Tymon Smith of The Times has described her as the "superstar of young adult fiction".[134]

Meyer was named one of MSN Lifestyle's "Most Influential Women of 2008" where she was described as a "literary luminary".[135] She was also ranked No. 49 on Time magazine's list of the "100 Most Influential People in 2008",[4] and was included in their list of "People Who Mattered", with author Lev Grossman noting, "Maybe Americans aren't ready for a Mormon presidential nominee yet. But they're more than ready to anoint a Mormon as the best-selling novelist of the year."[136]

She was ranked No. 82 on Vanity Fair's list of the "Top 100 Information Age Powers" of 2009.[137] Meyer was featured in an issue of the biographical comic Female Force, a Bluewater Productions title which celebrates influential women in society and pop culture.[138] Meyer was the second bestselling author of the decade, according to a list published by Amazon, beaten by J. K. Rowling.[139]

Despite Meyer's success, her novels have been highly criticized. The New York Times called the premise of Twilight "attractive and compelling"; however, the review continues, "the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing", indicating that Meyer's relied too much on "telling" rather than "showing" and that there were excessive references to Edward's attractiveness and Bella's swooning.[140] An article from The Guardian criticized Bella's character, calling her "a clumsy, selfish nincompoop with the charisma of a boiled potato" and criticized Edward's portrayal as the "perfect little gentleman" who constantly counters Bella's sexual advances.[141] NPR criticized the novel for being a repetitive "jackhammer" masked behind ornate language. Furthermore, they found the story uninteresting and the main character unlikeable.[142] Entertainment Weekly stated that the narrative of Breaking Dawn was at times so chaotic and outrageous that Meyer shifted the point of view to Jacob Black which only toned down the mayhem of the plot for so long.[143]

Novelist Orson Scott Card said, "[Stephenie Meyer] writes with luminous clarity, never standing between the reader and the dream they share. She's the real thing".[144] In an interview with Newsweek, author Jodi Picoult said, "Stephenie Meyer has gotten people hooked on books, and that's good for all of us."[145] Comparing Meyer to J. K. Rowling, Stephen King stated: "The real difference is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good".[146] King went on to say that the appeal of her books were because, "[she's] opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books."[146] American religious history scholar Jana Riess had mixed reactions to Meyer's novels. She found the Mormon theology which influences her imaginative works at times beautiful and complex. However, she qualifies Meyer as a gifted storyteller, not a gifted writer, noting numerous technical flaws in her novels. Furthermore, Riess criticized the "retrogressive gender stereotypes" in Meyer's novels.[147]

The Quileute do have a tradition that their ancestors transformed from wolves to people, but most of the descriptions of the Quileute in the novel are inaccurate.[148] The Quileute tribe described her use of their traditions in the books and films and subsequent merchandising as cultural theft.[26]

Fan following

Meyer has gained a following among young adult readers of her Twilight novels, which are set in the small town of Forks on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. Forks has thus received attention from fans, and celebrates "Stephenie Meyer Day" on September 13, the date of character Bella Swan's birthday.[149] Meyer's fans cosplay her book characters, write fan fiction related to the stories, and attend book signings. Extreme fans are known as "Twihards".[89][150]

Inspired by Meyer's Twilight series, evolved a genre of geek rock called "Twi-rock", similar in purpose to wizard rock inspired by J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. Examples of these Twilight-themed bands include the Bella Cullen Project, Twilight Music Girls, Be Safe Bella, Bella Rocks, and the Mitch Hansen Band. The Mitch Hansen Band wrote the song "By You" in hopes that it would be included on the New Moon film soundtrack.[151][152] An unofficial Twilight themed fan convention called TwiCon was organized in Dallas, Texas in summer 2009 which included "Twi-rock" band performances, a Volturi Ball, panels, workshops, and vendors.[153]

Originally an online novelized "fan-fiction" of the Twilight series, the novel Fifty Shades of Grey by E. L. James loosely explores the relationship between the main characters, had they not remained celibate before marriage. Though the publisher claims the novel is "original and no longer based on Twilight," James did not receive copyright authorization to write the novel and some have argued that Fifty Shades of Grey may be a copyright infringement. Though Meyer has stated that the novel is "too smutty" and does not interest her, she has not filed a copyright claim.[154]

