List of bids for the Summer Olympics

The Summer Olympics are the world's largest multi-sport event, and are organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) every four years. Selection of the host city is done at an IOC Session four to seven years prior to the tournament, in which the IOC members vote between candidate cities which have submitted bids. As of the selection of the 2016 Olympics, 28 games have been held in 22 cities in 19 countries. Bids have been made by 64 cities in 34 countries.

The bid process consists of two rounds. First, cities and national Olympic committees (NOCs) may show their interest and submit a preliminary bid, becoming applicant cities. Through analysis of the questionnaires, the IOC gave a weighted-average score to each city based on the scores obtained in each of the questionnaire's eleven themes: political and social support, general infrastructure, sports venues, Olympic Village, environment, accommodation, transport, security, past experience, finance, and legacy. IOC's Executive Committee then selects a short-list of candidate cities. The candidate cities are investigated by the IOC Evaluation Committee, who make an evaluation report. These submit a more extensive bid book and are subject to additional evaluation, which is presented to the IOC members. Voting occurs as an exhaustive ballot, which may occur through multiple rounds until a single city holds a majority of the votes. IOC members from a candidate NOC may not vote in any round while their country remains in the election.

The first three games were not subject to bids; the first IOC Session, in 1894, awarded the first games to Athens (1896) and Paris (1900), respectively. The 1904 Olympics were initially awarded to Chicago, but then moved to St. Louis to be co-located with the World Fair. A system with bids was introduced ahead of the 1908 Olympics, and were awarded to Rome. After the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy returned the games to IOC, which awarded them to London. The 1916 Olympics were awarded to Berlin, but canceled due to the First World War. The 1940 Olympics were originally awarded to Tokyo, but after the 1938 break-out of the Second Sino-Japanese War, they were returned to the IOC, who awarded them to Helsinki. The games, and the 1944 Olympics awarded to London, were ultimately canceled due to the Second World War. The 1956 Olympics were awarded to Melbourne, but Australian horse quarantine rules forced the equestrian events to be held in Stockholm. Three times there have been only a single bid, Stockholm in 1912, and Los Angeles in 1932 and 1984. Starting with the 2004 Olympics, only the highest-rated cities are short-listed for the final IOC vote.[1]

Paris and Los Angeles - who will host the games in 2024 and 2028 respectively - will join London as the only cities to host three Olympic Games. London, Antwerp, Munich and Sydney are the only cities to never have failed at winning a bid. St. Louis is the only city to have hosted the games without submitting a bid. Helsinki, Minneapolis, Montreal and Munich have bid for both Summer and Winter Olympics; all but Minneapolis have succeeded at winning Summer bids, but none have held Winter Olympics. Detroit is the most unsuccessful city, having failed seven times. Los Angeles has made the most bids, succeeding three times and failing six times. Amsterdam, Budapest and Lausanne have all failed five times. The United States has made the most bids, having bid for 19 games, including all games from 1944 through 1984.[1]

By year

The following is a list of bids for the Summer Olympics, sorted by year. It consists of the year the games were held or scheduled to be held, the date the decision was made, the city and country which issued the bid, the votes at the IOC Session for each voting round, and the ultimate host of the games. The bid listed first for each games is the one selected by the IOC, whether or not it ultimately hosted the games.[1]

