FC Bayern Munich

Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V. (German pronunciation: [ˈfuːsbalˌklʊp ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩]), commonly known as FC Bayern München (German pronunciation: [ʔɛf tseː ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩]), FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German professional sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 30 national titles, including eight consecutively since 2013,[4] and 20 national cups, along with numerous European honours.[5]

Bayern Munich

Full name	Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V.
Nickname(s)	Der FCB (The FCB) Die Bayern (The Bavarians) Stern des Südens (Star of the South) Die Roten (The Reds)[1] FC Hollywood[2]
Short name	Bayern, FCB
Founded	27 February 1900
Ground	Allianz Arena
Capacity	75,000[3]
President	Herbert Hainer
Chairman	Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
Manager	Hans-Dieter Flick
League	Bundesliga
2019–20	Bundesliga, 1st of 18 (champions)
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours

Active departments of FC Bayern Munich
Football (men's)	Football II (men's)	Football JT (men's)
Football (women's)	Football (seniors)	Basketball
Handball	Chess	Bowling
Table tennis	Referees

FC Bayern Munich was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John.[6] Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932,[7] the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963.[8] The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three consecutive times (1974–1976). Overall, Bayern have reached eleven European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their sixth title in 2020 as part of a continental treble. By winning their sixth Champions League trophy in 2020, Bayern became only the second European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.[9] Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Super Cups, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally and the only German club to have won both international titles. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football, winning 30 titles. The club has traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg, as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s.

Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played at Munich's Olympiastadion for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the team crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria.[10] In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the largest sports club in Germany and the fourth highest-earning football club in the world, generating €660.1 million in 2020.[11] For the 2018–19 season, Bayern reported a revenue of €750.4 million and an operating profit of €146.1 million. This was Bayern's 27th consecutive year with a profit.[12] In November 2019, Bayern had 293,000 official members and there are 4,499 officially registered fan clubs with over 358,151 members.[12] The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis and senior football with more than 1,100 active members.[13] At the end of the 2019–20 season, Bayern was ranked first in the UEFA club coefficient rankings.[14]

History

Early years (1900–1965)

The first game of FC Bayern Munich against 1. FC Nürnberg in 1901

FC Bayern Munich was founded by members of a Munich gymnastics club (MTV 1879). When a congregation of members of MTV 1879 decided on 27 February 1900 that the footballers of the club would not be allowed to join the German Football Association (DFB), 11 members of the football division left the congregation and on the same evening founded Fußball-Club Bayern München. Within a few months, Bayern achieved high-scoring victories against all local rivals, including a 15–0 win against FC Nordstern,[15] and reached the semi-finals of the 1900–01 South German championship.[6] In the following years, the club won some local trophies and in 1910–11 Bayern joined the newly founded "Kreisliga", the first regional Bavarian league. The club won this league in its first year, but did not win it again until the beginning of World War I in 1914, which halted all football activities in Germany.[7][16] By the end of its first decade of founding, Bayern had attracted its first German national team player, Max Gaberl Gablonsky.[17] By 1920, it had over 700 members, making it the largest football club in Munich.[17]

In the years after the war, Bayern won several regional competitions before winning its first South German championship in 1926, an achievement repeated two years later.[7][18] Its first national title was gained in 1932, when coach Richard "Little Dombi" Kohn led the team to the German championship by defeating Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 in the final.[7]

The rise of Adolf Hitler to power put an abrupt end to Bayern's development. Club president Kurt Landauer and the coach, both of whom were Jewish, left the country. Many others in the club were also purged. Bayern was taunted as the "Jew's club", while local rival 1860 Munich gained much support. Josef Sauter, who was inaugurated in 1943, was the only NSDAP member as president. As some Bayern players greeted Landauer, who was watching a Bayern-friendly in Switzerland, lead to continued discrimination.[19] Bayern was also affected by the ruling that football players had to be full amateurs again, which led to the move of the gifted young centre-forward Oskar Rohr to Switzerland. In the following years, Bayern could not sustain its role of contender for the national title, achieving mid-table results in its regional league instead.[20]

After the war, Bayern became a member of the Oberliga Süd, the southern conference of the German first division, which was split five ways at that time. Bayern struggled, hiring and firing 13 coaches between 1945 and 1963. Landauer returned from exile in 1947 and was once again appointed club president, the tenure lasted until 1951. He remains as the club's president with the longest accumulated tenure. Landauer has been deemed as inventor of Bayern as a professional club and his memory is being upheld by the Bayern ultras Schickeria.[21][22] In 1955, the club was relegated but returned to the Oberliga in the following season and won the DFB-Pokal for the first time, beating Fortuna Düsseldorf 1–0 in the final.[23][24]

The club struggled financially though, verging on bankruptcy at the end of the 1950s. Manufacturer ousted president Reitlinger, who was later convicted for financial irregularities, was ousted in the elections of 1958 by the industrialist Roland Endler. He provided financial stability for the club. Under his reign Bayern had its best years in the Oberliga.[25] Endler was no longer a candidate in 1962, when Wilhelm Neudecker, who became wealthy in the postwar construction boom, replaced him.

In 1963, the Oberligas in Germany were consolidated into one national league, the Bundesliga. Five teams from the Oberliga South were admitted. The key for qualifying for the Bundesliga was the accumulated record of the last twelve years, where Bayern was only the sixth-ranked club. To boot, local rivals TSV 1860 Munich, ranked seventh, were champions of the last Oberliga-Süd season and were given preference on the basis of this achievement.[26][8] After initial protests of Bayern for alleged mistreatment remained fruitless, president Neudecker rose to the challenge and hired Zlatko Čajkovski, who in 1962 led 1. FC Köln to the national championship. Fielding a team with young talents like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller and Sepp Maier – who would later be collectively referred to as the axis, they should achieve promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965.[24]

The golden years (1965–1979)

Gerd Müller

Franz Beckenbauer and Roberto Perfumo before a friendly v Argentina in 1970

In their first Bundesliga season, Bayern finished third and also won the DFB-Pokal. This qualified them for the following year's European Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in a dramatic final against Scottish club Rangers, when Franz Roth scored the decider in a 1–0 extra time victory.[24] In 1967, Bayern retained the DFB-Pokal, but slow overall progress saw Branko Zebec take over as coach. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history in 1969. Bayern Munich are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal in the same season along with Borussia Dortmund, 1. FC Köln and Werder Bremen. Zebec used only 13 players throughout the season.[27]

Udo Lattek took charge in 1970. After winning the DFB-Pokal in his first season, Lattek led Bayern to their third German championship. The deciding match in the 1971–72 season against Schalke 04 was the first match in the new Olympiastadion, and was also the first live televised match in Bundesliga history. Bayern beat Schalke 5–1 and thus claimed the title, also setting several records, including points gained and goals scored.[28] Bayern also won the next two championships, but the zenith was their triumph in the 1974 European Cup Final against Atlético Madrid, which Bayern won 4–0 after a replay.[29] This title – after winning the Cup Winners' trophy 1967 and two semi-finals (1968 and 1972) in that competition – marked the club's breakthrough as a force on the international stage.

