Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London. Founded in 1905, the club competes in the Premier League, the top division of English football. Chelsea are among England's most successful clubs, having won over thirty competitive honours, including six league titles and six European trophies. Their home ground is Stamford Bridge.[4]

This article is about the men's football club. For the women's football club, see Chelsea F.C. Women. For other uses, see Chelsea (disambiguation).

Chelsea
Full nameChelsea Football Club
Nickname(s)The Blues, The Pensioners[1]
Short nameCFC, CHE
Founded10 March 1905 (1905-03-10)[2]
GroundStamford Bridge
Capacity40,834[3]
Coordinates51°28′54″N 0°11′28″W
OwnerRoman Abramovich
ChairmanBruce Buck
Head coachThomas Tuchel
LeaguePremier League
2019–20Premier League, 4th of 20
WebsiteClub website

Chelsea won their first major honour, the League championship, in 1955. The club won the FA Cup for the first time in 1970 and their first European honour, the Cup Winners' Cup, in 1971. After a period of decline in the late 1970s and 1980s, the club enjoyed a revival in the 1990s and had more success in cup competitions. The past two decades have been the most successful in Chelsea's history: they won five Premier League titles and both the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League during this period.[5] Chelsea are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA's main club competitions, the first English club to achieve the UEFA treble, and the only London club to have won the Champions League.

Chelsea's home kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks. The club's crest features a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff.[6] The club has rivalries with neighbouring teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, and a historic rivalry with Leeds United. Based on attendance figures, the club has the sixth-largest fanbase in England.[7] In terms of club value, Chelsea are the sixth most valuable football club in the world, worth £2.13 billion ($2.576 billion), and are the eighth highest-earning football club in the world, with earnings of over €428 million in the 2017–18 season.[8][9] Since 2003, Chelsea have been owned by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich.[10]

History
Main article: History of Chelsea F.C.
The first Chelsea team in September 1905

In 1904, Gus Mears acquired the Stamford Bridge athletics stadium with the aim of turning it into a football ground. An offer to lease it to nearby Fulham was turned down, so Mears opted to found his own club to use the stadium. As there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea was chosen for the new club; names like Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC were also considered.[11] Chelsea were founded on 10 March 1905 at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook),[2][12] opposite the present-day main entrance to the ground on Fulham Road, and were elected to the Football League shortly afterwards.

Chelsea won promotion to the First Division in their second season, and yo-yoed between the First and Second Divisions in their early years. They reached the 1915 FA Cup Final, where they lost to Sheffield United at Old Trafford, and finished third in the First Division in 1920, the club's best league campaign to that point.[13] Chelsea had a reputation for signing star players[14] and attracted large crowds. The club had the highest average attendance in English football in ten separate seasons[15] including 1907–08,[16] 1909–10,[17] 1911–12,[18] 1912–13,[19] 1913–14[20] and 1919–20.[21] [22] They were FA Cup semi-finalists in 1920 and 1932 and remained in the First Division throughout the 1930s, but success eluded the club in the inter-war years.

Former Arsenal and England centre-forward Ted Drake was appointed manager in 1952 and proceeded to modernise the club. He removed the club's Chelsea pensioner crest, improved the youth set-up and training regime, rebuilt the side with shrewd signings from the lower divisions and amateur leagues, and led Chelsea to their first major trophy success – the League championship – in 1954–55. The following season saw UEFA create the European Champions' Cup, but after objections from The Football League and the FA, Chelsea were persuaded to withdraw from the competition before it started.[23] Chelsea failed to build on this success, and spent the remainder of the 1950s in mid-table. Drake was dismissed in 1961 and replaced by player-coach Tommy Docherty.

Chart showing the progress of Chelsea's league finishes from 1906 to the present

Docherty built a new team around the group of talented young players emerging from the club's youth set-up, and Chelsea challenged for honours throughout the 1960s, enduring several near-misses. They were on course for a treble of League, FA Cup and League Cup going into the final stages of the 1964–65 season, winning the League Cup but faltering late on in the other two.[24] In three seasons the side were beaten in three major semi-finals and were FA Cup runners-up. Under Docherty's successor, Dave Sexton, Chelsea won the FA Cup in 1970, beating Leeds United 2–1 in a final replay. The following year, Chelsea took their first European honour, a UEFA Cup Winners' Cup triumph, with another replayed win, this time over Real Madrid in Athens.

The late 1970s through to the '80s was a turbulent period for Chelsea. An ambitious redevelopment of Stamford Bridge threatened the financial stability of the club,[25] star players were sold and the team were relegated. Further problems were caused by a notorious hooligan element among the support, which was to plague the club throughout the decade.[26] In 1982, Chelsea were, at the nadir of their fortunes, acquired by Ken Bates for the nominal sum of £1, although by now the Stamford Bridge freehold had been sold to property developers, meaning the club faced losing their home.[27] On the pitch, the team had fared little better, coming close to relegation to the Third Division for the first time, but in 1983 manager John Neal put together an impressive new team for minimal outlay. Chelsea won the Second Division title in 1983–84 and established themselves in the top division with two top-six finishes, before being relegated again in 1988. The club bounced back immediately by winning the Second Division championship in 1988–89.

Chelsea players celebrate their first UEFA Champions League title against Bayern Munich (2012).

