Bilabial ejective stop
The bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨pʼ⟩.
| Bilabial ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| pʼ | |||
| IPA Number | 101 + 401 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | pʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0070 U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | p_> | ||
| Braille |    | ||
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| Audio sample | |||
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source · help | |||
Features
Features of the bilabial ejective:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
In addition to the languages listed below, this sound is also a common phonological feature of the Ethiopian Linguistic Area, especially Ethiopian Semitic languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | пӏакӏэ/pḣač̣ė |  [pʼaːt͡ʃʼa] |
'thin' | ||
| Amharic | ጴጥሮስ/p̣iéṭraus | [pʼetʼros] | 'Peter' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | պոչ/pochʿ | [pʼotʃʰ] | 'tail' | Corresponds to tenuis [p⁼] in other Eastern dialects |
| Chechen | пӏелг/phelg | [pʼelɡ] | 'finger' | ||
| Ganza[2]:95 | [pʼá̰bḭ́] | ‘gathering’ | |||
| Georgian | პაემანი/p'aemani | [pʼaɛmani] | 'meeting, date' | ||
| Hadza | hûbbu | [ɦuːpʼu] | 'to lift something heavy' | (mimetic) | |
| Haida | ttappad | [tʼapʼat] | 'to break' | (mimetic) | |
| Halkomelem | p̓əq̓ | [pʼəqʼ] | 'white' | ||
| Kabardian | цӏапӏэ/claplè | [t͡sʼaːpʼa] |
'mean' | ||
| Nez Perce | p’íłin | [ˈpʼiɬin] | 'hole' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | пъовыр/phovyr | [ˈpʼovɪ̈r] | 'cook' | |
| Quechua | p’acha | [pʼat͡ʃa] | 'clothes' | ||
| Ubykh | саакӀъауәпӀцӀај/saaky'awəp'ţ'ay | [saːkʲʼawəpʼtsʼaj] | 'what is your name?' | See Ubykh phonology | |
See also
Notes
- Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
- Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
References
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
External links
- List of languages with [pʼ] on PHOIBLE
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