FC Bayern Munich against 1. FC Magdeburg in 1974

During the following years, the team was unsuccessful domestically but defended their European title by defeating Leeds United in the 1975 European Cup Final when Roth and Müller secured victory with late goals. "We came back into the game and scored two lucky goals, so in the end, we were the winners but we were very, very lucky", stated Franz Beckenbauer. Billy Bremner believed the French referee was "very suspicious". Leeds fans then rioted in Paris and were banned from European football for three years.[30] A year later in Glasgow, Saint-Étienne were defeated by another Roth goal and Bayern became the third club to win the trophy in three consecutive years. The final trophy won by Bayern in this era was the Intercontinental Cup, in which they defeated Brazilian club Cruzeiro over two legs.[31] The rest of the decade was a time of change and saw no further titles for Bayern. In 1977, Franz Beckenbauer left for New York Cosmos and, in 1979, Sepp Maier and Uli Hoeneß retired while Gerd Müller joined the Fort Lauderdale Strikers.[32] Bayerndusel was coined during this period as an expression of either contempt or envy about the sometimes narrow and last-minute wins against other teams.

From FC Breitnigge to FC Hollywood (1979–1998)

The 1980s were a period of off-field turmoil for Bayern, with many changes in personnel and financial problems. On the field, Paul Breitner and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, termed FC Breitnigge, led the team to Bundesliga titles in 1980 and 1981. Apart from a DFB-Pokal win in 1982, two relatively unsuccessful seasons followed, after which Breitner retired and former coach Udo Lattek returned. Bayern won the DFB-Pokal in 1984 and went on to win five Bundesliga championships in six seasons, including a double in 1986. European success, however, was elusive during the decade; Bayern managed to claim the runners-up spot in the European Cup in 1982 and 1987.[33]

Jupp Heynckes was hired as coach in 1987, but after two consecutive championships in 1988–89 and 1989–90, Bayern's form dipped. After finishing second in 1990–91, the club finished just five points above the relegation places in 1991–92. In 1993–94, Bayern was eliminated in the UEFA Cup second round to Premier League side Norwich City, who remain the only English club to beat Bayern at the Olympiastadion. Success returned when Franz Beckenbauer took over for the second half of the 1993–94 season, winning the championship again after a four-year gap. Beckenbauer was then appointed club president.[34]

His successors as coach, Giovanni Trapattoni and Otto Rehhagel, both finished trophyless after a season, not meeting the club's high expectations.[35] During this time, Bayern's players frequently appeared in the gossip pages of the press rather than the sports pages, resulting in the nickname FC Hollywood.[36] Franz Beckenbauer briefly returned at the end of the 1995–96 season as caretaker coach and led his team to victory in the UEFA Cup, beating Bordeaux in the final. For the 1996–97 season, Trapattoni returned to win the championship. In the following season, Bayern lost the title to newly promoted 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Trapattoni had to take his leave for the second time.[37]

Renewed international success (1998–2007)

Opened in 2005: the Allianz Arena, one of the world's most modern football stadiums.

After his success at Borussia Dortmund, Bayern were coached by Ottmar Hitzfeld from 1998 to 2004. In Hitzfeld's first season, Bayern won the Bundesliga and came close to winning the Champions League, losing 2–1 to Manchester United into injury time after leading for most of the match. The following year, in the club's centenary season, Bayern won the third league and cup double in its history. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won with a stoppage time goal on the final day of the league season.[38][39] Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25-year gap, defeating Valencia on penalties. The 2001–02 season began with a win in the Intercontinental Cup, but ended trophyless otherwise. In 2002–03, Bayern won their fourth double, leading the league by a record margin of 16 points.[40] Hitzfeld's reign ended in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including defeat by second division Alemannia Aachen in the DFB-Pokal.

Felix Magath took over and led Bayern to two consecutive doubles. Prior to the start of the 2005–06 season, Bayern moved from the Olympiastadion to the new Allianz Arena, which the club shared with 1860 Munich. On the field, their performance in 2006–07 was erratic. Trailing in the league and having lost to Alemannia Aachen in the cup yet again, coach Magath was sacked shortly after the winter break.[41]

Hitzfeld returned as a trainer in January 2007, but Bayern finished the 2006–07 season in fourth position, thus failing to qualify for the Champions League for the first time in more than a decade. Additional losses in the DFB-Pokal and the DFB-Ligapokal left the club with no honours for the season.

Robbery – Robben and Ribery (2007–2019)

For the 2007–08 season, Bayern made drastic squad changes to help rebuild. They signed a total of eight new players and sold, released or loaned out nine of their players.[42] Among new signings were 2006 World Cup stars such as Franck Ribéry, Miroslav Klose and Luca Toni. Bayern went on to win the Bundesliga in convincing fashion, leading the standings on every single week of play, and the DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund.[43]

After the season Bayern's long-term goalkeeper Oliver Kahn retired which left the club without a top-tier goalkeeper for several seasons. The club's coach Ottmar Hitzfeld also retired and Jürgen Klinsmann was chosen as his successor.[44] However, Klinsmann was sacked even before the end of his first season as Bayern trailed Wolfsburg in the league, had lost the quarterfinal of the DFB-Pokal to Bayer Leverkusen, and had been made look silly in the quarterfinal of the Champions League when FC Barcelona scored four times in the first half of the first leg and over the course of both legs Bayern never looked like they could keep up. Jupp Heynckes was named caretaker coach and led the club to a second-place finish in the league.[45]

Bayern Munich playing against Bayer Leverkusen in the Bundesliga in September 2011

For the 2009–10 season, Bayern hired Dutch manager Louis van Gaal, and Dutch forward Arjen Robben joined Bayern. Robben alongside Ribéry would go on to shape Bayern's play style of attacking over the wings for the next ten years. The press quickly dubbed the duo "Robbery". In addition, David Alaba and Thomas Müller were promoted to the first team. With Müller, van Gaal went so far as to proclaim "With me, Müller always plays" which has become a much referenced phrase over the years.[46] On the pitch Bayern had its most successful season since 2001, securing the domestic double[47] and losing only in the final of the Champions League to Inter Milan 0–2.[48] Despite the successful 2009–10 campaign, van Gaal was fired in April 2011 as Bayern was trailing in the league and eliminated in the first knockout round of the Champions League. Van Gaal's second in command, Andries Jonker, took over and finished the season in third place.

Jupp Heynckes returned for his second permanent spell in the 2011–12 season. Although the club had signed Manuel Neuer, ending Bayern's quest for an adequate substitute for Kahn, and Jérôme Boateng for the season, Bayern remained without title for the second consecutive season, coming in second to Borussia Dortmund in the league and the cup. The Champions League final was held at the Allianz and Bayern indeed reached the final in their home stadium, but lost the "Finale dahoam" as they had termed it to Chelsea on penalties. For the 2012–13 season, Bayern signed Javi Martínez. After Bayern had finished as runner-up to all titles in 2011–12, Bayern went on to win all titles in 2012–13, setting various Bundesliga records along the way,[49] and becoming the first German team to win the treble. Bayern finished the Bundesliga on 91 points, only 11 points shy of a perfect season, and to date, still the best season ever played. In what was Bayern's third Champions League final appearance within four years, they beat Borussia Dortmund 2–1.[50] A week later, they completed the treble by winning the DFB-Pokal final over VfB Stuttgart.[51] During the season, in January, Bayern had already announced that they would hire Pep Guardiola as coach for the 2013–14 season. Originally the club presented this as Heynckes retiring on the expiration of his contract, but Uli Hoeneß later admitted, that it was not Heynckes's decision to leave Bayern at the end of the season. It was actually forced by the club's desire to appoint Guardiola.

