Kendari

Kendari is the capital of the Indonesian province of Southeast Sulawesi. The city lies along Kendari Bay. Moramo Waterfall is located 65 km east of Kendari. The city has a population of 359,371 at 2017, making it the fourth-largest city in Sulawesi, behind Makassar, Manado, and Palu.

Not to be confused with Kandari.

Kendari
City
Al-Alam Mosque
Seal
Location within Southeast Sulawesi
Kendari
Location in Sulawesi and Indonesia
Kendari
Kendari (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 3°58′2.96″S 122°35′40.92″E
Country Indonesia
Province Southeast Sulawesi
Founded9 May 1831
Incorporated1 July 1978
City Status27 September 1995
Government
 • MayorSulkarnain Kadir
 • Vice Mayor-
Area
 • Total297 km2 (115 sq mi)
Elevation
5−55 m (−180 ft)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total359,371
Time zoneUTC+8 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 401
HDI 0.828 (Very high)
Websitekendarikota.go.id

History

In 1831, a Dutch cartographer named Vosmaer was tasked with mapping the area of Kendari. While performing this task, he is said to have met with the indigenous tribe, the Tolakis, and to have built their king a palace in the harbor of Kendari. The palace was completed on 9 May 1832, and now 9 May is celebrated as the date of Kendari's founding.[1]

Over time, the city became an important center of Sulawesi in the Dutch East Indies, first becoming the capital of the Kewedanan District and later the Laiwoi Onder Afdeling District.[1]

World War II
Main article: Battle of Kendari

Kendari was an important objective of the Japanese in World War II because of the nearby airfield, (now Haluoleo Airport) which could be used to interdict the sea lanes between Australia and the Dutch East Indies and to bomb Dutch bases on Java and other Islands. The garrison of Kendari was surprised by a Japanese landing on the night of 23–24 January 1942 and put up little resistance before Kendari and the intact airfield were captured.[2]

During the Japanese occupation the airbase was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service. In the second of the two raids on Darwin in Australia on February 19th 1942, 27 Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" medium bombers joined 27 Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" bombers flying from Ambon.[3]

  • Map by J. N. Vosmaer

Administration

The city, originally composed of four districts (kecamatan) - Mandonga, Baruga, Poasia and Kendari - is now divided into ten districts, tabulated below with their 2010 Census population.[4]

NamePopulation
Census 2010[5]
Mandonga36,163
Baruga19,368
Puuwatu27,749
Kadia39,244
Wua-Wua24,407
Poasia24,977
Abeli22,438
Kambu27,135
Kendari25,557
Kendari Barat
(West Kendari)		42,928

Economy

Kendari's economy is mostly agricultural with some industrial centers near the city.[1] The city is connected to other parts of Indonesia by Haluoleo Airport.

Kendari Botanical Garden

In 2014, the Civil Works Ministry decided to build the Kendari Botanical Garden in a 113 hectare area, as one of twelve priority developments of botanical gardens.[6]

Tourism

Some of Kendari's main attractions are its bay, nearby Bungkutoko Island, Bokori Island, and the city's many beaches. Another draw is the selling of local handicrafts and souvenirs.[1] Handicrafts include gold and silver ornament making, filigree work, weaving, and woodworking. The silver jewelry industry is carried on mostly by the Chinese.[7]

Climate

Kendari has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall from December to July and moderate rainfall from August to November.

Climate data for Kendari
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 31.5
(88.7)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.2
(88.2)		 30.6
(87.1)		 29.8
(85.6)		 29.4
(84.9)		 30.2
(86.4)		 31.2
(88.2)		 32.4
(90.3)		 32.6
(90.7)		 31.9
(89.4)		 31.1
(88.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.5
(81.5)		 27.5
(81.5)		 27.5
(81.5)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.5
(79.7)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.2
(79.2)		 26.8
(80.2)		 27.6
(81.7)		 28.2
(82.8)		 27.8
(82.0)		 27.2
(80.9)
Average low °C (°F) 23.6
(74.5)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.2
(73.8)		 22.5
(72.5)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.5
(72.5)		 22.9
(73.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.3
(73.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 196
(7.7)		 207
(8.1)		 242
(9.5)		 225
(8.9)		 241
(9.5)		 224
(8.8)		 144
(5.7)		 91
(3.6)		 103
(4.1)		 80
(3.1)		 98
(3.9)		 181
(7.1)		 2,032
(80)
Source: [8]

Sister cities

Notes
  1. "The City Of Kendari". indonesia-tourism.com.
  2. L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Fall of Kendari, January 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  3. Alford 2017, p. 20
  4. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  5. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011
  6. Ali Hidayat. "Selain Batam, PU Bangun Kebun Raya di KendariYYY". Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  7. "Kendari". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  8. https://en.climate-data.org/location/984253

References

Bibliography
  • Alford, Bob. Darwin 1942, The Japanese Attack on Australia. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2017. ISBN 1472816870.

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