Style and influences

Style

Meyer alters her style or voice depending on her purpose. For example, in her short story "Hell on Earth", her writing depends less on ornate descriptions found in the Twilight series, relying more on the dialogue alone.[155] Meyer also relies on detailed descriptions in her novels, particularly the Twilight series, where she describes in great detail, Bella's sensory experiences.[156][157] Meyer avoids the use of passive voice and often opens her sentences with the most important information, captivating the audiences.[158] A stylistic focus of her novels is character development as she allows the actions and interests of her characters to define them.[159] In New Moon, as Bella is largely on her own, Meyer uses chapter titles to, "offer the reader a deeper insight into Bella's psyche".[160] After the release of Twilight, Meyer was criticized for writing with "all plot and no style", for including "very little characterization", and for her "fairly [poor writing]."[161]

Meyer develops complex characters and relationships throughout her novels which she describes through action, dialogue, and facial expressions. Meyer often portrays the inner feelings and motivations of characters through facial expressions rather than explicitly telling it.[157] In Twilight, Meyer makes allusions to canonical texts such as the Book of Genesis, Wuthering Heights, Macbeth, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Songs of Innocence and of Experience.[157] Meyer writes her novels while listening to various genres of music which she uses to develop the individual style of her novels.[162] A corpus stylistics analysis of the Twilight saga revealed that much of Meyer's description and characterization revolved around the physical attributes of the characters as shown through eyes, face, and expression. Some of Meyer's most frequent descriptions related to eye color and expression, the juxtaposition of warmth and cold, and the development of a gloomy or gothic atmosphere with the words "black" and "dark". The study authors concluded that the predictability and superficiality of Meyer's descriptions indicate that Meyer's writing style is unexceptional and the success of her novels was related more to clever marketing.[163]

William Shakespeare's plays influenced two of the Twilight novels.

Influences

Stephenie Meyer has named Mormonism as her greatest influence.[164] However, according to actor Robert Pattinson, Meyer did not intend to include Mormon references in the novels and films. Yet professor of film and religion Angela Aleiss noted numerous clear influence of Mormonism in the Twilight series.[165] Meyer has said, "Unconsciously, I put a lot of my basic beliefs into the story. Free agency is a big theme."[166] Meyer cited BYU professor Steven Walker as having influenced her work. She explained that he revealed a new way for her to see and study literature which impacts her writing.[167]

Meyer cites many novels as inspiration for the Twilight series, including Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables and its sequels.[168] Each book in the series was also inspired specifically by a different literary classic: Twilight by Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice; New Moon by William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet; Eclipse by Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights; and Breaking Dawn's theme by Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream.[169] Although Meyer claims to have based Twilight on Pride and Prejudice, film studies scholar Anne Morey claims that the novel bears resemblance to Jane Eyre.[170] The choice to name Edward came from the works of Charlotte Brontë and Jane Austen and her novels are influenced by both medieval courtly love and 19th century etiquette.[171] Although Meyer has claimed that she did not read vampire literature and thus could not be influenced by it, scholars Anne Klaus and Stefanie Krüger argue that Meyer's characters bear similarities to "traditional vampire figures" and that Edward resembles both gothic villains and Byronic heroes.[171] Meyer has indicated that despite the supernatural and vampire themes in her novels, she was influenced far more by Austen and Shakespeare than by Anne Rice or Stephen King.[172] Meyer has described Austen, Shakespeare, and Orson Scott Card as her favorite authors.[173][174][167]

Meyer cites music as a prominent influence of her writing, and she posts playlists on her website of songs which specifically inspired her books. Bands included most often in her playlists are Muse, Blue October, My Chemical Romance, Coldplay and Linkin Park.[175][176][177][178] Meyer cites Muse as a particular inspiration because she uses the different emotions portrayed in their songs as influences for various genres of scenes.[179]

Recurring themes

Agency

According to professor of American religious history Jana Riess, a prominent theme in Meyer's novels is agency. In The Host, the Seeker believes that she is saving the human race by perfecting and controlling, similar to the Latter-day Saint belief that Satan's plan for human salvation was to "save" all souls by removing their agency and ability to sin. Seeker plays a Satan-like role in the novel, as Meyer attempts to convey the message that the maintenance of agency is crucial.[180] Additionally, Meyer's novels contain the themes of opposition. In The Host, Wanda learns that despite the lows and evils of humanity, beauty and pleasure could not be found on her previous planets because darkness did not exist. Wanda learns in the novel that it is only in facing darkness and sorrow, that light and joy could be experienced, echoing a quotation from the Book of Mormon, "It musts needs be that there is an opposition in all things".[181] However, "imprinting" in her Twilight series, the involuntary formation of a mate relationship, undermines Meyer's prolific theme of free agency.[182] According to literature and women's studies scholar Natalie Wilson, the juxtaposition between Bella's agency to choose her mate and Jacob, a Native American male's, inability to choose has racial and cultural implications.[183]