Bayern fulfilled Guardiola's wish of signing Thiago Alcântara from FC Barcelona and Guardiola's first season started off well with Bayern extending a streak of undefeated league matches from the last season to 53 matches. The eventual loss to Augsburg came two match days after Bayern had already claimed the league title.[52] During the season, Bayern had also claimed two other titles, the FIFA Club World Cup and the UEFA Super Cup,[53][54] the latter being the last major trophy the club had not yet won. Bayern also won the cup to complete their tenth domestic double,[55] but lost in the semi-final of the Champions League to Real Madrid. Off the pitch, Bayern's president Uli Hoeneß was convicted of tax evasion on 13 March 2014 and sentenced to three and a half years in prison. Hoeneß resigned the next day. Vice-president Karl Hopfner was elected president on 2 May. Before the 2014–15 season, Bayern picked up Robert Lewandowski after his contract had ended at Borussia Dortmund, and loaned out Xabi Alonso from Real Madrid. Bayern also let Toni Kroos leave for Real. Club icons Bastian Schweinsteiger and Claudio Pizarro left before the 2015–16 season. In these two seasons, Bayern defended their league title, including another double in 2015–16,[56] but failed to advance past the semi-finals in the Champions League. Although the club's leadership tried to convince Guardiola to stay, the coach decided not to extend his three-year contract.

Carlo Ancelotti was hired as successor to Guardiola.[57] The key transfer for the 2016–17 campaign was Mats Hummels from Borussia Dortmund. Off the pitch Uli Hoeneß had been released early from prison and reelected as president in November 2016. Under Ancelotti, Bayern claimed their fifth consecutive league title,[58] but did not win the cup or the Champions League. In July 2017, Bayern announced that 1860 Munich would leave the Allianz for good as the club had been relegated to the 4th division. Before the 2017–18 season, Bayern made extensive changes to their squad, signing amongst others young prospects such as Kingsley Coman, Corentin Tolisso, Serge Gnabry and Niklas Süle, and loaning James Rodríguez from Real. Meanwhile, the club's captain, Philipp Lahm, and Xabi Alonso retired, and several other players left the club. As Bayern's performances were perceived to be more and more lackluster, Ancelotti was sacked after a 0–3 loss to Paris St. Germain in the Champions League, early in his second season.[59] Willy Sagnol took over as interim manager for a week before it was announced that Jupp Heynckes would finish the season in his fourth spell at the club. During the season, the club urged Heynckes —even publicly— to extend his contract, but Heynckes, aged 73, stayed firm that he would retire for good after the season. The club began a long and extensive search to find a replacement and eventually Niko Kovač was presented as Heynckes's successor, signing a three-year contract.[60] Heynckes led the club to another championship. In the cup final, Heynckes's last match as coach, Heynckes met his successor on the pitch. Kovač's Eintracht Frankfurt denied Bayern the title, winning 3–1.

Kovač's first season at the club started slow with Bayern falling behind Dortmund in the league throughout the first half of the season. In contrast to similar situations with van Gaal and Ancelotti, the club's leadership decided to protect their coach from criticisms. However, after the winter break, Bayern quickly closed the distance and put themselves first place in the league. In the Champions League the club was eliminated by Liverpool in the round of 16, the first time since 2011 that Bayern did not reach the quarterfinal. During the season Arjen Robben announced that it would be his last season for the club,[61] while Uli Hoeneß announced that Franck Ribéry would be leaving at the end of the season.[62] In March 2019, Bayern announced that they had signed Lucas Hernandez from Atlético Madrid for a club and Bundesliga record fee of €80 million.[63][64] On 18 May 2019, Bayern won their seventh straight Bundesliga title as they finished two points above second place Dortmund with 78 points. This Bundesliga title was Ribéry's ninth and Robben's eighth. A week later, Bayern defeated RB Leipzig 3–0 in the 2019 DFB-Pokal Final. With the win Bayern won their 19th German Cup and completed their 12th domestic double.

Flick era (2019–present)

Hans-Dieter Flick joined Bayern Munich on 1 July 2019 as an assistant coach.[65] Under Kovač, Bayern was off to a slow start in the league and after a 5–1 loss to Frankfurt, Kovač and Bayern parted ways on 3 November 2019 with Flick being promoted to interim manager.[66][67] After a satisfying spell as interim coach, Bayern announced on 22 December 2019 that Flick would remain in charge until the end of season.[68] Bayern's performances on the pitch picked up noticeably and in April 2020, the club agreed with Flick to a new permanent contract through 2023.[69] Under Flick the club won the league, having played the most successful leg of a Bundesliga season in history, and went on to claim the cup, thus completing the club's 13th domestic double. In the Champions League, Bayern reached their first final since 2013, en route beating FC Barcelona 8–2 in the quarter-finals[70] and Lyon 3–0 in the semi-final. In the final, which was held in Lisbon behind closed doors due to the severity of COVID-19 pandemic, they defeated Paris Saint-Germain 1–0. Former PSG player Kingsley Coman scored the only goal of the match.[71] With the victory, they became the second European club to complete the continental treble in two different seasons, matching the 2014–15 FC Barcelona team.[9] After a short break, Bayern started the new season by winning the UEFA Super Cup for the second time in their history. In a closely contested match, Bayern defeated Sevilla 2–1 after extra time, with Javi Martínez scoring the winning goal.[72]

Kits

In the original club constitution, Bayern's colours were named as white and blue, but the club played in white shirts with black shorts until 1905, when Bayern joined MSC. MSC decreed that the footballers would have to play in red shorts. Also, the younger players were called red shorts, which was meant as an insult.[6] For most of the club's early history, Bayern had primarily worn white and maroon home kits. In 1968–69 season, Bayern changed to red and blue striped shirts, with blue shorts and socks. Between 1969 and 1973, the team wore a home strip of red and white striped shirts with either red or white shorts and red socks. In the 1973–74 season, the team switched to an all-white kit featuring single vertical red and blue stripes on the shirt. From 1974 onwards, Bayern has mostly worn an all red home kit, with white trim. Bayern revived the red and blue striped colour scheme between 1995 and 1997. In 1997, blue was the dominant colour for the first time when Adidas released an all navy blue home kit with a red chest band. In 1999, Bayern returned to a predominantly red kit, which featured blue sleeves, and in 2000 the club released a traditional all red kit with white trim to be worn for Champions League matches.[10] Bayern also wore a Rotwein coloured home kits in Bundesliga matches between 2001 and 2003, and during the 2006–07 Champions League campaign, in reference to their first choice colours prior to the late 1960s.[73]

The club's away kit has had a wide range of colours over the years, including white, black, blue, and gold-green. Bayern also features a distinct international kit. During the 2013–14 season, Bayern used an all red home kit with a Bavarian flag diamond watermark pattern, a Lederhosen inspired white and black Oktoberfest away kit, and an all navy blue international kit.[74]

In the 1980s and 1990s, Bayern used a special away kit when playing at 1. FC Kaiserslautern, representing the Brazilian colours blue and yellow, a superstition borne from the fact that the club found it hard to win there.[75]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Period	Kit manufacturer	Shirt sponsor (chest)	Shirt sponsor (sleeve)
1964–1971	Palme Trikotfabrik[76]	None	None
1971–1974	Erima
1974–1978	Adidas	Adidas
1978–1981		Magirus Deutz
1981–1984		Iveco Magirus
1984–1989		Commodore
1989–2002		Opel
2002–2017		Deutsche Telekom
2017–2018			Hamad Airport
2018–present			Qatar Airways

Kit deals

Kit supplier	Period	Contract announcement	Contract duration	Value	Notes
Adidas	1974–present	28 April 2015	2015–2030 (15 years)[77]	Total €900 million[78] (€60 million per year)

Crest

Bayern's crest has changed several times. Originally it consisted of the stylised letters F, C, B, M, which were woven into one symbol. The original crest was blue. The colours of Bavaria were included for the first time in 1954.[10] The crest from 1906 to 1919 denotes "Bayern FA", whereby "FA" stands for Fußball-Abteilung, i.e. Football Department; Bayern then was integrated into TSV Jahn Munich and constituted its football department.

