Lifitegrast
Lifitegrast, sold under the brand name Xiidra (/ˈzaɪdrə/[1]), is a medication for the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye, a syndrome called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Lifitegrast reduces inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cell binding.[2] It is often used in conjunction with ciclosporin (Ikervis or Restasis) for dry eye treatment including meibomian gland dysfunction and inflammatory dry eye.
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Trade names | Xiidra |
Other names | SAR-1118 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a616039 |
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Routes of administration | Eye drops |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.245.695 |
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Formula | C29H24Cl2N2O7S |
Molar mass | 615.48 g·mol−1 |
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Adverse effects
Common side effects in clinical trials were eye irritation, discomfort, blurred vision, and dysgeusia (a distortion of the sense of taste).[3]
Pharmacology
Lifitegrast is supplied as an eye drop.
Mechanism of action
Lifitegrast inhibits an integrin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), from binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). This mechanism down-regulates inflammation mediated by T lymphocytes.[2][4]
History
Lifitegrast was initially designed and developed by SARcode Bioscience[5] which was acquired by Shire in 2013,[6] which submitted a new drug application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2015. The FDA granted Shire a priority review a month later, and requested additional clinical data, which were supplied in January 2016; approval was granted on 11 July 2016.[7][8] Lifitegrast was approved by Health Canada in January 2018, and available in Canadian pharmacies as of March 2018.
Shire was acquired by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company in late 2018.[9] In May 2019 Novartis reached an agreement to purchase the assets associated with Lifitegrast. Novartis will pay Takeda an upfront payment of $3.4 billion, while the latter drugmaker is eligible for milestone payments of as much as $1.9 billion. Novartis noted that the drug amassed approximately $400 million in revenue in 2018.[10]
See also
- Restasis (ciclosporin eye drops for keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
References
- "Patient information: Xiidra® (ZYE-druh) (lifitegrast ophthalmic solution) 5% for topical ophthalmic use" (PDF). Novartis. June 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
- Tauber J, Karpecki P, Latkany R, Luchs J, Martel J, Sall K, et al. (December 2015). "Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution 5.0% versus Placebo for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Results of the Randomized Phase III OPUS-2 Study". Ophthalmology. 122 (12): 2423–31. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.001. PMID 26365210.
- Drugs.com: Patient information for xiidra.
- Murphy CJ, Bentley E, Miller PE, McIntyre K, Leatherberry G, Dubielzig R, et al. (May 2011). "The pharmacologic assessment of a novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonist (SAR 1118) for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 52 (6): 3174–80. doi:10.1167/iovs.09-5078. PMID 21330663.
- Semba CP, Gadek TR (2016). "Development of lifitegrast: a novel T-cell inhibitor for the treatment of dry eye disease". Clinical Ophthalmology. 10: 1083–94. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S110557. PMC 4910612. PMID 27354762.
- "Shire To Acquire Sarcode Bioscience, Expands Presence In Ophthalmology". 25 March 2013.
- "FDA Approves Shire's Xiidra". 11 July 2016.
- Drugs.com: Xiidra (lifitegrast) FDA Approval History
- "Takeda Completes Acquisition of Shire, Becoming a Global, Values-based, R&D-Driven Biopharmaceutical Leader". Takeda. January 8, 2019.
- "Novartis to acquire Xiidra, expanding front-of-eye portfolio and strengthening leadership in eye care". Novartis (Press release). May 9, 2019.