After a long-running legal battle, Bates reunited the stadium freehold with the club in 1992 by doing a deal with the banks of the property developers, who had been bankrupted by a market crash.[28] Chelsea's form in the new Premier League was unconvincing, although they did reach the 1994 FA Cup Final. The appointment of Ruud Gullit as player-manager in 1996 began an upturn in the team's fortunes. He added several top international players to the side and led the club to their first major honour since 1971, the FA Cup. Gullit was replaced by Gianluca Vialli, whose reign saw Chelsea win the League Cup, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup in 1998, and the FA Cup in 2000. They also mounted a strong title challenge in 1998–99, finishing four points behind champions Manchester United, and made their first appearance in the UEFA Champions League. Vialli was sacked in favour of Claudio Ranieri, who guided Chelsea to the 2002 FA Cup Final and Champions League qualification in 2002–03.

In July 2003, Bates sold Chelsea to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich for £140 million.[10] Over £100 million was spent on new players, but Ranieri was unable to deliver any trophies,[29] and was replaced by José Mourinho.[30] Under Mourinho, Chelsea became the fifth English team to win back-to-back league championships since the Second World War (2004–05 and 2005–06),[31] in addition to winning an FA Cup (2007) and two League Cups (2005 and 2007). After a poor start to the 2007–2008 season, Mourinho was replaced by Avram Grant,[32] who led the club to their first UEFA Champions League final, which they lost on penalties to Manchester United.

In 2009, under caretaker manager Guus Hiddink, Chelsea won another FA Cup.[33] In 2009–10, his successor Carlo Ancelotti led them to their first Premier League and FA Cup Double, also becoming the first English top-flight club to score 100 league goals in a season since 1963.[34] In 2012, Roberto Di Matteo led Chelsea to their seventh FA Cup,[35] and their first UEFA Champions League title, beating Bayern Munich 4–3 on penalties, the first London club to win the trophy.[36] The following year the club won the UEFA Europa League,[37] making them the first club to hold two major European titles simultaneously and one of five clubs to have won the three main UEFA trophies.[38] Mourinho returned as manager in 2013 and led Chelsea to League Cup success in March 2015,[39] and the Premier League title two months later.[40] Mourinho was sacked after four months of the following season after a poor start.[41] In 2017, under new coach Antonio Conte, Chelsea won their sixth English title and the following season won their eighth FA Cup.[42] In 2018 Conte was sacked after a 5th-place finish and replaced with Maurizio Sarri,[43][44] under whom Chelsea reached the League Cup final, which they lost on penalties to Manchester City[45] and won the Europa League for a second time, beating Arsenal 4–1 in the final. Sarri then left the club to become manager of Juventus and was then replaced by former Chelsea player Frank Lampard.[46] In Lampard's first season he guided Chelsea to 4th place in the Premier League and reached the FA Cup final, losing 2–1 to Arsenal.[47] On 25 January 2021, Chelsea announced to have parted ways with the head coach Frank Lampard.[48]

Stadium
Main article: Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge, West Stand

Chelsea have only had one home ground, Stamford Bridge, where they have played since the team's foundation. It was officially opened on 28 April 1877 and for the first 28 years of its existence, it was used almost exclusively by the London Athletic Club as an arena for athletics meetings and not at all for football. In 1904 the ground was acquired by businessman Gus Mears and his brother Joseph, who had also purchased nearby land (formerly a large market garden) with the aim of staging football matches on the now 12.5 acre (51,000 m2) site.[49] Stamford Bridge was designed for the Mears family by the noted football architect Archibald Leitch, who had also designed Ibrox, Craven Cottage and Hampden Park.[50] Most football clubs were founded first, and then sought grounds in which to play, but Chelsea were founded for Stamford Bridge.

Starting with an open bowl-like design and one grandstand with seating, Stamford Bridge had an original capacity of around 100,000, making it the second biggest stadium in England after Crystal Palace.[49] The early 1930s saw the construction of a terrace on the southern part of the ground with a roof that covered around one fifth of the stand. As the roof resembled that of a corrugated iron shed, the stand eventually became known as the "Shed End", although it is unknown who first coined this name. Starting in the 1960s, it became known as the home of Chelsea's most loyal and vocal supporters.[49] In 1939, another small seated stand was added, the North Stand, which remained until its demolition in 1975.[49]

In the early 1970s, the club's owners announced a modernisation of Stamford Bridge with plans for a state-of-the-art 50,000 all-seater stadium.[49] Work began in 1972 but the project was beset with problems and ultimately only the East Stand was completed; the cost brought the club close to bankruptcy, culminating in the freehold being sold to property developers. Following a long legal battle, it was not until the mid-1990s that Chelsea's future at the stadium was secured and renovation work resumed.[49] The north, west and southern parts of the ground were converted into all-seater stands and moved closer to the pitch, a process completed by 2001. The East Stand was retained from the 1970s development. In 1996, the north stand was renamed the Matthew Harding stand, after the club director and benefactor who was killed in a helicopter crash earlier that year.[51]

Chelsea vs. West Bromwich Albion at Stamford Bridge on 23 September 1905; Chelsea won 1–0.

When Stamford Bridge was redeveloped in the Bates era many additional features were added to the complex including two Millennium & Copthorne hotels, apartments, bars, restaurants, the Chelsea Megastore, and an interactive visitor attraction called Chelsea World of Sport. The intention was that these facilities would provide extra revenue to support the football side of the business, but they were less successful than hoped and before the Abramovich takeover in 2003 the debt taken on to finance them was a major burden on the club. Soon after the takeover a decision was taken to drop the "Chelsea Village" brand and refocus on Chelsea as a football club. However, the stadium is sometimes still referred to as part of "Chelsea Village" or "The Village".

