1900 Italian general election

General elections were held in Italy on 3 June 1900, with a second round of voting on 10 June.[1] The "ministerial" left-wing bloc remained the largest in Parliament, winning 296 of the 508 seats.[2]

1900 Italian general election

3–10 June 1900
All 508 seats to the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy
Leader Giovanni Giolitti Antonio Starabba di Rudinì Filippo Turati Party Historical Left Historical Right Socialist Party Seats won 296 116 33 Seat change 33 17 29 Popular vote 663,418 271,698 164,946 Percentage 52.3% 21.4% 13.0% Swing 12.1% 1.9% 10.0%
Prime Minister before election Luigi Pelloux Military Elected Prime Minister Giuseppe Saracco Historical Left

Electoral system

The election was held using 508 single-member constituencies. However, prior to the election the electoral law was amended so that candidates needed only an absolute majority of votes to win their constituency, abolishing the second requirement of receiving the votes of at least one-sixth of registered voters.[3]

Historical background

Upon the fall of Antonio Starabba di Rudinì in June 1898, General Luigi Pelloux was entrusted by King Umberto with the formation of a cabinet, and took for himself the post of minister of the interior. He resigned office in May 1899 over his Chinese policy, but was again entrusted with the formation of a government. His new cabinet was essentially military and conservative, the most decisively conservative since 1876.[4]

He took stern measures against the revolutionary elements in southern Italy. The Public Safety Bill for the reform of the police laws, taken over by him from the Rudinì cabinet, and eventually promulgated by royal decree. The law made strikes by state employees illegal; gave the executive wider powers to ban public meetings and dissolve subversive organisations; revived the penalties of banishment and preventive arrest for political offences; and tightened control of the press by making authors responsible for their articles and declaring incitement to violence a crime.[4] The new coercive law was fiercely obstructed by the Socialist Party of Italy (PSI), which, with the Left and Extreme Left, succeeded in forcing General Pelloux to dissolve the Chamber in May 1900, and to resign office after the general election in June.

Parties and leaders

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Historical Left	Liberalism, Centrism	Giovanni Giolitti
	Historical Right	Conservatism, Monarchism	Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
	Italian Socialist Party	Socialism, Revolutionary socialism	Filippo Turati
	Historical Far Left	Republicanism, Radicalism	Ettore Sacchi
	Italian Republican Party	Republicanism, Radicalism	Napoleone Colajanni

Results

← Summary of June 1900 Chamber of Deputies election results →

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/−
	Historical Left	663,418	52.3	296	−33
	Historical Right	271,698	21.4	116	+17
	Italian Socialist Party	164,946	13.0	33	+18
	Historical Far Left	89,872	7.1	34	−8
	Italian Republican Party	79,127	6.2	29	+4
Invalid/blank votes		38,888	–	–	–
Total		1,310,480	100	508	±0
Registered voters/turnout		2,248,509	58.3	–	–
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Popular vote Left   52.3% Right   21.4% PSI   13.0% Far Left   7.1% PRI   6.2%

Parliamentary seats Left   58.3% Right   22.8% Far Left   6.7% PSI   6.5% PRI   5.7%

References

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p1083
3. Nohlen & Stöver, p1039
4. Seton-Watson, Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870-1925, p. 193