Voiced velar implosive
The voiced velar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɠ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_<. It is familiar to English speakers as the sound made when mimicking the 'gulping' of water.
| Voiced velar implosive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɠ | |||
| IPA Number | 166 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɠ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0260 | ||
| X-SAMPA | g_< | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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| Audio sample | |||
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source · help | |||
Features
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Af Maay | qalang | [ɠalaŋ] | 'pen' | Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Somali | |
| Ega[1] | [ɠà] | 'count' | |||
| Fula[2] | |||||
| Jamaican[3] | good | [ɠuːd] | 'good' | Allophone of /ɡ/ in the onset of prominent syllables | |
| Sindhi | ڳَئُون g̈aun |  [ɠəuːn] | 'cow' | ||
| Tera[4] | qaandi | [ɠaːndi] | '(a greeting)' | ||
| Zulu | ukuza | [uˈɠuːza] | 'to come' | Allophone of /k/ | |
Notes
- Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
- Keer (1999:82)
- Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
- Tench (2007:228)
References
- Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
- Devonish, H; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
- Keer, Edward (1999), Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
- Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
External links
- List of languages with [ɠ] on PHOIBLE
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