The Stamford Bridge freehold, the pitch, the turnstiles and Chelsea's naming rights are now owned by Chelsea Pitch Owners, a non-profit organisation in which fans are the shareholders. The CPO was created to ensure the stadium could never again be sold to developers. As a condition for using the Chelsea FC name, the club has to play its first team matches at Stamford Bridge, which means that if the club moves to a new stadium, they may have to change their name.[52] Chelsea's training ground is located in Cobham, Surrey. Chelsea moved to Cobham in 2004. Their previous training ground in Harlington was taken over by QPR in 2005.[53] The new training facilities in Cobham were completed in 2007.[54]

Aerial view of present-day Stamford Bridge

Stamford Bridge hosted the FA Cup Final from 1920 to 1922,[55] has held ten FA Cup Semi-finals (most recently in 1978), ten FA Charity Shield matches (the last in 1970), and three England international matches, the last in 1932; it was also the venue for an unofficial Victory International in 1946.[56] The 2013 UEFA Women's Champions League Final was played at Stamford Bridge as well.[57] The stadium has also been used for a variety of other sports. In October 1905 it hosted a rugby union match between the All Blacks and Middlesex,[58] and in 1914 hosted a baseball match between the touring New York Giants and the Chicago White Sox.[59] It was the venue for a boxing match between world flyweight champion Jimmy Wilde and Joe Conn in 1918.[60] The running track was used for dirt track racing between 1928 and 1932,[61] greyhound racing from 1933 to 1968, and Midget car racing in 1948.[62] In 1980, Stamford Bridge hosted the first international floodlit cricket match in the UK, between Essex and the West Indies.[63] It was also the home stadium of the London Monarchs American Football team for the 1997 season.[64]

The current club ownership have stated that a larger stadium is necessary in order for Chelsea to stay competitive with rival clubs who have significantly larger stadia, such as Arsenal and Manchester United.[65] Owing to its location next to a main road and two railway lines, fans can only enter Stamford Bridge via the Fulham Road exits, which places constraints on expansion due to health and safety regulations.[66] The club have consistently affirmed their desire to keep Chelsea at their current home,[67][68] but have nonetheless been linked with a move to various nearby sites, including the Earls Court Exhibition Centre, Battersea Power Station and the Chelsea Barracks.[69] In October 2011, a proposal from the club to buy back the freehold to the land on which Stamford Bridge sits was voted down by Chelsea Pitch Owners shareholders.[70] In May 2012, the club made a formal bid to purchase Battersea Power Station, with a view to developing the site into a new stadium,[71] but lost out to a Malaysian consortium.[72] The club subsequently announced plans to redevelop Stamford Bridge into a 60,000-seater stadium,[73] and in January 2017 these plans were approved by Hammersmith and Fulham council.[74] However, on 31 May 2018, the club released a statement saying that the new stadium project had been put on hold indefinitely, citing "the current unfavourable investment climate."[75]

Crest and colours

Crest
Chelsea's crest from 1953–1986; the present day crest was modelled on this one.

Chelsea have had four main crests, which all underwent minor variations. The first, adopted when the club was founded, was the image of a Chelsea pensioner, the army veterans who reside at the nearby Royal Hospital Chelsea. This contributed to the club's original "pensioner" nickname, and remained for the next half-century, though it never appeared on the shirts. When Ted Drake became Chelsea manager in 1952, he began to modernise the club. Believing the Chelsea pensioner crest to be old-fashioned, he insisted that it be replaced.[76] A stop-gap badge which comprised the initials C.F.C. was adopted for a year. In 1953, the club crest was changed to an upright blue lion looking backwards and holding a staff. It was based on elements in the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea[77] with the "lion rampant regardant" taken from the arms of then club president Viscount Chelsea and the staff from the Abbots of Westminster, former Lords of the Manor of Chelsea. It also featured three red roses, to represent England, and two footballs.[76] This was the first Chelsea crest to appear on the shirts, in the early 1960s.

In 1986, with Ken Bates now owner of the club, Chelsea's crest was changed again as part of another attempt to modernise and because the old rampant lion badge could not be trademarked.[78] The new badge featured a more naturalistic non-heraldic lion, in white and not blue, standing over the C.F.C. initials. This lasted for the next 19 years, with some modifications such as the use of different colours, including red from 1987 to 1995, and yellow from 1995 until 1999, before the white returned.[79] With the new ownership of Roman Abramovich, and the club's centenary approaching, combined with demands from fans for the popular 1950s badge to be restored, it was decided that the crest should be changed again in 2005. The new crest was officially adopted for the start of the 2005–06 season and marked a return to the older design, used from 1953 to 1986, featuring a blue heraldic lion holding a staff. For the centenary season this was accompanied by the words '100 YEARS' and 'CENTENARY 2005–2006' on the top and bottom of the crest respectively.[6]

Colours
Chelsea's first home colours (1905 – c. 1912)[80]

Chelsea have always worn blue shirts, although they originally used the paler eton blue, which was taken from the racing colours of then club president, Earl Cadogan, and was worn with white shorts and dark blue or black socks.[81] The light blue shirts were replaced by a royal blue version in around 1912.[82] In the 1960s Chelsea manager Tommy Docherty changed the kit again, switching to blue shorts (which have remained ever since) and white socks, believing it made the club's colours more modern and distinctive, since no other major side used that combination; this kit was first worn during the 1964–65 season.[83] Since then Chelsea have always worn white socks with their home kit apart from a short spell from 1985 to 1992, when blue socks were reintroduced.

