Willinakaqe

Willinakaqe is a dubious genus of possibly invalid saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur described based on fossils the late Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian stage) of the Río Negro Province of southern Argentina.

Willinakaqe Temporal range: Upper Cretaceous, Campanian–Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Order:	†Ornithischia
Suborder:	†Ornithopoda
Family:	†Hadrosauridae
Subfamily:	†Saurolophinae
Genus:	†Willinakaqe Juárez Valieri et al., 2010
Species:	†W. salitralensis
Binomial name
†Willinakaqe salitralensis Juárez Valieri et al., 2010

Discovery and naming

Willinakaqe was first named by Rubén D. Juárez Valieri, José A. Haro, Lucas E. Fiorelli and Jorge O. Calvo in 2010 and the type species is Willinakaqe salitralensis. The generic name means "Southern duck-mimic", in the Mapuche language (willi, "south", iná, "mimic" and kaqe, "duck"). The specific name refers to the Salitral.[1]

Willinakaqe is known from several disarticulated specimens, among them juvenile and adult individuals found at the Salitral Moreno site of the Lower Member of the Allen Formation. The holotype is MPCA-Pv SM 8, a right premaxilla. A second site in the Malvinas Argentinas Partido has rendered additional specimens. Together the material represents the majority of the skeleton.[1] Some of the fossils were previously discussed in the literature as potentially representing a Patagonian lambeosaurine.[2][1]

A revision of the original diagnosis of Willinakaqe salitralensis and of fossil material attributed to this species was published by Cruzado Caballero and Coria in 2016, who argue that the fossils attributed to Willinakaqe salitralensis might represent more than a single taxon of hadrosaurid and that all characters of the original diagnosis are invalid, meanwhile the holotype itself is too weathered and incomplete to support a diagnosis; thus, the taxon Willinakaqe salitrensis must be considered a nomen vanum.[3]

Phylogeny

The describers assigned Willinakaqe to the Saurolophidae within the Hadrosauroidea.[1]

In 2010 cladistic analyses by Prieto-Márquez confirmed that the only two hadrosaurid taxa known from South America, Willinakaqe and Secernosaurus, form a clade within the Saurolophinae.[4] Prieto-Márquez & Salinas 2010, Prieto-Márquez, 2010 and Juárez Valieri e.a. considered "Kritosaurus" australis to be identical to Secernosaurus.[1][4]

Cladogram after Prieto-Márquez, 2010:[4]

Saurolophinae

Acristavus       Maiasaura     Brachylophosaurus           Shantungosaurus         Edmontosaurus annectens     E. regalis           Unnamed Sabinas species (PASAC-1)     Kerberosaurus       Prosaurolophus       Saurolophus osborni     S. angustirostris             Wulagasaurus       Kritosaurus         Gryposaurus latidens       G. notabilis     G. monumentensis           Unnamed Big Bend species (UTEP P37.7.222)       Secernosaurus     Willinakaqe

See also

• Timeline of hadrosaur research

References

1. Rubén D. Juárez Valieri; José A. Haro; Lucas E. Fiorelli & Jorge O. Calvo (2010). "A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales N.s. 11 (2): 217–231.
2. J. E. Powell (1987). "Hallazago de un dinosaurio hadrosáurido (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) en la Formación Allen (Cretácico Superior) de Salitral Moreno, provincia de Río Negro, Argentina". Congreso Geológico Argentino. 10 (3): 149–152.
3. Penélope Cruzado Caballero; Rodolfo Anibal Coria (2016). "Revisiting the hadrosaurid diversity of the Allen Fm.: Re-evaluation of the taxonomic validity of Willinakaqe salitralensis (Ornithopoda, Hadrosauridae) from Salitral Moreno, Río Negro Province, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 53 (2): 231–237. doi:10.5710/AMGH.25.09.2015.2943.
4. Albert Prieto-Márquez (2010). "Global phylogeny of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) using parsimony and Bayesian methods". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 159 (2): 435–502. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00617.x.