The modern version of the crest has changed from the 1954 version in several steps.[10] While the crest consisted of a single colour only for most of the time, namely blue or red, the current crest is blue, red, and white. It has the colours of Bavaria in its centre and FC Bayern München is written in white on a red ring enclosing the Bavarian colours.

Bayern Munich logo history

• 
  1901
• 
  1902–1906
• 
  1906–1919
• 
  1919–1924
• 
  1925–1954
• 
  1954–1996
• 
  1996–2002
• 
  2002–2017
• 
  2017–

Stadiums

Model of Bayern's first stadium, their home from 1906 to 1924

Bayern played its first training games at the Schyrenplatz in the centre of Munich. The first official games were held on the Theresienwiese. In 1901, Bayern moved to a field of its own, located in Schwabing at the Clemensstraße. After joining the Münchner Sport-Club (MSC) in 1906, Bayern moved in May 1907 to MSC's ground at the Leopoldstraße.[79] As the crowds gathering for Bayern's home games increased at the beginning of the 1920s, Bayern had to switch to various other premises in Munich.[80]

From 1925, Bayern shared the Grünwalder Stadion with 1860 Munich.[81] Until World War II, the stadium was owned by 1860 Munich, and is still colloquially known as Sechz'ger ("Sixties") Stadium. It was destroyed during the war, and efforts to rebuild it resulted in a patchwork. Bayern's record crowd at the Grünwalder Stadion is reported as more than 50,000 in the home game against 1. FC Nürnberg in the 1961–62 season.[82] In the Bundesliga era the stadium had a maximum capacity of 44,000 which was reached on several occasions, but the capacity has since been reduced to 21,272. As was the case at most of this period's stadiums, the vast majority of the stadium was given over to terracing. Today the second teams of both clubs play in the stadium.[83][84]

The Olympiastadion, home of Bayern Munich from 1972 to 2005

For the 1972 Summer Olympics the city of Munich built the Olympiastadion. The stadium, renowned for its architecture,[85] was inaugurated in the last Bundesliga match of the 1971–72 season. The match drew a capacity crowd of 79,000, a total which was reached again on numerous occasions. The stadium was, in its early days, considered to be one of the foremost stadiums in the world and played host to numerous major finals, such as that of 1974 FIFA World Cup.[86] In the following years the stadium underwent several modifications, such as an increase in seating space from approximately 50 per cent to 66 per cent. Eventually, the stadium had a capacity of 63,000 for national matches and 59,000 for international occasions such as European Cup competitions. Many people, however, began to feel that the stadium was too cold in winter, with half the audience exposed to the weather due to lack of cover. A further complaint was the distance between the spectators and the pitch, betraying the stadium's track and field heritage. Renovation proved impossible, as the architect Günther Behnisch vetoed major modifications of the stadium.[87]

Allianz Arena is lit in red for Bayern home games

After much discussion, the city of Munich, the state of Bavaria, Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich jointly decided at the end of 2000 to build a new stadium. While Bayern had wanted a purpose-built football stadium for several years, the awarding of the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany stimulated the discussion as the Olympiastadion no longer met the FIFA criteria to host a World Cup game. Located on the northern outskirts of Munich, the Allianz Arena has been in use since the beginning of the 2005–06 season.[87] Its initial capacity of 66,000 fully covered seats has since been increased for matches on national level to 69,901 by transforming 3,000 seats to terracing in a 2:1 ratio.[88] Since August 2012, 2,000 more seats were added in the last row of the top tier increasing the capacity to 71,000.[89] In January 2015, a proposal to increase the capacity was approved by the city council so now Allianz Arena has a capacity of 75,000 (70,000 in Champions League).[90]

The most prominent feature of the stadium is the translucent outer layer, which can be illuminated in different colours for impressive effects. Red lighting is used for Bayern home games and white for German national team home games.[91]

In May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.[92]

Supporters

The Fan shop at Bräuhausstraße in Munich.

At the 2018 annual general meeting, the Bayern board reported that the club had 291,000 official members and there are 4,433 officially registered fan clubs with over 390,000 members.[12] This makes the club the largest fan membership club in the world.[93] Bayern have fan clubs and supporters all over Germany. Fan club members from all over Germany and nearby Austria and Switzerland often travel more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) to Munich to attend home games at the Allianz Arena.[94] Bayern has an average of 75,000 attendees at the Allianz Arena which is at 100 per cent capacity level. Every Bundesliga game has been sold-out for years.[95] Bayern's away games have been sold out for many years.[96] According to a study by Sport+Markt Bayern is the fifth-most popular football club in Europe with 20.7 million supporters, and the most popular football club in Germany with 10 million supporters.[97]

Bayern Munich is also renowned for its well-organised ultra scene. The most prominent groups are the Schickeria München, the Inferno Bavaria, the Red Munichs '89, the Südkurve '73, the Munichmaniacs 1996, the Red Angels, and the Red Sharks. The ultras scene of Bayern Munch has been recognised for certain groups taking stance against right-wing extremism, racism and homophobia,[98][99][100] and in 2014 the group Schickeria München received the Julius Hirsch Award by the DFB for its commitment against antisemitism and discrimination.[101][102][103][104]

Stern des Südens is the song which fans sing at FCB home games. In the 1990s they also used to sing FC Bayern, Forever Number One.[105] Another notable song is Mia San Mia[lower-alpha 1] (a Bavarian variation of German "wir sind wir", translated to "We are who we are") which is a famous motto of the club as well.[107] A renowned catchphrase for the team is "Packmas" which is a Bavarian phrase for the German "Packen wir es", which means "let's do it".[108] The team's mascot is called "Berni" since 2004.[109]

The club also has quite a number of high-profile supporters, among them Pope Benedict XVI,[110] Boris Becker, Wladimir Klitschko, Horst Seehofer and Edmund Stoiber, former Minister-President of Bavaria, to name just a few.[111]

Rivalries

A Munich derby match at the Allianz Arena between Bayern and 1860 Munich in the quarter-final of the 2007–08 DFB-Pokal on 27 February 2008

Bayern is one of three professional football clubs in Munich. Bayern's main local rival is 1860 Munich, who was the more successful club in the 1950s and was controversially picked for the initial Bundesliga season in 1963, winning a cup and a championship. In the 1970s and 1980s, 1860 Munich moved between the first and the third division. The Munich derby is still a much-anticipated event, getting much extra attention from supporters of both clubs.[112] 1860 Munich is considered more working-class, and therefore suffers from a diminishing fan base in a city where the manufacturing sector is declining. Bayern is considered the establishment club,[113] which is reflected by many board members being business leaders and including the former Bavarian minister president, Edmund Stoiber. Despite the rivalry, Bayern has repeatedly supported 1860 in times of financial disarray.[113]

Since the 1920s, 1. FC Nürnberg has been Bayern's main and traditional[114] rival in Bavaria. Philipp Lahm said that playing Nürnberg is "always special" and is a "heated atmosphere".[114] Both clubs played in the same league in the mid-1920s, but in the 1920s and 1930s, Nürnberg was far more successful, winning five championships in the 1920s, making the club Germany's record champion. Bayern took over the title more than sixty years later, when they won their tenth championship in 1987, thereby surpassing the number of championships won by Nürnberg.[114][115] The duel between Bayern and Nürnberg is often referred to as the Bavarian Derby.