Chelsea's away colours are usually all yellow or all white with blue trim. More recently, the club have had a number of black or dark blue away kits which alternate every year.[84] As with most teams, they have also had some more unusual ones. At Docherty's behest, in the 1966 FA Cup semi-final they wore blue and black stripes, based on Inter Milan's kit.[85] In the mid-1970s, the away strip was a red, white and green kit inspired by the Hungarian national side of the 1950s.[86] Other away kits include an all jade strip worn from 1986–89, red and white diamonds from 1990–92, graphite and tangerine from 1994–96, and luminous yellow from 2007–08.[84] The graphite and tangerine strip has appeared in lists of the worst football kits ever.[87]

Support
Chelsea fans at a match against Tottenham Hotspur, on 11 March 2006

Chelsea are among the most widely supported football clubs in the world.[88][89] They have the sixth highest average all-time attendance in English football,[7] and regularly attract over 40,000 fans to Stamford Bridge; they were the seventh best-supported Premier League team in the 2013–14 season, with an average gate of 41,572.[90] Chelsea's traditional fanbase comes from all over the Greater London area including working-class parts such as Hammersmith and Battersea, wealthier areas like Chelsea and Kensington, and from the home counties. There are also numerous official supporters clubs in the United Kingdom and all over the world.[91] Between 2007 and 2012, Chelsea were ranked fourth worldwide in annual replica kit sales, with an average of 910,000.[92] As of 2018, Chelsea had 72.2 million followers on social media, the fourth highest among football clubs.[93]

At matches, Chelsea fans sing chants such as "Carefree" (to the tune of "Lord of the Dance", whose lyrics were probably written by supporter Mick Greenaway),[94][95] "Ten Men Went to Mow", "We All Follow the Chelsea" (to the tune of "Land of Hope and Glory"), "Zigga Zagga", and the celebratory "Celery". The latter is often accompanied by fans throwing celery at each other, although the vegetable was banned inside Stamford Bridge after an incident involving Arsenal midfielder Cesc Fàbregas at the 2007 League Cup Final.[96] During the 1970s and 1980s in particular, Chelsea supporters were associated with football hooliganism. The club's "football firm", originally known as the Chelsea Shed Boys, and subsequently as the Chelsea Headhunters, were nationally notorious for football violence, alongside hooligan firms from other clubs such as West Ham United's Inter City Firm and Millwall's Bushwackers, before, during and after matches.[97] The increase of hooligan incidents in the 1980s led chairman Ken Bates to propose erecting an electric fence to deter them from invading the pitch, a proposal that the Greater London Council rejected.[98]

Since the 1990s, there has been a marked decline in crowd trouble at matches, as a result of stricter policing, CCTV in grounds and the advent of all-seater stadia.[99] In 2007, the club launched the Back to the Shed campaign to improve the atmosphere at home matches, with notable success. According to Home Office statistics, 126 Chelsea fans were arrested for football-related offences during the 2009–10 season, the third highest in the division, and 27 banning orders were issued, the fifth-highest in the division.[100]

Rivalries
Main articles: West London derby, Arsenal F.C.–Chelsea F.C. rivalry, Chelsea F.C.–Tottenham Hotspur F.C. rivalry, and Chelsea F.C.–Leeds United F.C. rivalry

Chelsea have long-standing rivalries with North London clubs Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur.[101][102] A strong rivalry with Leeds United dates back to several heated and controversial matches in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the 1970 FA Cup Final.[103] More recently a rivalry with Liverpool has grown following repeated clashes in cup competitions.[104][105] Chelsea's fellow West London sides Brentford, Fulham and Queens Park Rangers are generally not considered major rivals, as matches have only taken place intermittently due to the clubs often being in separate divisions.[106]

A 2004 survey by Planetfootball.com found that Chelsea fans consider their main rivalries to be with (in descending order): Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester United. In the same survey, fans of Arsenal, Fulham, Leeds United, QPR, Tottenham, and West Ham United named Chelsea as one of their three main rivals.[107] In a 2008 poll conducted by the Football Fans Census, Chelsea fans named Liverpool, Arsenal and Manchester United as their most disliked clubs. In the same survey, "Chelsea" was the top answer to the question "Which other English club do you dislike the most?"[108] A 2012 survey, conducted among 1200 supporters of the top four league divisions across the country, found that many clubs' main rivals had changed since 2003 and reported that Chelsea fans consider Tottenham to be their main rivals, above Arsenal and Manchester United. Additionally, fans of Arsenal, Brentford, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester United, QPR, Tottenham and West Ham identified Chelsea as one of their top three rivals.[109]

Records
Further information: List of Chelsea F.C. records and statistics
Frank Lampard is Chelsea's all-time highest goalscorer.

Chelsea's highest appearance-maker is ex-captain Ron Harris, who played in 795 competitive games for the club between 1961 and 1980.[110] Four other players made more than 500 appearances for the club: Peter Bonetti (729; 1959–79), John Terry (717; 1998–2017), Frank Lampard (648; 2001–2014) and John Hollins (592; 1963–1975 and 1983–1984). With 103 caps (101 while at the club) for England, Lampard is Chelsea's most capped international player. Every starting player in Chelsea's 57 games of the 2013–14 season was a full international – a new club record.[111]

Lampard is Chelsea's all-time top goalscorer, having scored 211 goals in 648 games (2001–2014);[110] he passed Bobby Tambling's longstanding record of 202 in May 2013.[112] Eight other players have also scored over 100 goals for Chelsea: George Hilsdon (1906–1912), George Mills (1929–1939), Roy Bentley (1948–1956), Jimmy Greaves (1957–1961), Peter Osgood (1964–1974 and 1978–1979), Kerry Dixon (1983–1992), Didier Drogba (2004–2012 and 2014–2015), and Eden Hazard (2012–2019). Greaves holds the club record for the most goals scored in one season (43 in 1960–61).[113] While a Chelsea player, Greaves also became the youngest ever player to score 100 goals in the English top-flight, at 20 years and 290 days.[114]