Mortality and temptation

Another theme is overcoming the circumstances and temptations of mortality referred to in the Book of Mormon as overcoming the "natural man" which is exemplified by Meyer's character Edward.[184] As a vampire, Edward's purpose is to be carnal, killing and feeding on human blood. As led by Carlisle, Edward chooses to give up this life and transcend his circumstances by becoming a "vegetarian", choosing to feed only on animals. He chooses to uphold these values despite the daily temptation which only augments when he meets Bella; he finds her blood nearly irresistible.[185] Edward undergoes a transformation in which Bella's trust in Edward allows him to trust his own ability to overcome temptation and keep Bella safe.[185] Self-control is a prominent theme in the Twilight series, the word appears 125 times throughout the novels, as the main characters struggle to control their emotions, attraction, thirst, or jealousy.[186]

Immortality and eternal life

Apparent in Meyer's Twilight series is the theme of the distinction between immortality and eternal life. In Meyer's novels, vampires are immortal and have superhuman gifts and abilities; however, the Cullen family longs for things they cannot have. Their circumstances prevent them from forming meaningful relationships with humans or other vampires, isolating them within their small clan. Furthermore, the couples in the Cullen family are unable to procreate which causes severe bitterness in Rosalie who envies Bella's ability to be pregnant.[187] According to Riess, the distinction between eternal life and immortality is represented by Bella, who in Breaking Dawn, has achieved eternal life rather than immortality because she achieved the Mormon tenets of eternal life: immortality and a perfected body, eternal parenthood, and an eternal marriage.[187] Riess indicates that Bella receives immortality in an act of self-sacrifice rather than self-service as she dies for the birth of her child. Bella is subsequently resurrected in a perfected vampire body. In Mormonism, resurrection occurs in the context of relationships, exemplified by Bella who enjoys her resurrected body in the company of her husband, child, and the rest of the Cullen family.[188] The titles of the novels serve to reinforce this idea. At the beginning of the series, Bella discusses leaving Phoenix and heading to Forks where she says, "[goodbye] to the sun".[189] The titles of the first three novels: Twilight, New Moon, and Eclipse, serve as natural phenomenon in which the sun is darkened. However, the final novel is titled Breaking Dawn, which symbolizes the beginning of a new day and Bella's transformation into a vampire and subsequent transcendence of her old life.[189]

Views

Religion
The Book of Mormon influenced Meyer more than any other book.

Meyer is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and does not drink alcohol, drink coffee, smoke, or watch R-rated movies.[18][28] Similarly, there is no drinking and smoking in the novels. Despite pressure to include a major sex scene, Meyer was adamant against including graphic sex in her series.[28] According to Lev Grossman of Time, some of the series' appeal is due to its lack of sex and its eroticizing of abstinence.[28] As a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Meyer acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."[190] Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be influenced by her religion, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."[191]

Growing up, Meyer's life and family revolved around The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They were involved in their community and a young Meyer met her future husband at church. She studiously read the Book of Mormon, citing the book as having "the most significant impact on [her] life."[192][193] However, Meyer dislikes when media constantly mentions her religion, claiming that the press does not emphasize the religions of other authors.[194]

Meyer is cited as having helped bring The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints more into the mainstream by books The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith by Matthew Bowman and LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Newswander.[195]

Feminism

According to an article from The Guardian, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer has stated that, "the world is a better place when women are in charge." Additionally, she supported the massive success of Catherine Hardwicke, the director of Twilight and appreciated working with a nearly all-female production for Austenland.[196] Meyer has explained that her definition of feminism is the ability for a woman to choose and the definition of anti-feminism is removing the choice, whether it fits gender stereotypes or not, from the woman entirely. She continued that some modern feminists contradict their message of equality for women by limiting or shaming certain women's choices. Furthermore, she stated that women who choose to stay home or have children are particularly criticized and that limitations on what women can do are anti-feminist in nature.[197][198] Women's studies scholar Donna Ashcraft argues that Meyer is not a feminist, by definition, because her novels encourage traditional gender roles. However, although Ashcraft qualifies Meyer as traditional or nonfeminist, she clarifies that Meyer is not antifeminist.[199]

However, Meyer has been criticized by feminists who consider Meyer an antifeminist writer. They say that the series romanticizes a physically abusive relationship, pointing to red flags that include Bella's entire life revolving around Edward; never being in control of her own life; being absolutely dependent on Edward's ability to protect her life, her virginity, and her humanity; and the physical injuries Bella suffers from finally consummating her relationship with Edward.[200][201][202] Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, saying both that the books center around Bella's choice, and that her damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.[203]

