Isotopes of yttrium

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and ⁹¹Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-eight unstable isotopes have been characterized.

Main isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)

Iso­tope Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct ^87Y syn 3.4 d ε ^87Sr γ – ^88Y syn 106.6 d ε ^88Sr γ – ^89Y 100% stable ^90Y syn 2.7 d β^− ^90Zr γ – ^91Y syn 58.5 d β^− ^91Zr γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Y)	88.90584(2)[1]

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 4]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
	Excitation energy[n 4]							Normal proportion	Range of variation
^76Y	39	37	75.95845(54)#	500# ns [>170 ns]
^77Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	p (>99.9%)	^76Sr	5/2+#
					β^+ (<.1%)	^77Sr
^78Y	39	39	77.94361(43)#	54(5) ms	β^+	^78Sr	(0+)
^78mY	0(500)# keV			5.8(5) s			5+#
^79Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β^+ (>99.9%)	^79Sr	(5/2+)#
					β^+, p (<.1%)	^78Rb
^80Y	39	41	79.93428(19)	30.1(5) s	β^+	^80Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s			(1−)
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) µs			(2+)
^81Y	39	42	80.92913(7)	70.4(10) s	β^+	^81Sr	(5/2+)
^82Y	39	43	81.92679(11)	8.30(20) s	β^+	^82Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			268(25) ns			4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			147(7) ns			6+
^83Y	39	44	82.92235(5)	7.08(6) min	β^+	^83Sr	9/2+
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	β^+ (60%)	^83Sr	(3/2−)
					IT (40%)	^83Y
^84Y	39	45	83.92039(10)	39.5(8) min	β^+	^84Sr	1+
^84mY	−80(190) keV			4.6(2) s	β^+	^84Sr	(5−)
^85Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β^+	^85Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	β^+ (99.998%)	^85Sr	9/2+
					IT (.002%)	^85Y
^85m2Y	266.30(20) keV			178(6) ns			5/2−
^86Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β^+	^86Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	IT (99.31%)	^86Y	(8+)
					β^+ (.69%)	^86Sr
^86m2Y	302.2(5) keV			125(6) ns			(7−)
^87Y	39	48	86.9108757(17)	79.8(3) h	β^+	^87Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	^87Y	9/2+
					β^+ (1.56%)	^87Sr
^88Y	39	49	87.9095011(20)	106.616(13) d	β^+	^88Sr	4−
^88m1Y	674.55(4) keV			13.9(2) ms	IT	^88Y	(8)+
^88m2Y	392.86(9) keV			300(3) µs			1+
^89Y[n 9]	39	50	88.9058483(27)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	^89Y	9/2+
^90Y[n 9]	39	51	89.9071519(27)	64.053(20) h	β^−	^90Zr	2−
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	IT (99.99%)	^90Y	7+
					β^− (.0018%)	^90Zr
^91Y[n 9]	39	52	90.907305(3)	58.51(6) d	β^−	^91Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT (98.5%)	^91Y	9/2+
					β^− (1.5%)	^91Zr
^92Y	39	53	91.908949(10)	3.54(1) h	β^−	^92Zr	2−
^93Y	39	54	92.909583(11)	10.18(8) h	β^−	^93Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	^93Y	7/2+
^94Y	39	55	93.911595(8)	18.7(1) min	β^−	^94Zr	2−
^95Y	39	56	94.912821(8)	10.3(1) min	β^−	^95Zr	1/2−
^96Y	39	57	95.915891(25)	5.34(5) s	β^−	^96Zr	0−
^96mY	1140(30) keV			9.6(2) s	β^−	^96Zr	(8)+
^97Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β^− (99.942%)	^97Zr	(1/2−)
					β^−, n (.058%)	^96Zr
^97m1Y	667.51(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β^− (99.3%)	^97Zr	(9/2)+
					IT (.7%)	^97Y
					β^−, n (.08%)	^96Zr
^97m2Y	3523.3(4) keV			142(8) ms			(27/2−)
^98Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β^− (99.669%)	^98Zr	(0)−
					β^−, n (.331%)	^97Zr
^98m1Y	170.74(6) keV			620(80) ns			(2)−
^98m2Y	410(30) keV			2.0(2) s	β^− (86.6%)	^98Zr	(5+,4−)
					IT (10%)	^98Y
					β^−, n (3.4%)	^97Zr
^98m3Y	496.19(15) keV			7.6(4) µs			(2−)
^98m4Y	1181.1(4) keV			0.83(10) µs			(8−)
^99Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β^− (98.1%)	^99Zr	(5/2+)
					β^−, n (1.9%)	^98Zr
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.6(8) µs			(17/2+)
^100Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β^− (98.98%)	^100Zr	1−,2−
					β^−, n (1.02%)	^99Zr
^100mY	200(200)# keV			940(30) ms	β^−	^100Zr	(3,4,5)(+#)
^101Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β^− (98.06%)	^101Zr	(5/2+)
					β^−, n (1.94%)	^100Zr
^102Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β^− (95.1%)	^102Zr
					β^−, n (4.9%)	^101Zr
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β^− (94%)	^102Zr	high
					β^−, n (6%)	^101Zr
^103Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β^− (91.7%)	^103Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n (8.3%)	^102Zr
^104Y	39	65	103.94105(43)#	180(60) ms	β^−	^104Zr
^105Y	39	66	104.94487(54)#	60# ms [>300 ns]	β^−	^105Zr	5/2+#
^106Y	39	67	105.94979(75)#	50# ms [>300 ns]	β^−	^106Zr
^107Y	39	68	106.95414(54)#	30# ms [>300 ns]			5/2+#
^108Y	39	69	107.95948(86)#	20# ms [>300 ns]
^110Y[2]	39	71
^111Y[2]	39	72

1. ^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. Modes of decay:

   IT:	Isomeric transition
   n:	Neutron emission
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Fission product

References

1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
  • E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.