Chelsea's biggest winning scoreline in a competitive match is 13–0, achieved against Jeunesse Hautcharage in the Cup Winners' Cup in 1971.[115] The club's biggest top-flight win was an 8–0 victory against Wigan Athletic in 2010, which was matched in 2012 against Aston Villa.[116] Chelsea's biggest loss was an 8–1 reverse against Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1953.[117][118] The club's 21–0 aggregate victory over Jeunesse Hautcharage in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971 is also a record in European competition.[119] Officially, Chelsea's highest home attendance is 82,905 for a First Division match against Arsenal on 12 October 1935. However, an estimated crowd of over 100,000 attended a friendly match against Soviet team Dynamo Moscow on 13 November 1945.[120][121]

In January 2011 Chelsea broke the British transfer record to sign Fernando Torres for £50 million; the record stood until 2014

From 20 March 2004 to 26 October 2008, Chelsea went a record 86 consecutive league matches at home without defeat, beating the previous record of 63 matches unbeaten set by Liverpool between 1978 and 1980.[122][123] Chelsea hold the English record for the fewest goals conceded during a league season (15), the highest number of clean sheets overall in a Premier League season (25) (both set during the 2004–05 season),[124] and the most consecutive clean sheets from the start of a league season (6, set during the 2005–06 season).[125] Chelsea's streak of eleven consecutive away league wins, set between 5 April 2008 and 6 December 2008, is a record for the English top flight.[126] Chelsea are the only Premier League side to win their opening nine league games of the season, doing so in 2005–06.[127][128] From 2009 to 2013, Chelsea were unbeaten in a record 29 consecutive FA Cup matches (excluding penalty shoot-outs).[129]

On 25 August 1928, Chelsea, along with Arsenal, became the first club to play with shirt numbers, in their match against Swansea Town.[130] They were the first English side to travel by aeroplane to a domestic away match, when they visited Newcastle United on 19 April 1957,[131] and the first First Division side to play a match on a Sunday, when they faced Stoke City on 27 January 1974. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first British side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up (no British or Irish players) in a Premier League match against Southampton.[132] In May 2007, Chelsea were the first team to win the FA Cup at the new Wembley Stadium, having also been the last to win it at the old Wembley.[133] They were the first English club to be ranked No. 1 under UEFA's five-year coefficient system in the 21st century.[134] They were the first Premier League team, and the first team in the English top flight since 1962–63, to score at least 100 goals in a single season, reaching the milestone during the 2009–10 season.[34] Chelsea are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League.[135][136] Upon winning the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, Chelsea became the first English club to win all four UEFA club trophies and the only club to hold the Champions League and the Europa League at the same time.[137]

Chelsea have twice broken the record for the highest transfer fee paid by a British club. Their £30.8 million purchase of Andriy Shevchenko from A.C. Milan in June 2006 was a British record until surpassed by the £32.5 million paid by Manchester City for Robinho in September 2008.[138][139] The club's £50 million purchase of Fernando Torres from Liverpool in January 2011[140] held the record until Ángel Di María signed for Manchester United in August 2014 for £59.7 million.[141] The club's £71 million purchase of Kepa Arrizabalaga in August 2018 remains a world record fee paid for a goalkeeper.[142]

Ownership and finances
Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich

Chelsea Football Club were founded by Gus Mears in 1905. After his death in 1912, his descendants continued to own the club until 1982, when Ken Bates bought the club from Mears' great-nephew Brian Mears for £1. Bates bought a controlling stake in the club and floated Chelsea on the AIM stock exchange in March 1996.[143] In the mid-1990s Chelsea fan and businessman Matthew Harding became a director and loaned the club £26 million to build the new North Stand and invest in new players.[144]

In July 2003, Roman Abramovich purchased just over 50% of Chelsea Village plc's share capital, including Bates' 29.5% stake, for £30 million and over the following weeks bought out most of the remaining 12,000 shareholders at 35 pence per share, completing a £140 million takeover. Other shareholders at the time of the takeover included the Matthew Harding estate (21%), BSkyB (9.9%) and various anonymous offshore trusts.[145] After passing the 90% share threshold, Abramovich took the club back into private hands, delisting it from the AIM on 22 August 2003.

At the time of the Abramovich takeover, the club also had debts of around £100 million, which included a ten-year £75 million Eurobond taken out in 1997 by the Bates regime to buy the freehold of Stamford Bridge and finance the redevelopment of the stadium. The 9% interest on the loan cost the club around £7 million a year and according to Bruce Buck, Chelsea were struggling to pay an instalment due in July 2003.[146] Abramovich paid off some of this debt immediately, but the outstanding £36 million on the Eurobond was not fully repaid until 2008.[147] Since then, the club have had no external debt.[148]

Abramovich changed the ownership name to Chelsea FC plc, whose ultimate parent company is Fordstam Limited, which is controlled by him.[149] Chelsea are additionally funded by Abramovich via interest free soft loans channelled through his holding company Fordstam Limited. The loans stood at £709 million in December 2009, when they were all converted to equity by Abramovich, leaving the club themselves debt free,[150][151] although the debt remains with Fordstam.[152]

Chelsea did not turn a profit in the first nine years of Abramovich's ownership, and made record losses of £140m in June 2005.[153] In November 2012, Chelsea announced a profit of £1.4 million for the year ending 30 June 2012, the first time the club had made a profit under Abramovich's ownership.[153][154] This was followed by a loss in 2013 and then their highest ever profit of £18.4 million for the year to June 2014.[155] In 2018 Chelsea announced a record after-tax profit of £62 million.[156]

Chelsea have been described as a global brand; a 2012 report by Brand Finance ranked Chelsea fifth among football brands and valued the club's brand value at US$398 million – an increase of 27% from the previous year, also valuing them at US$10 million more than the sixth best brand, London rivals Arsenal – and gave the brand a strength rating of AA (very strong).[157][158] In 2016, Forbes magazine ranked Chelsea the seventh most valuable football club in the world, at £1.15 billion ($1.66 billion).[159] As of 2016, Chelsea are ranked eighth in the Deloitte Football Money League with an annual commercial revenue of £322.59 million.[160]