Noah Berlatsky of The Atlantic, in contrast, found Meyer's characters to be heroic. He continued that Meyer is a different kind of feminist that values motherhood, romance, and relationships and consequently, her characters lack the autonomy that comes from avoiding investment in relationships.[204] After being asked in an interview with The Guardian whether she is anti-abortion, Meyer refused to directly answer the question, insisting that she does not like to talk about politics and that she abhors when celebrities use their popularity to influence voters. Berlatsky argues that her refusal to answer the question was not to avoid revealing her political position, but rather out of "respect for women's lives and women's choices".[204]

Awards
Year Category Institution or publication ResultNotesRef.
2006 Best Fiction for Young Adults Young Adult Library Services Association Won For Twilight [205]
2008 Author of the Year USA Today Won [206]
2009 Children's Book of the Year British Book Awards Won For Breaking Dawn [207]

Bibliography
Year Title
2005 Twilight
2006 New Moon
Hero at the Grocery Store
2007 Eclipse
"Hell on Earth", published in Prom Nights from Hell
2008 The Host
Breaking Dawn
2010 The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner
2011 The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide
2015 Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined
2016 The Chemist
2020 Midnight Sun

Filmography
Year Title Credited as Notes Ref.
Actress Producer Director
2008 Twilight Yes Diner customer (uncredited) [208]
2008 The Resolution Yes Music video for The Resolution by Jack's Mannequin, co-director with Noble Jones [209]
2011 Breaking Dawn – Part 1 Yes Yes Part one of film based on her novel Breaking Dawn, wedding guest (uncredited) [208][210]
2012 Breaking Dawn – Part 2 Yes Part two of film based on her novel Breaking Dawn [210]
2013 The Host Yes Film based on her novel The Host [211]
Austenland Yes Film based on novel of the same name by Shannon Hale [212]
2018 Down a Dark Hall Yes Film based on novel of the same name by Lois Duncan [213]

References

Notes
  1. Spelled Christian in some sources.[14]