Bayern also enjoys a strong rivalry with the 1. FC Kaiserslautern, originating in parts from a game in 1973, when Bayern lost 7–4 after leading 4–1,[116][117] but also from the two clubs competing for German championship honours at various times in the Bundesliga as well as the city of Kaiserslautern together with the surrounding Palatinate having been part of Bavaria until a plebiscite after the end of the Second World War.

Bayern Munich won 2–1 against Borussia Dortmund to win the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League on 25 May 2013

Since the 1970s, Bayern's main rivals have been the clubs who put up the strongest fight against its national dominance. In the 1970s this was Borussia Mönchengladbach,[29] in the 1980s the category expanded to include Hamburger SV. In the 1990s, Borussia Dortmund, Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen[118][119] emerged as the most ardent opponents. Recently Borussia Dortmund, Schalke,[120] and Werder Bremen have been the main challengers in the Bundesliga. Recently, Bayern's main Bundesliga challenger has been Borussia Dortmund.[121] Bayern and Dortmund have competed against each other for many Bundesliga titles. They also have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The 2–5 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a DFB-Pokal final. Bayern and Dortmund have also played against each other in the DFL-Supercup in 1989, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020. The height of the competition between the two clubs was when Bayern defeated Dortmund 2–1 in the final of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League.

Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid,[122] A.C. Milan,[123] and Manchester United due to many classic wins, draws and losses.[118] Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 24 matches. Due to Bayern being traditionally hard to beat for Madrid, Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the "Bestia negra" ("Black Beast"). Despite the number of duels, Bayern and Real have never met in the final of a Champions League or European Cup.

Organization and finance

Bayern's former president from 1994 to 2009 and former player Franz Beckenbauer

Bayern is led mostly by former club players. From 2016 to 2019, Uli Hoeneß served as the club's president, following Karl Hopfner who had been in office from 2014; Hoeneß had resigned in 2014 after being convicted of tax fraud.[124][125] Karl-Heinz Rummenigge is the chairman of the executive board of the AG.[126] The supervisory board of nine consists mostly of managers of big German corporations. Besides the club's president and the board's chairman, they are Herbert Hainer former CEO of (Adidas), Dr. Herbert Diess chairman of (Volkswagen), Dr. Werner Zedelius senior advisor at (Allianz), Timotheus Höttges CEO of (Deutsche Telekom), Prof. Dr. Dieter Mayer, Edmund Stoiber, Theodor Weimer CEO of (Deutsche Börse), and Dr. Michael Diederich speaker of the board at (UniCredit Bank).[127][128]

Professional football at Bayern is run by the spin-off organisation FC Bayern München AG. AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft, and Bayern is run like a joint stock company, a company whose stock are not listed on the public stock exchange, but is privately owned. 75 per cent of FC Bayern München AG is owned by the club, the FC Bayern München e. V. (e. V. is short for Eingetragener Verein, which translates into "Registered Club"). Three German corporations, the sports goods manufacturer Adidas, the automobile company Audi and the financial services group Allianz each hold 8.33 per cent of the shares, 25 per cent in total.[126] Adidas acquired its shares in 2002 for €77 million. The money was designated to help finance the Allianz Arena.[129] In 2009 Audi paid €90 million for their share. The capital was used to repay the loan on the Allianz Arena.[130] And in early 2014, Allianz became the third shareholder of the company acquiring theirs share for €110 million. With the sale, Bayern paid off the remaining debt on the Allianz Arena 16 years ahead of schedule.[131] Bayern's other sports departments are run by the club.

The Bayern Munich team bus provided by their sponsor MAN

Bayern's shirt sponsor is Deutsche Telekom. Deutsche Telekom has been Bayern's shirt sponsor since the start of 2002–03 season. The company extended their sponsorship deal in August 2015 until the end of the 2022–23 season.[132] Bayern's kit sponsor is Adidas. Adidas have been Bayern's kit sponsor since 1974. Adidas extended their sponsorship with Bayern on 29 April 2015. The sponsorship deal runs until the end of the 2029–30 season.[133] The premium partners are Audi, Allianz, HypoVereinsbank, Goodyear, Qatar Airways, Siemens, Paulaner Brewery, SAP, DHL, Hamad International Airport and Tipico. Gold sponsors are Coca-Cola, MAN, Procter & Gamble. Classic sponsors are Apple Music, Bayern 3, Beats Electronics, EA Sports, Gigaset, Hugo Boss, Courtyard by Marriott, Veuve Clicquot, and Adelholzener.[134] In previous years the jersey rights were held by Adidas[135] (1974–78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco[136] (1978–84), Commodore[137] (1984–89) and Opel[138] (1989–2002).

Bayern is an exception in professional football, having generated profits for 27 consecutive years.[12] Other clubs often report losses, realising transfers via loans, whereas Bayern always uses current assets. In the 2019 edition of the Deloitte Football Money League Bayern had the fourth highest revenue in club football, generating revenue of €629.2 million. Bayern differs from other European top clubs in their income composition. The top 20 European football clubs earned 43 per cent of revenue, on average, from broadcasting rights. Bayern earned only 28 per cent of their revenue that way. Bayern had the second highest commercial revenue in the 2019 Deloitte Football Money League, behind only Real Madrid. Bayern's commercial revenue was €348.7 million (55 per cent of total revenue). In contrast, Bayern's Matchday revenue trails other top clubs at €103.8 million (17 per cent of their total revenue).[139]

While other European clubs have mainly marketed to international audiences, Bayern had focused on Germany.[140] In recent years Bayern have started to focus their marketing more on Asia and the United States. Bayern made summer tours to the United States in 2014 and 2016. Bayern went to China in the summer of 2015 and returned in the summer of 2017 where they also played games in Singapore. In August 2014 Bayern opened an office in New York City as the club wants to strengthen their brand positioning against other top European clubs in the United States.[141] In March 2017, Bayern was the first foreign football club to open an office in mainland China. Bayern hope to attract new sponsors and to increase their merchandising sales. In 2017, Forbes ranks Bayern as the world's fourth-most valuable football club in their annual list, estimating the club's value at €2.5 billion.[142]

As a result of Bayern's appearance in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, the club's brand value has reached US$786 million, up 59 per cent from the previous year. Among European teams, this is ahead of Real Madrid's US$600 million and behind first-placed Manchester United, whose brand is valued at US$853 million. In 2013, Bayern overtook Manchester United to take first place in brand valuation.[143]

Bayern's financial report for the 2018–19 season reported revenue of €750.4 million and an operating profit of €146.1 million. Post-tax profits were €52.5 million which meant that this was Bayern's 27th consecutive year with a profit.[12]

Social engagement and charity

Bayern has been involved with charitable ventures for a long time, helping other football clubs in financial disarray as well as ordinary people in misery. In the wake of the 2004 Tsunami the "FC Bayern – Hilfe e.V." was founded, a foundation that aims to concentrate the social engagements of the club.[144] At its inception this venture was funded with €600,000, raised by officials and players of the club.[145] The money was amongst other things used to build a school in Marathenkerny, Sri Lanka[145] and to rebuild the area of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. In April 2007 it was decided that the focus of the foundation would shift towards supporting people in need locally.[144]

