Timeline of Goma

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

19th century

• 1890s - Goma occupied by agents of the Congo Free State as a trading post to control traffic on Lake Kivu; previously a way point for lake traffic and a crossroads for the overland trade routes between Central Africa and the Indian Ocean.

20th century

• 1910 - Goma confirmed as a Belgian possession in the Convention on the Lakes signed in Brussels on 14 May 1910 by plenipotentiaries of Belgium, Germany, and Great Britain.[1]
• 1925 - Albert National Park established near Goma.
• 1959 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Goma founded.[2]
• 1962 - Benezeth Moley becomes governor.^(fr)
• 1984 - Population: 77,908.[3]
• 1988 - Goma becomes part of newly formed North Kivu province.
• 1993 - University of Goma established.
• 1994
  • Population: 161,956.[4]
  • July: 850,000 Rwandan war refugees flee to Goma.[4][5]
• 1996 - 2 November: Goma taken by Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo.[5]
• 1998 - 2 August: City taken by forces of Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma.[4]
• 2000
  • Yole!Africa cultural centre established.[6]
  • Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka becomes governor of North Kivu province.^(fr)

21st century

• 2002 - January: Mount Nyiragongo erupts, destroys nearly half of city structures.[7]
• 2004 - Population: 249,862 (estimate).[3]
• 2006
  • Institut supérieur de statistique et de nouvelles technologies de Goma (school) founded.
  • Salaam Kivu International Film Festival begins.[6]
• 2007
  • "New military operations centre for the FARDC" established.[8]
  • Julien Paluku Kahongya becomes governor of North Kivu province.
• 2008
  • January: International peace conference held in Goma.[9]
  • 15 April: Airplane crash occurs.
  • October: "Chaos grips...Goma as rebel forces advance."[7]
• 2009
  • August: US secretary of state visits Goma.[7]
  • Roger Rachid Tumbala becomes mayor (approximate date).
• 2011 - Jean Busanga Malihaseme appointed mayor.[10]
• 2012
  • July: Battle of Goma (2012) begins.
  • 20 November: M23 forces take Goma.[7]
  • 12 December: Prison break.[4]
  • Kubuya Ndoole Naso becomes mayor.[11]
• 2013
  • 4 March: Airplane crash occurs.
  • August: Heavy fighting occurs outside Goma during the M23 rebellion.
• 2015
  • January: 2015 Congolese protests.
  • June: Airport taken by "Mai-Mai fighters."[12]
  • Dieudonné Malere becomes mayor.[13]
  • Population: 368,165 (estimate).[4]
• 2016 - November: United Nations forces attacked by bomb.[14]

See also

• Goma history
• List of mayors of Goma
• Timelines of other cities in DR Congo: Bukavu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Lubumbashi

References

1. Bulletin de la Société de géographie et d'études coloniales de Marseille, 1910, p. 138
2. "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Chronology of Catholic Dioceses. Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
3. "Kongo (Dem. Rep.): Städte". Citypopulation.de (in German). Oldenburg, Germany: Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
4. Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
5. "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 100–113. ISBN 0203409957.
6. Gesthuizen 2013.
7. "Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
8. Denis M. Tull (2008). "Democratic Republic of the Congo". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007. 4. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 239–254. ISBN 978-9004168053. ISSN 1871-2525.
9. "RD Congo: Chronologie". Jeuneafrique.com (in French). Paris. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
10. "Adolphe Lumanu Nomme Un Nouveau Maire À La Tête La Ville De Goma Au Nord-Kivu", Lecongolais.cd (in French), 30 September 2011
11. "RDC : le maire de Goma accuse le M23 de causer l'insécurité dans la périphérie de sa ville", Radiookapi.net (in French), DR Congo, 27 January 2013
12. Gunmen attack airport in eastern Congo, seven dead, Reuters, 2 June 2015
13. "Dieudonné Malere nommé maire de Goma", Radiookapi.net (in French), 30 August 2015
14. Bomb attack kills child, wounds 32 Indian peacekeepers in east Congo: U.N., Reuters, 8 November 2016

This article incorporates information from the Catalan Wikipedia, Dutch Wikipedia, and French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Didier Bompangue; et al. (2009). "Cholera Epidemics, War and Disasters around Goma and Lake Kivu: An Eight-Year Survey". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (5): e436. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436. PMC 2677153. PMID 19436726.
• Koen Vlassenroot; Karen Büscher (2009), City as frontier: urban development and identity processes in Goma, Crisis States Research Centre working papers, Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, ISSN 1749-1800
• Karen Büscher (2011). Conflict, state failure and urban transformation in the Eastern Congolese periphery: the case of Goma (PhD). Belgium: Ghent University. hdl:1854/LU-2092391.
• Thomas Gesthuizen (13 March 2013), "Congo's hidden cultural hub", The Guardian, UK

External links

• "(Goma)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
• "(Goma)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography)
• Items related to Goma, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Goma, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Images

• 
  Map of Goma, 1982
• 
  Refugee camp near Goma, 1994
• 
  M-23 crisis in Goma, 2012
• 
  MONUSCO training, 2013
• 
  Boulevard Kanyamahanga traffic circle, Goma, 2013
• 
  View of Goma, 2015
• 
  View of Goma, 2015