YearSessionBid(s)VoteHost
CityCountryRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5
1896———————— Athens
1900———————— Paris
1904—Chicago United States————— St. Louis
1908—Rome Italy————— London
London Great Britain
Milan Italy
Berlin German Empire
1912—Stockholm Sweden————— Stockholm
1916—Berlin German Empire————— Berlin (cancelled)
Alexandria Egypt
Amsterdam Netherlands
Brussels Belgium
Budapest Austria-Hungary
Cleveland United States
1920—Antwerp Belgium————— Antwerp
Amsterdam Netherlands
Lyon France
Atlanta United States
Budapest Hungary
Cleveland United States
Havana Cuba
Lyon France
Philadelphia United States
1924—Paris France————— Paris
Amsterdam Netherlands
Barcelona Spain
Los Angeles United States
Prague Czechoslovakia
Rome Italy
1928—Amsterdam Netherlands————— Amsterdam
Los Angeles United States
19324 October 1929Los Angeles United States————— Los Angeles
1936—Berlin Germany43———— Berlin
Barcelona Spain16
Alexandria Egypt—
Budapest Hungary—
Buenos Aires Argentina—
Cologne Germany—
Dublin Ireland—
Frankfurt Germany—
Helsinki Finland—
Lausanne  Switzerland—
Nuremberg Germany—
Rio de Janeiro Brazil—
Rome Italy—
194031 August 1936Tokyo Japan————— Tokyo (cancelled)
Helsinki Finland
1944—London Great Britain————— London (cancelled)
Rome Italy
Detroit United States
Lausanne  Switzerland
Athens Greece
Budapest Hungary
Helsinki Finland
Montreal Canada
1948—London Great Britain————— London
Baltimore United States
Lausanne  Switzerland
Los Angeles United States
Minneapolis United States
Philadelphia United States
195221 June 1947Helsinki Finland1415——— Helsinki
Los Angeles United States45
Minneapolis United States45
Amsterdam Netherlands33
Detroit United States2—
Chicago United States1—
Philadelphia United States0—
Athens Greece0—
Lausanne  Switzerland0—
Stockholm Sweden0—
195628 April 1949Melbourne Australia14181921— Melbourne
Buenos Aires Argentina9121320
Los Angeles United States545—
Detroit United States244—
Mexico City Mexico93——
Chicago United States1———
Minneapolis United States1———
Philadelphia United States1———
San Francisco United States0———
Montreal Canada0———
196015 June 1955Rome Italy152635—— Rome
Lausanne  Switzerland142124
Detroit United States611—
Budapest Hungary81—
Brussels Belgium6——
Mexico City Mexico6——
Tokyo Japan6——
196426 May 1959Tokyo Japan30———— Tokyo
Detroit United States10
Vienna Austria9
Brussels Belgium5
196818 October 1963Mexico City Mexico30———— Mexico City
Detroit United States14
Lyon France12
Buenos Aires Argentina2
197225 April 1966Munich West Germany2931——— Munich
Madrid Spain1616
Montreal Canada613
Detroit United States6—
197612 May 1970Montreal Canada2541——— Montreal
Moscow Soviet Union2828
Los Angeles United States17—
198013 October 1974Moscow Soviet Union39———— Moscow
Los Angeles United States20
198418 May 1978Los Angeles United States————— Los Angeles
198830 September 1981Seoul South Korea52———— Seoul
Nagoya Japan27
199216 October 1986Barcelona Spain293747—— Barcelona
Paris France192023
Brisbane Australia11910
Belgrade Yugoslavia13115
Birmingham United Kingdom88—
Amsterdam Netherlands5——
199618 September 1990Atlanta United States1920263451 Atlanta
Athens Greece2323263035
Toronto Canada14171822—
Melbourne Australia122116——
Manchester United Kingdom115———
Belgrade Yugoslavia7————
200023 September 1993Sydney Australia30303745— Sydney
Beijing China32374043
Manchester United Kingdom111311—
Berlin Germany99——
Istanbul Turkey7———
Brasilia BrazilWithdrew[2]
Milan ItalyWithdrew[3]
Tashkent UzbekistanWithdrew[4]
20045 September 1997Athens Greece32—385266 Athens
Rome Italy23—283541
Cape Town South Africa16622220—
Stockholm Sweden20—19——
Buenos Aires Argentina1644———
Istanbul Turkey—————
Lille France—————
Rio de Janeiro Brazil—————
Saint Petersburg Russia—————
San Juan Puerto Rico—————
Seville Spain—————
200813 July 2001Beijing China4456——— Beijing
Toronto Canada2022
Paris France1518
Istanbul Turkey179
Osaka Japan6—
Bangkok Thailand——
Cairo Egypt——
Havana Cuba——
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia——
Seville Spain——
20126 July 2005London United Kingdom22273954— London
Paris France21253350
Madrid Spain203231—
New York City United States1916——
Moscow Russia15———
Havana Cuba————
Istanbul Turkey————
Leipzig Germany————
Rio de Janeiro Brazil————
20162 October 2009Rio de Janeiro Brazil264666—— Rio de Janeiro
Madrid Spain282932
Tokyo Japan2220—
Chicago United States18——
Baku Azerbaijan———
Doha Qatar———
Prague Czech Republic———
20207 September 2013Tokyo Japan42—60—— Tokyo
Istanbul Turkey264936
Madrid Spain2645—
Baku Azerbaijan———
Doha Qatar———
Rome ItalyWithdrew
202413 September 2017Paris FranceUnanimous Paris
Los Angeles United StatesUnanimous
Budapest HungaryWithdrew
Hamburg GermanyWithdrew
Rome ItalyWithdrew
202813 September 2017Los Angeles United StatesUnanimous Los Angeles