The club has also time and again shown to have a soft spot for clubs in financial disarray. Repeatedly the club has supported its local rival 1860 Munich with gratuitous friendlies, transfers at favourable rates, and direct money transfers.[146] Also when St. Pauli threatened to lose its licence for professional football due to financial problems, Bayern met the club for a friendly game free of any charge, giving all revenues to St. Pauli.[147] More recently when Mark van Bommel's home club Fortuna Sittard was in financial distress Bayern came to a charity game at the Dutch club.[148] Another well known example was the transfer of Alexander Zickler in 1993 from Dynamo Dresden. When Bayern picked up Zickler for 2.3 Million DM many considered the sum to be a subvention for the financially threatened Dresdeners.[149] In 2003, Bayern provided a €2 Million loan without collateral to the nearly bankrupt Borussia Dortmund which has since been repaid.[150][151][152] On 14 July 2013, Bayern played a charity game against financially threatened third division Hansa Rostock. The game raised about €1 million, securing Hansa's licence.[153] On 30 August 2017, Bayern played a benefit match against financial troubled Kickers Offenbach. All the revenue from the match went to Kickers Offenbach. Bayern's chairman, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge said, "Kickers Offenbach are a club with a rich tradition, they've always been an important club in Germany, so we'll gladly help them with a benefit match."[154] On 27 May 2019, Bayern played a benefit match against 1. FC Kaiserslautern. The match was played so Kaiserslautern could secure their licence to play in the German third division. All income from the match went to Kaiserslautern.[155] "1. FC Kaiserslautern are one of Germany's biggest traditional clubs," Bayern's chairman, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge said. "For many years there were intense, and in retrospect also legendary, Bayern matches at Kaiserslautern. Football is all about emotions and sporting rivalries, but also about solidarity. That's why we're happy to help and hope 1. FC Kaiserslautern can once again gain promotion back to the Bundesliga in the foreseeable future."[156]

In March 2020, Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, RB Leipzig, and Bayer Leverkusen, the four German UEFA Champions League teams for the 2019/20 season, collectively gave €20 million to Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams that were struggling financially during the COVID-19 pandemic.[157]

In mid 2013, Bayern was the first club to give financial support to the Magnus Hirschfeld National Foundation. The foundation researches the living environment LGBT people, and developed an education concept to facilitate unbiased dealing with LGBT themes in football.[158]

In 2016, FC Bayern received[159] the Nine Values Cup, an award of the international children's social programme Football for Friendship.

Training facility

Entrance of Bayern Munich Headquarters

FC Bayern Munich headquarters and training facility is called Säbener Straße and it is located in the Untergiesing-Harlaching borough of Munich. The first team and the reserve team train at the facility.[160] There are five grass pitches, two of which have undersoil heating, two artificial grass fields, a beach volleyball court and a multi-functional sports hall.[161]

FC Bayern Football pitch (training only)

The players' quarters opened in 1990 and were reconstructed after the 2007–08 season on suggestions by then new coach, Jürgen Klinsmann, who took inspiration from various major sports clubs. The quarters are now called the performance centre and feature a weights and fitness area, a massage unit, dressing rooms, the coaches' office, and a conference room with screening facilities for video analysis. A café, a library, an e-Learning room, and a family room are also included.

Until August 2017, the Youth House was located at the headquarters at Säbener Straße. The Youth House housed up to 14 young talents aged from 15 to 18 years old from outside of Munich. Former residents of the Youth House include Bastian Schweinsteiger, David Alaba, Owen Hargreaves, Michael Rensing, Holger Badstuber and Emre Can.

In 2006, Bayern purchased land near the Allianz Arena with the purpose of building a new youth academy. In 2015 the project, estimated to cost €70 million, was started, after overcoming internal resistance. The main reasons for the project were that the existing facilities were too small and that the club, while very successful at senior level, lacked competitiveness with other German and European clubs at youth level. The new facility was scheduled to open in the 2017–18 season.[162] On 21 August 2017 the FC Bayern Campus opened at a cost of €70 million. The campus is located north of Munich at Ingolstädter Straße. The campus is 30 hectare and has 8 football pitches for youth teams from the U-9s to the U-19s and the women's and girls' teams. The campus also has a 2,500-capacity stadium where the U-17s and the U-19s play their matches. The Allianz FC Bayern Akademie is located on the campus site and the academy has 35 apartments for young talents who don't live in the Greater Munich area. The academy building also has offices for youth coaches and staff.[163]

Honours

Bayern is historically the most successful team in German football, as they have won the most championships and the most cups. They are also Germany's most successful team in international competitions, having won thirteen trophies. Bayern is one of only five clubs to have won all three major European competitions and was also the last club to have won three consecutive European Cup titles in the old straight knockout tournament format, entitling them to wear a multiple-winner badge during Champions League matches.

The three consecutive European Cup trophies won by FC Bayern Munich from 1974 to 1976. The one on the far right is the real trophy, given to Bayern permanently. The ones on the left are slightly smaller replicas.

Domestic

German Champions/Bundesliga

• Winners: (30) 1932, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20 (record)

DFB-Pokal

• Winners: (20) 1956–57, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2018–19, 2019–20 (record)

DFB/DFL-Supercup

• Winners: 1987, 1990, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 (record)

DFL-Ligapokal

• Winners: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007 (record)

European

UEFA Champions League / European Cup

• Winners: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 2000–01, 2012–13, 2019–20

UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup

• Winners: 1995–96

UEFA/European Cup Winners' Cup

• Winners: 1966–67

UEFA/European Super Cup

• Winners: 2013, 2020

Worldwide

Intercontinental Cup

• Winners: 1976, 2001

FIFA Club World Cup

• Winners: 2013

Trebles

Bayern Munich is the only European team to have completed all available Trebles (continental treble, domestic treble and European treble).[164]

• Treble
  • Continental treble (Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, UEFA Champions League)
    • 2012–13, 2019–20
  • European treble (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, European Cup, UEFA Cup)
    • 1966–67 European Cup Winners' Cup, 1973–74 European Cup, 1995–96 UEFA Cup
  • Domestic treble (Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, DFL-Ligapokal)
    • 1999–2000

The football competitions which consist of a single match involving only two teams (for example, the UEFA Super Cup or DFL Supercup) are generally not counted as part of a treble.

Players

Squad

As of 31 January 2021[165]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  GER Manuel Neuer (captain)[166] 4 DF  GER Niklas Süle 5 DF  FRA Benjamin Pavard 6 DF  GER Joshua Kimmich 7 FW  GER Serge Gnabry 8 MF  ESP Javi Martínez 9 FW  POL Robert Lewandowski 10 FW  GER Leroy Sané 11 FW  BRA Douglas Costa (on loan from Juventus) 13 FW  CMR Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting 17 DF  GER Jérôme Boateng 18 MF  GER Leon Goretzka 19 DF  CAN Alphonso Davies

No. Pos. Nation Player 20 DF  FRA Bouna Sarr 21 DF  FRA Lucas Hernandez 22 MF  ESP Marc Roca 23 DF  FRA Tanguy Nianzou 24 MF  FRA Corentin Tolisso 25 FW  GER Thomas Müller (vice-captain)[166] 27 DF  AUT David Alaba 28 MF  POR Tiago Dantas (on loan from Benfica) 29 FW  FRA Kingsley Coman 35 GK  GER Alexander Nübel 39 GK  GER Ron-Thorben Hoffmann 42 MF  ENG Jamal Musiala

Other players with first-team appearances

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 15 FW  GER Fiete Arp 38 MF  LVA Daniels Ontužāns