Citations
  1. "The World's Most Powerful Celebrities: #26 Stephenie Meyer". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 19, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  2. Diane Roback (March 22, 2010). "Children's Bestsellers 2009: The Reign Continues". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
  3. Fetters, Ashley (November 15, 2012). "At Its Core, the 'Twilight' Saga Is a Story About ________". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  4. "The 2008 Time 100 Finalists". April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 3, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  5. Gil Kaufman (June 4, 2009). "Angelina Jolie, Oprah, Madonna Top Forbes Celebrity 100". MTV. Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
  6. Shapiro 2009, pp. 20–21
  7. Cochrane, Kira (March 11, 2013). "Stephenie Meyer on Twilight, feminism and true love". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  8. "Stephenie Meyer - profile". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Limited. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  9. Laing, Olivia (November 14, 2009). "Stephenie Meyer - a squeaky-clean vampire queen". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  10. "Scholars You May Know". National Merit Scholarship Corporation. National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Archived from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  11. Walker, Michael R. (Winter 2007). "A Teenage Tale with Bite". BYU Magazine. Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  12. McRae, Madalyn (November 29, 2017). "4 BYU alumni who became bestselling authors". The Daily Universe. Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  13. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 17.
  14. "So much more than you ever wanted to know about Stephenie Meyer". Stephenie Meyer. Archived from the original on September 24, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  15. Damian Whitworth (May 13, 2008). "Harry who? Meet the new J.K. Rowling". The Times Online. London: The Times. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  16. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 5
  17. Scherer 2012, p. 19
  18. Tony-Allen Mills (August 10, 2008). "News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer". The Times. London. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  19. Krohn 2010, pp. 24–25
  20. ""Twilight" author: It started with a dream". CNN. Cable News Network. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  21. Grossman, Lev (November 23, 2009). "It's Twilight in America: The Vampire Saga". Time. Time, Inc. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  22. Cobiella, Kelly (August 3, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer's Latest Vampire Tale". CBS News. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  23. Walker, Michael R. (Winter 2007). "A Teenage Tale With Bite". Brigham Young University Magazine. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
  24. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 7; Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 6; Krohn 2010, p. 35
  25. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 7.
  26. "Misconceptions: Cultural Theft". www.burkemuseum.org. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  27. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 8.
  28. Lev Grossman (April 24, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?". Time. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
  29. "BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer". BookStories. Changing Hands Bookstore. August 2006. Archived from the original on September 2, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  30. "Stephenie Meyer By the Numbers". Publishers Weekly. December 5, 2008. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  31. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 9
  32. Karen Valby. "Stephenie Meyer: Inside the 'Twilight' Saga". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 2, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  33. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, pp. 109-115.
  34. "Her Literary Career – Stephenie Meyer". Time. Archived from the original on August 12, 2010. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  35. "Children's Books – New York Times". The New York Times. June 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 23, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  36. Larry Carroll (May 9, 2008). "Official 'Twilight' Synopsis Sadly Lacking In 'OME!' Exclamations". MTV. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  37. Serjeant, Jill (April 14, 2010). ""Twilight" among "most challenged" books of 2009". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  38. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 5.
  39. Shapiro 2009, p. 96.
  40. Shapiro 2009, pp. 96–97.
  41. Children's Books: Best Sellers from The New York Times, August 2007
  42. Irwin, Megan (July 12, 2007). "Charmed". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  43. Standlee, PJ (April 7, 2009). "Stephenie Meyer, J.S. Lewis and More Young Adult Authors Fight Cancer with Project Book Babe". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  44. Jacks, Brian (August 4, 2008). "'Breaking Dawn' Sells 1.3 Million Copies in One Day". MTV.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  45. Memmott, Carol (August 4, 2008). "Record-breaking sales for 'Breaking Dawn'". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 8, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  46. "Obama biography captures U.K. book prize". CBC. CBC/Radio Canada. April 4, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  47. Flood, Alison (August 5, 2009). "Stephenie Meyer faces plagiarism claim". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  48. John A. Sellers (March 30, 2010). "New Stephenie Meyer Novella Arriving in June". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
  49. Lev Grossman (November 13, 2009). "It's Twilight in America". Time. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  50. Kenneth Turan (November 21, 2002). "Movie Review: 'Twilight'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
  51. Claudia Parsons (November 21, 2008). ""Twilight" publisher sees film boosting book sales". Reuters. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  52. Anita Singh (August 22, 2008). "Harry Potter under threat from Bella Swan in new vampire film Twilight". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  53. Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros (January 15, 2009). "Sellers basked in Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' in 2008". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
  54. Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros (January 14, 2010). "Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' series sweeps top four spots". USA Today. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  55. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 162.
  56. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 232.