The club's recent accounting records highlight £26.6m they have lost in compensation to former head coach Antonio Conte for sacking and to pay off his backroom staff and the legal costs that followed.[161]

Sponsorship
The Sauber F1 Team, an official partner of the club, displaying the Chelsea crest

Chelsea's kit has been manufactured by Nike since July 2017. Previously, the kit was manufactured by Adidas, which was originally contracted to supply the club's kit from 2006 to 2018. The partnership was extended in October 2010 in a deal worth £160 million over eight years.[162] This deal was again extended in June 2013 in a deal worth £300 million over another ten years.[163] In May 2016, Adidas announced that by mutual agreement, the kit sponsorship would end six years early on 30 June 2017.[164] Chelsea had to pay £40m in compensation to Adidas. In October 2016, Nike was announced as the new kit sponsor, in a deal worth £900m over 15 years, until 2032.[165] Previously, the kit was manufactured by Umbro (1975–81), Le Coq Sportif (1981–86), The Chelsea Collection (1986–87), Umbro (1987–2006), and Adidas (2006–2017).

Chelsea's first shirt sponsor was Gulf Air, agreed during the 1983–84 season. The club were then sponsored by Grange Farms, Bai Lin Tea and Simod before a long-term deal was signed with Commodore International in 1989; Amiga, an offshoot of Commodore, also appeared on the shirts. Chelsea were subsequently sponsored by Coors beer (1994–97), Autoglass (1997–2001), Emirates (2001–05), Samsung Mobile (2005–08), Samsung (2008–15).[166][167] and Yokohama Tyres (2015–20). Chelsea's current sponsor is Three, starting from July 2020.[168]

Following the introduction of sleeve sponsors in the Premier League, Chelsea had Alliance Tyres as their first sleeve sponsor in the 2017–18 season.[169] For the 2018–19 season, they have Hyundai Motor Company as the new sleeve sponsor.[170] The club also has a variety of other sponsors and official partners, which include Bangkok Bank, Beats by Dre, Cadbury, Carabao, Delta Air Lines, EA Sports, Ericsson, Fiserv, Gazprom, GO Markets, Grand Royal Whisky, Guangzhou R&F, Hublot, IndusInd Bank, Levy Restaurants, Millennium Hotels, MSC Cruises, Mobinil, Ole777, Rexona, Singha, Sony Music, Vitality, William Hill, and Wipro.[171][172]

Chelsea parade through the streets of Fulham and Chelsea after winning their league and cup double, May 2010

In 1930, Chelsea featured in one of the earliest football films, The Great Game.[173] One-time Chelsea centre forward, Jack Cock, who by then was playing for Millwall, was the star of the film and several scenes were shot at Stamford Bridge, including on the pitch, the boardroom, and the dressing rooms. It included guest appearances by then-Chelsea players Andrew Wilson, George Mills, and Sam Millington.[174] Owing to the notoriety of the Chelsea Headhunters, a football firm associated with the club, Chelsea have also featured in films about football hooliganism, including 2004's The Football Factory.[175] Chelsea also appear in the Hindi film Jhoom Barabar Jhoom.[176] In April 2011, Montenegrin comedy series Nijesmo mi od juče made an episode in which Chelsea play against FK Sutjeska Nikšić for qualification of the UEFA Champions League.[177]

Up until the 1950s, the club had a long-running association with the music halls; their underachievement often provided material for comedians such as George Robey.[178] It culminated in comedian Norman Long's release of a comic song in 1933, ironically titled "On the Day That Chelsea Went and Won the Cup", the lyrics of which describe a series of bizarre and improbable occurrences on the hypothetical day when Chelsea finally won a trophy.[14] In Alfred Hitchcock's 1935 film The 39 Steps, Mr Memory claims that Chelsea last won the Cup in 63 BC, "in the presence of the Emperor Nero."[179] Scenes in a 1980 episode of Minder were filmed during a real match at Stamford Bridge between Chelsea and Preston North End with Terry McCann (played by Dennis Waterman) standing on the terraces.[180]

The song "Blue is the Colour" was released as a single in the build-up to the 1972 League Cup Final, with all members of Chelsea's first team squad singing; it reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.[181] The song has since been adopted as an anthem by a number of other sports teams around the world, including the Vancouver Whitecaps (as "White is the Colour")[182] and the Saskatchewan Roughriders (as "Green is the Colour").[183] In the build-up to the 1997 FA Cup Final, the song "Blue Day", performed by Suggs and members of the Chelsea squad, reached number 22 in the UK charts.[184]

Chelsea Women
Further information: Chelsea F.C. Women

Chelsea also operate a women's football team, Chelsea Football Club Women, formerly known as Chelsea Ladies. They have been affiliated to the men's team since 2004[185] and are part of the club's Community Development programme. They play their home games at Kingsmeadow, formerly the home ground of the EFL League One club AFC Wimbledon. The club were promoted to the Premier Division for the first time in 2005 as Southern Division champions and won the Surrey County Cup nine times between 2003 and 2013.[186] In 2010 Chelsea Ladies were one of the eight founder members of the FA Women's Super League.[187] In 2015, Chelsea Ladies won the FA Women's Cup for the first time, beating Notts County Ladies at Wembley Stadium,[188] and a month later clinched their first FA WSL title to complete a league and cup double.[189] In 2018, they won a second league and FA Cup double.[190] Two years later in 2020, they repeated their double success by winning the third league title and league cup for the first time.[191][192] John Terry, former captain of the Chelsea men's team, is the President of Chelsea Women.[193]