No. Pos. Nation Player — MF  NZL Sarpreet Singh

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 14 FW  NED Joshua Zirkzee (at Parma until 30 June 2021) 30 MF  GER Adrian Fein (at PSV until 30 June 2021) 33 DF  GER Lars Lukas Mai (at SV Darmstadt until 30 June 2021) 34 FW  GER Oliver Batista Meier (at SC Heerenveen until 30 June 2021) 36 GK  GER Christian Früchtl (at 1. FC Nürnberg until 30 June 2021)

No. Pos. Nation Player 41 DF  USA Chris Richards (at Hoffenheim until 30 June 2021) 45 FW  GER Leon Dajaku (at 1. FC Union Berlin until 30 June 2021) — MF  FRA Michaël Cuisance (at Marseille until 30 June 2021)

Notable past players

Maier Augenthaler Schwarzenbeck Beckenbauer Breitner Scholl Effenberg Matthäus K. Rummenigge Élber G. Müller

The "Greatest Ever" squad chosen by more than 79,901 fans, in 2005. The coach chosen was Ottmar Hitzfeld.[167]

At his farewell game, Oliver Kahn was declared honorary captain of Bayern Munich.[168] The players below are part of the FC Bayern Munich Hall of Fame.[169]

1930s

• Conrad Heidkamp (DF)

1970s:

• Franz Beckenbauer (DF)
• Gerd Müller (FW)
• Uli Hoeneß (FW)
• Paul Breitner (MF)
• Sepp Maier (GK)
• Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck (DF)
• Franz Roth (MF)

1980s:

• Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (FW)
• Klaus Augenthaler (DF)

1990s:

• Lothar Matthäus (MF/DF)
• Stefan Effenberg (MF)

2000s:

• Oliver Kahn (GK)
• Mehmet Scholl (MF)
• Bixente Lizarazu (DF)
• Giovane Élber (FW)

2010s:

• Philipp Lahm (DF)
• Bastian Schweinsteiger (MF)[170]

Captains

Years	Captain
1965	Adolf Kunstwadl (DF)
1965–1970	Werner Olk (DF)
1970–1977	Franz Beckenbauer (DF)
1977–1979	Sepp Maier (GK)
1979	Gerd Müller (FW)
1979–1980	Georg Schwarzenbeck (DF)
1980–1983	Paul Breitner (MF)
1983–1984	Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (FW)
1984–1991	Klaus Augenthaler (DF)
1991–1994	Raimond Aumann (GK)
1994–1997	Lothar Matthäus (MF/DF)
1997–1999	Thomas Helmer (DF)
1999–2002	Stefan Effenberg (MF)
2002–2008	Oliver Kahn (GK)
2008–2011	Mark van Bommel (MF)
2011–2017	Philipp Lahm (DF)
2017–	Manuel Neuer (GK)

Retired numbers

12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man)

Coaches

Current staff

As of 7 May 2020[171]

Coaching staff
Hans-Dieter Flick	Head coach
Miroslav Klose	Assistant coach
Hermann Gerland	Assistant coach
Toni Tapalović	Goalkeeping coach
Tom Starke	Goalkeeping coach
Analysis department
Danny Röhl	Head Analyst
Michael Niemeyer	Match Analyst
Fitness coaches
Prof. Dr. Holger Broich	Scientific Director & Head of Fitness
Simon Martinello	Fitness Coach
Peter Schlösser	Fitness Coach
Thomas Wilhelmi	Rehabilitation coach
Medical department
Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt	Team doctor and director of the medical department
Prof. Dr. Roland Schmidt	Internist, cardiologist
Dr. Jochen Hahne	Team doctor
Dr. Peter Ueblacker	Team doctor
Helmut Erhard	Head Physiotherapist
Gianni Bianchi	Physiotherapist
Florian Brandner	Physiotherapist
Gerry Hoffmann	Physiotherapist
Christian Huhn	Physiotherapist
Stephan Weickert	Physiotherapist
Sport management and organisation
Kathleen Krüger	Team manager

Coaches since 1963

Bayern have had 19 coaches since its promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965. Udo Lattek, Giovanni Trapattoni and Ottmar Hitzfeld served two terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker, while Jupp Heynckes had four separate spells as coach, including one as caretaker.[172] Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundesliga titles, two DFB cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign.

On 3 November 2019 Bayern sacked Niko Kovač after a 5–1 loss to Eintracht Frankfurt and appointed Hansi Flick as coach. Initially Flick was installed as caretaker coach only, however on 15 November after Flick's team had won 4–0 against Borussia Dortmund, Bayern announced that Flick would be in charge at least until Christmas 2019.[173] Later on, Flick signed a new contract until 2023.[69]

No.	Coach	Period			Major Titles	Domestic				European				Worldwide
		from	until	days		BL	DP	LP	SC	CL	EL	SC	WC	ICC	CWC
1	Zlatko Čajkovski	1 July 1963	30 June 1968	1,826	3	–	2	–	–	–	–	–	1	–	–
2	Branko Zebec	1 July 1968	13 March 1970	620	2	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
3	Udo Lattek	14 March 1970	2 January 1975	1,755	5	3	1	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–
4	Dettmar Cramer	16 January 1975	30 November 1977	1,049	3	–	–	–	–	2	–	–	–	1	–
5	Gyula Lóránt	2 December 1977	18 December 1978	453	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
6	Pál Csernai	19 December 1979	16 May 1983	1,537	3	2	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
7	Reinhard Saftig (caretaker)	17 May 1983	30 June 1983	44	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
8	Udo Lattek	1 July 1983	30 June 1987	1,460	5	3	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
9	Jupp Heynckes	1 July 1987	8 October 1991	1,560	4	2	–	–	2	–	–	–	–	–	–
10	Søren Lerby	9 October 1991	10 March 1992	153	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
11	Erich Ribbeck	11 March 1992	27 December 1993	656	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
12	Franz Beckenbauer	28 December 1993	30 June 1994	184	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
13	Giovanni Trapattoni	1 July 1994	30 June 1995	364	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
14	Otto Rehhagel	1 July 1995	27 April 1996	301	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
15	Franz Beckenbauer (caretaker)	29 April 1996	30 June 1996	62	1	–	–	–	–	–	1	–	–	–	–
16	Giovanni Trapattoni	1 July 1996	30 June 1998	729	3	1	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
17	Ottmar Hitzfeld	1 July 1998	30 June 2004	2,191	11	4	2	3	–	1	–	–	–	1	–
18	Felix Magath	1 July 2004	31 January 2007	944	5	2	2	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
19	Ottmar Hitzfeld	1 February 2007	30 June 2008	515	3	1	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
20	Jürgen Klinsmann	1 July 2008	27 April 2009	300	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
21	Jupp Heynckes (caretaker)	28 April 2009	30 June 2009	63	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
22	Louis van Gaal	1 July 2009	9 April 2011	647	3	1	1	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
23	Andries Jonker (caretaker)	10 April 2011	30 June 2011	81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
24	Jupp Heynckes	1 July 2011	30 June 2013	730	4	1	1	–	1	1	–	–	–	–	–
25	Pep Guardiola[174][175]	1 July 2013	30 June 2016	1,095	7	3	2	–	–	–	–	1	–	–	1
26	Carlo Ancelotti	1 July 2016	28 September 2017	454	3	1	–	–	2	–	–	–	–	–	–
27	Willy Sagnol (caretaker)	29 September 2017	8 October 2017	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
28	Jupp Heynckes	9 October 2017	1 July 2018	265	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
29	Niko Kovač	1 July 2018	3 November 2019	490	3	1	1	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
30	Hansi Flick	3 November 2019	present	459	5	1	1	–	1	1	–	1	–	–	–