  57. Larsson & Steiner 2011, pp. 19, 26.
  58. Sperling, Nicole (July 16, 2008). "'Twilight' hits Hollywood". Entertainment Weekly. Meredith Corporation. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  59. Fleming, Michael Hardwicke to direct Meyer's 'Twilight' Archived June 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Variety (October 2, 2007)
  60. Fernandez, Alexia (October 16, 2018). ""Twilight" Director Recalls "Electricity" When Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson First Met". People. Meredith Corporation. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  61. "Twilight Series | Twilight | Twilight the Movie". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  62. Weiss, Sabrina Rojas (August 15, 2008). "Did 'Harry Potter' Release Date Change To Avoid 'Twilight' Competition?". MTV. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  63. Bradshaw, Peter (December 18, 2008). "Twilight". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  64. Verrier, Richard (November 24, 2008). "'Twilight' leaves mark on opening weekend". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  65. Larry Carroll (April 4, 2008). "Exclusive: 'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Shoots Movie Cameo". MTV. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  66. James Montgomery (August 28, 2008). "'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer To Direct Vampire-Free Jack's Mannequin Video". MTV. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
  67. Jennifer Vineyard (September 5, 2008). "'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Tries To Drown Jack's Mannequin In 'Resolution' Video". MTV. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
  68. Carroll, Larry (November 22, 2008). "'Twilight' Sequel Confirmed: 'New Moon' To Hit The Big Screen". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  69. Morey 2012, p. 213.
  70. Carroll, Larry (December 13, 2008). "BREAKING: Chris Weitz Named 'New Moon' Director, While Taylor Lautner Comes Up Short". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  71. Sperling, Nicole (December 10, 2008). "'Twilight' sequel: New details on 'New Moon'". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  72. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 162
  73. Anthony D'Alessandro (November 21, 2009). "'New Moon' takes opening day record". Variety. Reed Elsevier Inc. Archived from the original on November 25, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  74. Ebert, Roger (November 18, 2009). "The Twilight Saga: New Moon". Roger Ebert. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  75. Robey, Tim (November 19, 2009). "The Twilight Saga: New Moon, review". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  76. Shoard, Catherine (June 28, 2010). "Critics back in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  77. Shone, Tom (July 1, 2010). "Twilight Saga: Eclipse, review". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  78. Steven Zeitchik (November 14, 2008). "'Twilight' film franchise looks ahead". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  79. "'Twilight: Breaking Dawn', will be released as two films". The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. June 12, 2010. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  80. "Breaking Dawn' author Stephenie Meyer discusses her new role as movie producer". csmonitor.com. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on September 7, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  81. McNary, Dave (August 13, 2013). "Q&A Stephenie Meyer: 'Twilight' Author Trades Undead for Well-Bred in 'Austenland'". Variety. Archived from the original on September 7, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  82. Dargis, Manohla (November 17, 2011). "Edward, You May Now Bite the Bride". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  83. Ryzik, Melena (November 16, 2012). "A Farewell to Fangs, Fur and Fandom". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  84. Dargis, Manohla (November 17, 2011). "Edward, You May Now Bite the Bride". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  85. Bradshaw, Peter (November 15, 2011). "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn-Part 1-review". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  86. Exley, Jennifer (November 15, 2012). "'The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn-Part 2": What the Critics Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  87. Mendelson, Scott (November 21, 2018). "'Twilight' Taught Hollywood Lessons That It Has Only Started To Learn". Forbes. Forbes Media LLC. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  88. Couch, Aaron (February 23, 2013). "'Twilight' Wins 7 Razzie Awards Including Worst Picture". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  89. Beasley, Tom (November 6, 2018). "Twilight forever: how superfans kept the vampire critics at bay". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  90. Chaney, Jen (August 18, 2010). ""Vampires Suck": This "Twilight" spoof does, too". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  91. Edwards, David (March 20, 2012). "Breaking Wind review: A Twilight spoof even unfunnier than Vampires Suck". Mirror. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  92. Dorothy Pomerantz (August 5, 2009). "Hollywood's Top-Earning Women". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  93. "#59 Stephenie Meyer - Forbes.com". Forbes. 2010. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  94. Carol Memmott and Mary Cadden (August 5, 2009). "Twilight series eclipses Potter records on Best-Selling list". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 19, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  95. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 6.
  96. "Twilight Series | Breaking Dawn". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2008. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  97. Maane Khatchatourian. "'Twilight' Gets Gender-Swapped Novel – Variety". Variety. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  98. Flood, Alison (March 30, 2010). "Stephenie Meyer to publish new Twilight novella". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
  99. Rosenthal, Dave (March 20, 2010). "New Stephenie Meyer novella-online for free". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  100. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 12
  101. Kellogg, Carolyn (March 31, 2010). "Stephenie Meyer's new vampire book will benefit the Red Cross". Los Angeles Times. LA Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  102. "Twilight Series | Midnight Sun". Stepheniemeyer.com. August 28, 2008. Archived from the original on September 10, 2010. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  103. Renfro, Kim (October 2, 2015). ""Fifty Shades of Grey" is the reason fans will never get the "Twilight" spinoff they've been waiting years for". Business Insider. Insider, Inc. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  104. Lewis, Megan (October 9, 2015). "Stephenie Meyer has no plans to release "Midnight Sun" after "Grey"". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  105. Flood, Alison (May 4, 2020). "Stephenie Meyer announces new Twilight book Midnight Sun". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  106. Cain, Sian. "As Midnight Sun hits No 1, Stephenie Meyer plans two more Twilight books". www.msn.com.