By city

The following is a list of bids submitted by city. It lists the county, city, and year for which failed, withdrawn, and successful bids were submitted. A parenthesis indicates that the city was awarded the games without a bidding process. A dagger () indicates that the city was awarded the games, but that they were ultimately not held in the city, either because the games were canceled or moved. An asterisk (*) indicates that the bid was not shortlisted. A double asterisk (**) indicates that the bid was withdrawn.[1]

CountryCityFailed/Withdrawn bidsSuccessful bids
 ArgentinaBuenos Aires1936, 1956, 1968, 2004—
 AustraliaBrisbane1992—
Melbourne19961956
Sydney—2000
 AustriaVienna1964—
 AzerbaijanBaku2016*, 2020*—
 BelgiumAntwerp—1920
Brussels1916, 1960, 1964—
 BrazilBrasilia2000**—
Rio de Janeiro1936, 2004*, 2012*2016
 CanadaMontreal1944, 1956, 19721976
Toronto1996, 2008—
 ChinaBeijing20002008
 CubaHavana1920, 2008*, 2012*—
 Czech Republic/
Czechoslovakia		Prague1924, 2016*—
 EgyptAlexandria1916, 1936—
Cairo2008*—
 FinlandHelsinki1936, 19441940 1952
 FranceLille2004*—
Lyon1920, 1968—
Paris1992, 2008, 20121900, 1924, 2024
 Germany/West Germany/
 German Empire		Berlin1908, 20001916, 1936
Cologne1936—
Frankfurt1936—
Hamburg2024**—
Leipzig2012*—
Nuremberg1936—
Munich—1972
 Great BritainBirmingham1992—
London—1908, 1948, 2012
Manchester1996, 2000—
 GreeceAthens1944, 1952, 19961896, 2004
 Hungary/
 Austria-Hungary		Budapest1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2024**—
 IrelandDublin1936—
 ItalyMilan1908, 2000**—
Rome1924, 1936, 1944, 2004, 2020**, 2024**1908, 1960
 JapanNagoya1988—
Osaka2008—
Tokyo1960, 20161940, 1964, 2020
 MalaysiaKuala Lumpur2008*—
 MexicoMexico City1956, 19601968
 NetherlandsAmsterdam1916, 1920, 1924, 1952, 19921928
 Puerto RicoSan Juan2004*—
 QatarDoha2016*, 2020*—
 Russia/ Soviet UnionMoscow1976, 20121980
Saint Petersburg2004*—
 South AfricaCape Town2004—
 South KoreaSeoul—1988
 SpainBarcelona19361992
Madrid1972, 2012, 2016, 2020—
Seville2004*, 2008*—
 SwedenStockholm1952, 20041912, 1956
  SwitzerlandLausanne1936, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1960—
 ThailandBangkok2008*—
 TurkeyIstanbul2000, 2004*, 2008, 2012*, 2020
 United StatesAtlanta19201996
Baltimore1948—
Chicago1952, 1956, 20161904
Cleveland1916, 1920—
Detroit1944, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972—
Los Angeles1924, 1928, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1976, 2024**1932, 1984, 2028
Minneapolis1948, 1952, 1956—
New York City2012—
Philadelphia1920, 1948, 1952, 1956—
San Francisco1956—
St. Louis—1904
 UzbekistanTashkent2000**—
 Yugoslavia/ SerbiaBelgrade1992, 1996—

By country

The following is a list of bids submitted by national Olympic committee, listing the country and years it bid. Only countries that have submitted bids from multiple cities are included. Successful bids are in boldface. A parenthesis indicates that the city was awarded the games without a bidding process. A dagger () indicates that the city was awarded the games, but that they were ultimately not held in the city, either because the games were canceled or moved.[1]

CountryYears
 Australia1956, 1992, 1996, 2000
 Belgium1916, 1920, 1960, 1964
 Brazil1936, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2016
 Canada1944, 1956 1972, 1976, 1996, 2008
 Egypt1916, 1936, 2008
 France1900, 1920, 1924, 1968, 1992, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2024
 Germany1908, 1916, 1936, 1972, 2000, 2012
 Great Britain1908, 1948, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2012
 Italy1908, 1924, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2000, 2004, 2020, 2024
 Japan1940, 1960, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2016, 2020
 Russia/ Soviet Union1976, 1980, 2004, 2012
 Spain1924, 1936, 1940, 1972, 1992, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020
 United States1904, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2012, 2016, 2024, 2028

Notes
  1. "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  2. Unnamed (22 January 1996). "39 Steps to Olympic Fiasco". The Irish Times.
  3. Associated Press (11 March 1993). "Milan Withdraws Olympic Bid". Los Angeles Times.
  4. Unnamed (24 January 1993). "Tashkent withdraws bid for 2000 Olympics". UPI International.
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