Current board

Executive board chairman Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

Supervisory board

Members	Notes	Source
Herbert Hainer	President FC Bayern Munich e.V. and chairman of the board	[176]
Uli Hoeneß	First deputy supervisory board chairman, honorary president FC Bayern Munich e.V.	[176]
Dr. Herbert Diess	Second deputy supervisory board chairman and Volkswagen AG chairman	[128]
Dr. Werner Zedelius	Third deputy supervisory board chairman and Allianz SE board member	[128]
Timotheus Höttges	Deutsche Telekom AG chairman	[128]
Dr. Theodor Weimer	Deutsche Börse AG chairman	[128]
Dr. Edmund Stoiber	Former Minister-President of Bavaria, Bayern Munich e.V. advisory board chairman	[128]
Dr. Michael Diederich	speaker of the board at UniCredit Bank AG	[128]
Prof. Dr. Dieter Mayer	senior vice-president FC Bayern Munich e.V.	[128]

Executive board

Members	Position	Source
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	Chairman	[177]
Hasan Salihamidžić	Executive board member (Board director of sport)	[177]
Jan-Christian Dreesen	Executive board member (Finance)	[177]
Andreas Jung	Executive board member (Marketing)	[177]
Jörg Wacker	Executive board member (Strategy)	[177]
Oliver Kahn	Executive board member	[177]

Other departments

Reserve team

The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team. The second team is coached by Sebastian Hoeneß.[178] The second team play in the 3. Liga for the 2019–20 season. Since the inception of the Regionalliga in 1994, the team played in the Regionalliga Süd, after playing in the Oberliga since 1978. In the 2007–08 season they qualified for the newly founded 3. Liga, where they lasted until 2011 when they were relegated to the Regionalliga. This ended 33 consecutive years of playing in the highest league that the German Football Association permits the second team of a professional football team to play.[43][179]

Junior teams

The youth academy has produced some of Europe's top football players, including Thomas Hitzlsperger, Owen Hargreaves, Philipp Lahm, Bastian Schweinsteiger and Thomas Müller. On 1 August 2017, the FC Bayern Campus became the new home of the youth teams. It consists of ten teams, with the youngest being under 9.[180][181] Jochen Sauer is the FC Bayern Campus director and Bayern legend coach Hermann Gerland is the sporting director.

FC Bayern Football School Qingdao, China

Women's team

The women's football department consists of five teams, including a professional team, a reserve team, and two youth teams. The women's first team, which is led by head coach Thomas Wörle, features several members of the German national youth team. In the 2008–09 season the team finished second in the women's Bundesliga. The division was founded in 1970 and consists of four teams with 90 players. Their greatest successes were winning the championships in 1976, 2015 and 2016.[182] In the 2011–12 season on 12 May 2012, FC Bayern Munich dethroned the German Cup title holders 1. FFC Frankfurt with a 2–0 in the 2011–12 final in Cologne and celebrated the biggest success of the club's history since winning the championship in 1976. In 2015 they won the Bundesliga for the first time, without any defeat. They won the 2015–16 Bundesliga, for the second consecutive time.[183]

Senior football

The senior football department was founded in 2002, making it the youngest division of the club, and consists of five teams. The division is intended to enable senior athletes to participate in the various senior citizen competitions in Munich.[184]

AllStars

The FC Bayern AllStars were founded in summer 2006, and consists of former Bayern players, including Klaus Augenthaler, Raimond Aumann, Andreas Brehme, Paul Breitner, Hans Pflügler, Stefan Reuter, Paulo Sérgio, and Olaf Thon. The team is coached by Wolfgang Dremmler, and plays matches with other senior teams around the world. For organisational reasons, the team can only play a limited number of games annually.[185]

Other sports

Bayern has other departments for a variety of sports.[13]

Basketball

The basketball department was founded in 1946, and currently contains 26 teams, including four men's teams, three women's teams, sixteen youth teams, and three senior teams. The men's team are three-time German champions, having won in 1954, 1955, and 2014. The team also won the German Basketball Cup in 1968. The team plays its home games at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, located in the Sendling-Westpark borough of Munich.[186][187]

Bowling

The bowling department emerged from SKC Real-Isaria in 1983 and currently consists of five teams. Directly next to the well-known club building of the football department, the team plays at the bowling alley of the Münchner Kegler-Verein. The first team plays in the second highest division of the Münchner Spielklasse Bezirksliga.[188][189]

Chess

The department was created in 1908, and consists of nine teams, including seven men's teams and two women's teams. The men's team, which currently plays in the Chess Bundesliga following promotion in 2013 from the 2. Bundesliga Ost, was nine-time German Champion from 1983 to 1995. The team also won the European Chess Club Cup in 1992. The women play in the 2. Bundesliga, with their biggest success being the rise to the league in 2002.[190][191][192]

Handball

Logo of the handball department

The handball department was founded in 1945, and consists of thirteen teams, including three men's teams, two women's teams, five boys teams, two girls teams, and a mixed youth team. The first men's team plays in the Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern, while the women's first teams plays in the Bezirksliga Oberbayern.[193][194]

Referees

The refereeing department was established in 1919 and is currently the largest football refereeing division in Europe, with 110 referees, with 2 of them women. The referees mainly officiate amateur games in the local Munich leagues.[195][196]

Table tennis

The table tennis department was founded in 1946 and currently has 220 members. The club currently has fourteen teams, including eight men's teams, a women's team, three youth teams, and two children teams. The women's first team is currently playing in the Landesliga Süd/Ost, while the men's first team plays in the 3. Bundesliga Süd. The focus of the department is on youth support.[197][198]

Baseball

The baseball division existed during the 1960s and 1970s, during which the team won two German championships, in 1962 and 1969.

Ice hockey

From 1966 to 1969 there existed an ice hockey team, which completed two seasons in the Eishockey-Bundesliga.

In the summer of 1965 the Münchner Eislauf Verein negotiated with Bayern Munich about joining the club. Although the talks came to nothing the ice hockey department of Münchner Eislauf Verein decided to join Bayern –mid-season– in January 1966. The team finished the season under the name of Bayern Munich in third place of the second-tier Oberliga. The following season Bayern achieved promotion to the Bundesliga where the club stayed for two seasons. However, in 1969 the club disbanded the department and sold the hockey team to Augsburger EV, citing lack of local support and difficulty in recruiting players as reasons.[199]

Gymnastics

The gymnastics department was founded in 1974 and were most successful in the 1980s. During this time, the team won four German championships in 1983, 1986, 1987, and 1988. In 2014, the division was dissolved.

Literature

• Hüetlin, Thomas: Gute Freunde. Die wahre Geschichte des FC Bayern München. Blessing, München 2006, ISBN 3-89667-254-1.
• Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich: Der FC Bayern und seine Juden. Aufstieg und Zerschlagung einer liberalen Fußballkultur. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-89533-781-9.[200]
• Bausenwein, Christoph, Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich: FC Bayern München. Unser Verein, unsere Geschichte. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-89533-894-6.

Notes

1. Mia San Mia is a phrase originated in the 19th century Austro-Hungarian Empire, later used by German politician Franz Josef Strauss, chairman of the Christian Social Union (CSU), before being adopted by Bayern during the 1980s.[106]

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External links

• Official website (German, Japanese, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, and Arabic versions also available)
• Yearly record in the Bundesliga