Players

Squad
As of 20 October 2020[194]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK  ESP Kepa Arrizabalaga
2 DF  GER Antonio Rüdiger
3 DF  ESP Marcos Alonso
4 DF  DEN Andreas Christensen
5 MF  ITA Jorginho (vice-captain)
6 DF  BRA Thiago Silva (3rd captain)
7 MF  FRA N'Golo Kanté (4th captain)
9 FW  ENG Tammy Abraham
10 MF  USA Christian Pulisic
11 FW  GER Timo Werner
13 GK  ARG Willy Caballero
15 DF  FRA Kurt Zouma
No. Pos. Nation Player
16 GK  SEN Édouard Mendy
17 MF  CRO Mateo Kovačić
18 FW  FRA Olivier Giroud
19 MF  ENG Mason Mount (5th captain)
20 MF  ENG Callum Hudson-Odoi
21 DF  ENG Ben Chilwell
22 MF  MAR Hakim Ziyech
23 MF  SCO Billy Gilmour
24 DF  ENG Reece James
28 DF  ESP César Azpilicueta (captain)
29 MF  GER Kai Havertz
33 DF  ITA Emerson

Non-contract player

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK  CZE Petr Čech[195]

Other players under contract

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK  ENG Teddy Sharman-Lowe
— DF  ENG Dujon Sterling
— MF  BEL Charly Musonda

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK  USA Ethan Wady (to Dartford until 31 May 2021)
— GK  ENG Jamal Blackman (to Rotherham United until 31 May 2021)
— GK  ENG Jamie Cumming (to Stevenage until 31 May 2021)
— GK  ENG Nathan Baxter (to Accrington Stanley until 31 May 2021)
— DF  GHA Baba Rahman (to PAOK until 30 June 2021)
— DF  ITA Davide Zappacosta (to Genoa until 30 June 2021)
— DF  WAL Ethan Ampadu (to Sheffield United until 30 June 2021)
— DF  ENG Fikayo Tomori (to Milan until 30 June 2021)
— DF  NED Ian Maatsen (to Charlton Athletic until 30 June 2021)
— DF  NED Juan Castillo (to ADO Den Haag until 30 June 2021)
— DF  ENG Jake Clarke-Salter (to Birmingham City until 31 May 2021)
— DF  ENG Marc Guéhi (to Swansea City until 31 May 2021)
— DF  USA Matt Miazga (to Anderlecht until 30 June 2021)
— DF  FRA Malang Sarr (to Porto until 30 June 2021)
— DF  ENG Trevoh Chalobah (to Lorient until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Conor Gallagher (to West Bromwich Albion until 30 June 2021)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF  ENG Danny Drinkwater (to Kasımpaşa until 30 June 2021)
— MF  SRB Danilo Pantić (to Čukarički until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Jon Russell (to Accrington Stanley until 31 May 2021)
— MF  BRA Kenedy (to Granada until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Lewis Baker (to Trabzonspor until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Luke McCormick (to Bristol Rovers until 31 May 2021)
— MF  NED Marco van Ginkel (to PSV until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Ross Barkley (to Aston Villa until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Ruben Loftus-Cheek (to Fulham until 30 June 2021)
— MF  ENG Tariq Uwakwe (to Accrington Stanley until 31 May 2021)
— MF  FRA Tiémoué Bakayoko (to Napoli until 30 June 2021)
— MF  NGA Victor Moses (to Spartak Moscow until 30 June 2021)
— FW  ALB Armando Broja (to Vitesse until 30 June 2021)
— FW  ENG Izzy Brown (to Sheffield Wednesday until 31 May 2021)
— FW  ENG Ike Ugbo (to Cercle Brugge until 30 June 2021)
— FW  BEL Michy Batshuayi (to Crystal Palace until 30 June 2021)

Under-23s and Academy
Main article: Chelsea F.C. Under-23s and Academy

Player of the Year
Main article: List of Chelsea F.C. players
Year Winner
1967 Peter Bonetti
1968 Charlie Cooke
1969 David Webb
1970 John Hollins
1971 John Hollins
1972 David Webb
1973 Peter Osgood
1974 Gary Locke
1975 Charlie Cooke
1976 Ray Wilkins
1977 Ray Wilkins
1978 Micky Droy
1979 Tommy Langley
1980 Clive Walker
1981 Petar Borota
  
Year Winner
1982 Mike Fillery
1983 Joey Jones
1984 Pat Nevin
1985 David Speedie
1986 Eddie Niedzwiecki
1987 Pat Nevin
1988 Tony Dorigo
1989 Graham Roberts
1990 Ken Monkou
1991 Andy Townsend
1992 Paul Elliott
1993 Frank Sinclair
1994 Steve Clarke
1995 Erland Johnsen
1996 Ruud Gullit
  
Year Winner
1997 Mark Hughes
1998 Dennis Wise
1999 Gianfranco Zola
2000 Dennis Wise
2001 John Terry
2002 Carlo Cudicini
2003 Gianfranco Zola
2004 Frank Lampard
2005 Frank Lampard
2006 John Terry
2007 Michael Essien
2008 Joe Cole
2009 Frank Lampard
2010 Didier Drogba
2011 Petr Čech
  
Year Winner
2012 Juan Mata
2013 Juan Mata
2014 Eden Hazard
2015 Eden Hazard
2016 Willian
2017 Eden Hazard
2018 N'Golo Kanté
2019 Eden Hazard
2020 Mateo Kovačić

Source: Chelsea F.C.