  107. El-Mamoud, Sarah (August 20, 2020). "Apparently We Can Thank Stephenie Meyer's Own Mother For Midnight Sun's Existence". Cinemablend. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  108. Cadden, Mary (August 12, 2020). "Stephenie Meyer says more books coming in 'Twilight' saga as 'Midnight Sun' sells 1M copies". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  109. "Stephenie Meyer's vampire empire Stephenie Meyer | Cover Story | Books | Entertainment Weekly | 4". Ew.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  110. "Twilight series offers young people a twist on vampire fiction – CBC Arts Books". Cbc.ca. September 24, 2007. Archived from the original on March 31, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  111. Schillaci, Sophie (March 28, 2013). "From 'Twilight' to 'The Host': A Stephenie Meyer Timeline". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  112. Nance, Kevin (March 23, 2013). "Stephenie Meyer talks about 'The Host'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  113. "Books – Best-Seller Lists". The New York Times. May 25, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  114. "The 25 Entertainers of the Year". Entertainment Weekly. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  115. Carroll, Larry (April 9, 2008). "'Twilight' Writer Stephenie Meyer Wants Matt Damon For 'Host' Movie – Movie News Story MTV Movie News". Mtv.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  116. Alter, Alexandra (November 9, 2016). "Sorry, "Twilight" Fans, Stephenie Meyer's Latest Is a Twister Spy Thriller". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  117. PJ Standlee (April 7, 2009). "Stephenie Meyer, J.S. Lewis and More Young Adult Authors Fight Cancer With Project Book Babe". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  118. McNary, Dave (May 12, 2011). "Meyer's 'Host' finds a helmer". Variety. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  119. Staskiewicz, Keith (May 3, 2011). "Saoirse Ronan cast in film of Stephenie Meyer's 'The Host'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  120. "'The Host' Lands Release Date: Here's What We Know About Stephenie Meyer Adaptation". MTV.com. June 27, 2011. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  121. Lee, Stephan (April 1, 2013). "Box office report: 'G.I. Joe' wins Easter Weekend with a muscular $41.2M". CNN. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  122. McCarthy, Todd (March 28, 2013). "The Host: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  123. Dargis, Manohla (March 28, 2013). "Fighting the Peacenik Alien Within Her - Saoirse Ronan in 'The Host,' From a Stephenie Meyer Novel". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  124. Dean, Michelle (July 19, 2016). "Twilight author Stephenie Meyer to publish new thriller for adults". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  125. "Stephenie Meyer to produce The Rook TV series – The Bookseller". Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  126. Robinson, Joanna (July 28, 2017). "New Details on The Rook TV Series from Twilight's Stephenie Meyer". Vanity Fair. Conde Nast. Archived from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  127. Andreeva, Nellie (June 1, 2018). ""The Rook": Lisa Zwerling & Karyn Usher Join As Showrunners, EP Stephenie Meyer Exits Starz Spy Series". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  128. France, Lisa Respers. "'Twilight' author publishing thriller". CNN. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  129. Andreeva, Nellie (January 29, 2018). ""Twilight" Author Stephenie Meyer's "The Chemist" to Be Adapted As TV Series By Tomorrow Studios". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  130. Jancovich, Mark (2014). "Cue the Shrieking Virgins' : The Critical Reception of the Twilight Saga". In Clayton, Wickham; Harman, Sarah (eds.). Screening Twlight. International Library of the Moving Image. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781780766669. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  131. Gregory Kirschling (August 2, 2007). "Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
  132. "All fangs, no bite". The Guardian. London. August 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
  133. Wayne Janes (December 28, 2008). "The might of bite". Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  134. Tymon Smith (August 7, 2009). "Stephanie [sic] Meyer vs Jordan Scott". The Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  135. "MSN Lifestyle's Most Influential Women of 2008". MSN. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  136. Lev Grossman (December 17, 2008). "People Who Mattered: Stephenie Meyer". Time. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  137. "The New Establishment 2009". Vanity Fair. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  138. Mandi Bierly (August 4, 2009). "'Twilight' author Stephenie Meyer featured in 'Female Force' comic". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  139. Liew, Jonathan (December 16, 2009). "Amazon: top 10 best-selling books of the decade". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  140. Spires, Elizabeth (February 12, 2006). "'Enthusiasm' by Polly Shulman and 'Twilight,' by Stephenie Meyer". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  141. Russell-Williams, Imogen (January 8, 2009). "Twilight vampires? Bah! Fangs ain't what they used to be..." The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  142. Holmes, Linda (March 22, 2010). "The Writing Style of 'Twilight': We Kick Off The 'I will If You Will' Book Club". NPR. National Public Radio. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  143. Reese, Jennifer (August 8, 2008). "Breaking Dawn". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  144. Orson Scott Card (April 30, 2009). "The 2008 Time 100: Stephenie Meyer". Time. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  145. Jennie Yabroff (April 11, 2009). "Why Is It A Sin To Read For Fun?". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
  146. Flood, Alison (February 5, 2009). "Twilight author Stephenie Meyer "can't write worth a darn", says Stephen King". The Guardian. The Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  147. Reiss 2009, p. 146.
  148. "Misconceptions: Facts vs. Fiction". www.burkemuseum.org. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  149. Paige Dickerson (September 6, 2010). "Forks' Stephenie Meyer Day to celebrate 'Twilight' author's books". Peninsula Daily News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  150. Lev Grossman (April 24, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?". Time. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
