International Phonetic Alphabet chart

The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. This page is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, but is used as a page for internal navigation within Wikipedia.

Official chart

The official IPA chart, revised to 2020

Vowels

Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ

IPA help  audio full chart template Vowels beside dots are: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɕ dʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ɢʁ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ̞ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ ʈɭ̊˔ ɖɭ˔ cʎ̝̊ ɟʎ̝ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ɭ̊˔ ɭ˔ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral tap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ ɭ̥̆ ɭ̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̆

IPA help  audio full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ cʎ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) Tenuis kʘ qʘ kǀ qǀ kǃ qǃ k𝼊 q𝼊 kǂ qǂ Voiced ɡʘ ɢʘ ɡǀ ɢǀ ɡǃ ɢǃ ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊 ɡǂ ɢǂ Nasal ŋʘ ɴʘ ŋǀ ɴǀ ŋǃ ɴǃ ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊 ŋǂ ɴǂ ʞ   Tenuis lateral kǁ qǁ Voiced lateral ɡǁ ɢǁ Nasal lateral ŋǁ ɴǁ Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥

IPA help full chart template Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Co-articulated consonants

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal Fricative ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Approximant ɥ̊ ɥ Labialized palatal ʍ w Labialized velar Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar

IPA help full chart template

Other consonants

• Nasal palatal approximant [j̃]
• Nasal labialized velar approximant [w̃]
• Voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃]
• Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥]
• Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆]

Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics

◌̥ ◌̊	Voiceless	◌̤	Breathy voiced	◌̪ ◌͆	Dental
◌̬	Voiced	◌̰	Creaky voiced	◌̺	Apical
◌ʰ	Aspirated	◌̼	Linguolabial	◌̻	Laminal
◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ	Labialized	◌̃	Nasalized
◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ	Palatalized	◌ⁿ	Nasal release
◌̟ ◌˖	Advanced	◌ˠ	Velarized	◌ˡ	Lateral release
◌̠ ◌˗	Retracted	◌ˤ	Pharyngealized	◌̚	No audible release
◌̈	Centralized	◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ	Mid central vowel release
◌̽	Mid-centralized	◌̝ ◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ	Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩ ◌̍	Syllabic	◌̞ ◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ	Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯ ◌̑	Non-syllabic	◌̘	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ	Ejective
◌˞	Rhoticity	◌̙	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌	Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Level tones

◌̋	˥	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	High
◌̄	˧	Mid
◌̀	˨	Low
◌̏	˩	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌		Downstep
ꜛ◌		Upstep

Tone contours

◌̌	˩˥	Rising
◌̂	˥˩	Falling
◌᷄	˧˥	High rising
◌᷅	˩˧	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	High falling
◌᷆	˧˩	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˦˨	Rising–falling
◌᷉	˧˨˦	Falling–rising
↗︎		Global rise
↘︎		Global fall

Transcription

[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured
{ }	Prosodic notation

See also

• IPA vowel chart with audio
• IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio
• International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
• Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet

External links

• The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart
• Interactive IPA chart