Notable managers
Further information: List of Chelsea F.C. managers

The following managers won at least one trophy when in charge of Chelsea:

Name Period Trophies
Ted Drake 1952–1961 First Division Championship, Charity Shield
Tommy Docherty 1962–1967 League Cup
Dave Sexton 1967–1974 FA Cup, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
John Neal 1981–1985 Second Division Championship
John Hollins 1985–1988 Full Members Cup
Bobby Campbell 1988–1991 Second Division Championship, Full Members Cup
Ruud Gullit 1996–1998 FA Cup
Gianluca Vialli 1998–2000 FA Cup, League Cup, Charity Shield, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Super Cup
José Mourinho 2004–2007
2013–2015		 3 Premier Leagues, 3 League Cups, FA Cup, Community Shield
Guus Hiddink 2009
2015–2016[nb 1]		 FA Cup
Carlo Ancelotti 2009–2011 Premier League, FA Cup, Community Shield
Roberto Di Matteo 2012[nb 2] FA Cup, UEFA Champions League
Rafael Benítez 2012–2013[nb 3] UEFA Europa League
Antonio Conte 2016–2018 Premier League, FA Cup
Maurizio Sarri 2018–2019 UEFA Europa League

Management team
Position Staff
Head coach Thomas Tuchel[196]
Assistant head coach Arno Michels
Assistant coaches Zsolt Lőw
Joe Edwards
Anthony Barry[197]
Video Analyst Benjamin Weber
Goalkeeper coaches Henrique Hilário
James Russell
Fitness coaches Matt Birnie
Will Tullett
Technical and performance advisor Petr Čech[198]
Medical director Paco Biosca
Loan technical coaches Carlo Cudicini[199]
Paulo Ferreira
Tore André Flo
Loan goalkeeper coach Christophe Lollichon
Head of international scouting Scott McLachlan
Technical mentor Claude Makélélé[200]
Head of youth development Neil Bath
Development squad manager Andy Myers
Under-18's manager Ed Brand

Source: Chelsea F.C.

Club personnel

Chelsea FC plc is the company which owns Chelsea Football Club. The ultimate parent company of Chelsea FC plc is Fordstam Limited and the ultimate controlling party of Fordstam Limited is Roman Abramovich.[201]

Chelsea Ltd.

Owner: Roman Abramovich

Chelsea F.C. plc Board[201]

Chairman: Bruce Buck
Directors: Eugene Tenenbaum, Guy Laurence and Marina Granovskaia[202][203]

Executive Board[201]

Chief Executive: Guy Laurence
Club Secretary: David Barnard
Chairman: Bruce Buck
Directors: Eugene Tenenbaum and Marina Granovskaia
Football Club Board: David Barnard, Bruce Buck, Marina Granovskaia, Guy Laurence and Eugene Tenenbaum

Life President

Lord Attenborough (1923–2014)

Vice-Presidents

Peter Digby
Sir Peter Harrison
Joe Hemani
Anthony Reeves
Alan Spence

Club Ambassadors[204]

Carlo Cudicini
Tore André Flo
Paulo Ferreira
Eddie Newton

Source: Chelsea F.C.

Controversy

Sexual abuse
Main article: United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal

In August 2019, Chelsea's board apologised "unreservedly" after a report found that during the 1970s the club's chief scout, Eddie Heath, groomed and abused young boys aged between 10 and 17. The report, which was led by Charles Geekie QC, concluded that Heath was a "prolific and manipulative sexual abuser" and had been able to operate "unchallenged". The report was also heavily critical of the club's former assistant manager Dario Gradi, who was accused of failing to tell more senior club staff about an allegation regarding the sexual conduct of Heath which had been brought to him by the father of a young player.

In light of the report, Chelsea announced that it was committed to assessing compensation claims for victims.[205]

Racial abuse

In May 2018, the club appointed Barnardo's to oversee an independent investigation into the allegations of racism. The complaints were initially brought by three former youth-team footballers who claimed that Gwyn Williams and Graham Rix subjected young black players to explicit racial abuse, during their time at the club in the 1990s.[206]

In August 2019, Barnardo's published the findings of its review. The report concluded that "black players were subjected to a daily tirade of racial abuse".[205] Following the publication of the report, the club issued a statement in which it acknowledged that "Barnardo's found that there is overwhelming information indicating that a member of staff at the club during the 1980s and 1990s subjected young players to bullying and racially abuse behaviour".[207]

Honours
Main article: List of Chelsea F.C. records and statistics § Honours and achievements

Upon winning the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, Chelsea became the fourth club in history to have won the "European Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, and European Cup Winners' Cup/UEFA Cup Winners' Cup after Juventus, Ajax and Bayern Munich. Chelsea are the first English club to have won all three major UEFA trophies.[208]

League titles
Winners (6): 1954–55, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2014–15, 2016–17
Winners (2): 1983–84, 1988–89

Cups
Diego Costa and John Terry holding the League Cup after Chelsea's victory in 2015
Winners (8): 1969–70, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2017–18
Winners (5): 1964–65, 1997–98, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15
Winners (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009
Winners (2): 1985–86, 1989–90

European competitions
Main article: Chelsea F.C. in international football competitions
Didier Drogba holding the Champions League trophy after Chelsea's victory in 2012
Winners: 2011–12
Winners (2): 2012–13, 2018–19
Winners (2): 1970–71, 1997–98
Winners: 1998

Doubles

UEFA club coefficient ranking
As of 10 December 2020[210]
RankTeamPoints
11 Arsenal88.000
12 Borussia Dortmund86.000
13 Chelsea84.000
14 Porto82.000
15 Tottenham Hotspur82.000

See also

Notes
    1. Includes Caretaker manager
    2. Won as Interim first team coach
    3. Includes Interim manager
    4. The trophy was known as the Charity Shield until 2002, and as the Community Shield ever since.

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