  151. Vineyard, Jennifer (August 18, 2008). "'Harry Potter' vs. 'Twilight': Battle of the 'Bands About Books'". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  152. Carroll, Larry (August 31, 2009). "Mitch Hansen Band Hope For Spot on "New Moon" Soundtrack". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  153. Barrett, Annie (April 30, 2009). "Twilight: TwiCon is coming. Do not put away that pea coat". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  154. Mulligan, Christina (February 11, 2015). "The most scandalous part of "Fifty Shades of Grey" isn't the sex and bondage". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  155. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 27.
  156. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 28
  157. Bull, Kelly Byrne (2009). "Off the Shelves: Analyzing Style and Intertextuality in Twilight" (PDF). English Journal. 98 (3): 113–116. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  158. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, pp. 29-30.
  159. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 58.
  160. Blasingame, Deakin & Walsh 2012, p. 68.
  161. Krohn 2010, p. 53.
  162. Krohn 2010, p. 49.
  163. Cesiri, Daniela; Coccetta, Francesca (2019). "Narrative Descriptions in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Saga. A Corpus stylistics perspective". Umanistica Digitale. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  164. Sanders, Eli (August 21, 2008). "10 Questions for Stephenie Meyer". Time. Time. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  165. Aleiss, Angela (June 24, 2010). "Mormon Influence, Imagery Run Deep Through 'Twilight'". Huffington Post. HuffPost Religion. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  166. Smyth, Karen Elizabeth (2011). ""What's a Nice Mormon Girl Like You Doing Writing about Vampires?": Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" Saga and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" (PDF). College of William & Mary: 15. doi:10.21220/s2-sy93-gw28. S2CID 199200226. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  167. "Interview: Twilight author Stephenie Meyer". A Motley Vision. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  168. Karen Valby (November 5, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: 12 of My 'Twilight' Inspirations". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  169. Clarke & Osborn 2010, pp. 39–50;Morey 2012, pp. 15–17
  170. Morey 2012, pp. 15-17.
  171. Klaus & Krüger 2011.
  172. Associated Press (April 30, 2008). "Teen star Stephenie Meyer writes adult novel". Today. NBC Universal. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  173. Kirschling, Gregory (July 5, 2008). "Interview with vampire writer Stephenie Meyer". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  174. Margolis, Rick. "Love at First Bite: Stephenie Meyer talks about vampires, teen live, and her first novel, 'Twilight'". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  175. "Twilight Series | Twilight | Playlist". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  176. "Twilight Series | New Moon | Playlist". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  177. "Twilight Series | Eclipse | Playlist". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  178. "Twilight Series | Breaking Dawn | Playlist". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  179. Krohn 2010, p. 35.
  180. Reiss 2009, p. 142.
  181. Reiss 2009, p. 145.
  182. Jepson, Eric W. (December 2009). "Saturday's Werewolf: The Doctrine that Makes Stephenie Meyer's Lycanthropes Golden Investigators" (PDF). Sunstone Magazine. Sunstone Education Foundation. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  183. Wilson 2011, p. 152.
  184. Reiss 2009, pp. 142-143.
  185. Reiss 2009, p. 143.
  186. Morey 2012, p. 65.
  187. Reiss 2009, p. 144.
  188. Reiss 2009, pp. 144-145.
  189. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 177.
  190. Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (August 10, 2007). "Booksellers Find Life After Harry in a Vampire Novel". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  191. Mills, Tony-Allen (August 10, 2008). "News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer". The Times. London. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
  192. Shapiro 2009, pp. 22–23
  193. Hanks 2009, p. 26
  194. Bosman, Julie (August 2, 2008). "Book Stokes Vampire Fever at Stores' Parties". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  195. Winston, Diane (March 9, 2012). ""The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith" by Matthew Bowman and "LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture" by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Newswander". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  196. Cochrane, Kira (March 11, 2013). "Stephenie Meyer on Twilight, feminism and true love". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  197. Fetters, Ashley (November 15, 2012). "At Its Core, the 'Twilight' Saga Is a Story About ______". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  198. Ashcraft 2013, p. 22
  199. Ashcraft 2013, p. 22.
  200. Laura Miller (July 30, 2008). "Touched by a vampire". salon.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
  201. Christine Seifert. "Bite Me! (Or Don't)". bitchmagazine.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
  202. Natalie Wilson (November 17, 2011). "Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package". msmagazine.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  203. Ashcraft 2013, p. 108.
  204. Berlatsky, Noah (March 12, 2013). "How Could Someone Who Writes About Lovesick Teen Girls Be a Feminist?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  205. "Best Fiction for Young Adults". American Library Association. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  206. "Books year in review". USA Today. December 28, 2008. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  207. Wardrop, Murray (April 4, 2009). "Barack Obama triumphs at British Book Awards with Dreams From My Father". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  208. Durand, Elizabeth (June 6, 2011). "Stephenie Meyer Makes Cameo in "Breaking Dawn: Part 1"". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  209. Vineyard, Jennifer (September 5, 2008). ""Twilight" Author Stephanie Meyer Tries to Drown Jack's Mannequin in "Resolution" Video". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  210. Richmond, Krista (November 9, 2011). ""Breaking Dawn" author Stephenie Meyer discusses her new role as movie producer". The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  211. Kit, Zorianna (March 27, 2013). "A Minute With: "Twilight" author Stephanie Meyer on "The Host"". Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  212. McNary, Dave (August 13, 2013). "Q&A Stephenie Meyer: "Twilight" Author Trades Undead for Well-Bred in "Austenland"". Variety. Variety Media. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  213. Vary, Adam B. (April 19, 2012). "Stephenie Meyer optioning suspense novel "Down a Dark Hall"". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.

Works cited
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.