Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election

In the run up to the 1993 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Spain during the term of the 4th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 29 October 1989, to the day the next election was held, on 6 June 1993.

Voting intention estimates refer mainly to a hypothetical Congress of Deputies election. Polls are listed in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" columns on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.

Nationwide polling

Graphical summary

10-point average trend line of poll results from 29 October 1989 to 6 June 1993, with each line corresponding to a political party.

  PSOE

  PP

  IU

  CDS

  CiU

  PNV

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists nationwide voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections are displayed below the percentages in a smaller font. 176 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout						PNV					EE				BNG	PAP	Lead
1993 general election	6 Jun 1993	N/A	76.4	38.8 159	34.8 141	9.6 18	1.8 0	4.9 17	1.2 5	0.9 2	0.4 0	0.5 1	0.5 1	[lower-alpha 1]	0.8 1	0.6 1	0.9 4	0.5 0	0.2 0	4.0
Interior Ministry[1]	6 Jun 1993	?	?	? 158/162	? 136/141	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	?
PSOE[2]	6 Jun 1993	?	75	37.5 150	34.1 142	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	3.4
Demoscopia/Cadena SER[3][4][5]	6 Jun 1993	?	?	37.1 140/154	34.4 139/154	10.2 18/23	? 0	5.0 17/18	? 6	0.6 3	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	1.1 1/3	–	–	–	–	2.7
Eco Consulting/RTVE[3][4][5]	6 Jun 1993	250,000	?	? 139/155	? 134/148	? 20/23	? 0	? 18/20	? 6/7	? 3/5	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1/3	–	–	–	–	?
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[3][4][5]	6 Jun 1993	30,000	?	? 143	? 146	? 22	? 0	? 19	? 6	? 4	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1	–	–	–	–	?
Motivación/COPE[3]	6 Jun 1993	31,000	?	? 145	? 146	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	?
Gallup/Ya[5][6]	30 May 1993	6,050	70.2	32.1 134/139	33.0 140/147	10.6 23	2.6 0	5.6 21	1.4 8	1.0 4/5	–	0.9 2	0.5 1	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	–	0.8 4	–	0.5 2	0.8
Opina/La Vanguardia[7]	26–27 May 1993	2,000	?	35.0 142/146	35.6 144/148	11.4 24/25	2.1 0/1	5.0 18/19	1.3 6/7	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	0.9 0/1	–	–	–	–	0.6
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][8]	25–27 May 1993	8,148	74.8	34.5 133/152	32.5 134/151	10.1 19/24	2.3 0/1	5.5 19/21	1.5 6/7	1.1 3/4	0.7 0	0.9 2/3	0.7 1/3	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	–	1.0 4/6	0.5 1/2	0.5 1	2.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6]	24–27 May 1993	13,200	?	34.6 132/141	35.9 147/155	11.4 25/28	1.4 0	4.9 17/19	1.3 5/6	1.0 3/4	0.5 0	0.5 1	0.8 2/3	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	? 1	0.6 3	0.3 0	0.3 1	1.3
Diario 16[9]	26 May 1993	?	?	33.9	35.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	1.6
Demoscopia/El País[6][10][11]	20–26 May 1993	11,000	73	34.5 135/151	34.8 141/155	10.7 20/22	2.4 0/1	5.0 18/20	1.4 6	0.8 2/3	–	0.6 2	0.5 2	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	? 1	0.7 3	0.5 0/1	–	0.3
Gruppo/ABC[12]	23–25 May 1993	5,000	?	35.0 134/144	35.8 144/153	12.1 26/28	–	4.9 16/17	1.6 6/7	1.0 3	–	0.5 1	0.8 2/3	[lower-alpha 1]	0.6 1	0.3 0/1	0.6 3/4	–	0.3 1	0.8
ICP–Research/Diario 16[5][6]	21–24 May 1993	10,000	76.5	33.5 137/145	32.8 141/149	10.6 19/24	3.0 1/2	5.1 17/19	1.3 7/8	? 3/4	–	? 1	? 0/1	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1/2	–	? 3/4	? 0/1	–	0.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][13]	23 May 1993	3,000	?	34.0 134/143	35.2 144/153	12.6 26/29	1.5 0	5.0 18/19	1.5 6/7	1.0 3/4	0.6 0	0.5 1	0.7 1/2	[lower-alpha 1]	0.6 1/2	–	0.5 2/3	0.3 0	0.4 1	1.2
CIS[9][14]	14–19 May 1993	2,496	71.3	33.8	33.8	12.2	1.5	5.9	1.6	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	Tie
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][15]	14–18 May 1993	6,415	78.5	35.0 139/150	30.7 130/143	10.1 19/27	2.4 0/2	5.6 18/20	1.5 6/8	0.9 2/4	–	0.7 2	0.6 1/2	[lower-alpha 1]	0.6 1	–	0.9 3/5	0.9 0/1	0.5 1	4.3
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6][16]	14–17 May 1993	1,000	75.7	35.0	33.0	10.7	3.1	5.1	1.3	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	2.0
Ábaco/El Correo[lower-alpha 2][17]	14–16 May 1993	15,000	?	31.0 119/132	33.5 149/172	11.2 23/28	2.5 1	4.7 19	1.6 5	? 4	? 1	? 1	? 2/3	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1	? 1	? 1	–	–	2.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][18]	11–13 May 1993	10,200	?	34.8 134/142	35.3 147/155	12.4 25/28	1.4 0	5.0 17/20	1.5 6/7	1.0 2/4	0.4 0	0.5 0	0.7 1/2	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	–	0.5 1/3	0.3 0	0.3 1	0.5
Opina/La Vanguardia[19]	10–12 May 1993	2,000	?	36.6 147/152	35.7 143/147	10.1 21/22	2.0 0/1	5.1 18/19	1.4 5/6	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.9
Gruppo/ABC[20][21]	8–11 May 1993	5,000	?	34.1 134/147	35.1 140/150	12.9 27/29	2.0 0	4.9 17/18	1.5 6/7	1.1 4	0.3 0	0.5 1	0.8 3	[lower-alpha 1]	0.6 1	0.3 1	0.5 2/3	0.2 0	0.3 1	1.0
PSOE[22]	27 Apr–11 May 1993	27,469	?	? 152	? 137	? 21	? 1	? 18	? 5	? 4	? 1	? 1	? 3	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1	? 1	? 2	? 2	–	?
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6][23]	10 May 1993	1,000	?	33.5	33.0	10.6	2.9	4.2	1.0	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.5
Demoscopia/El País[6][24]	8–10 May 1993	2,500	78	36.6	35.5	11.2	1.4	4.9	1.1	0.8	–	0.6	0.4	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7	–	0.4	–	–	1.1
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[6][25]	2–4 May 1993	2,200	?	35.8 142/152	34.5 139/148	11.7 26/27	1.2 0	4.8 16/17	1.6 6/7	? 3/4	–	? 0/1	? 1	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1/2	–	–	–	? 1	1.3
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[26]	25–28 Apr 1993	?	?	34.9	34.6	12.2	–	5.0	1.6	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.3
CIS[27][28][29]	24–28 Apr 1993	2,500	?	33.5 135/145	34.5 143/153	? 28/30	–	? 19	? 6/7	? 3/4	–	? 1	? 1	[lower-alpha 1]	? 1/2	? 0/1	? 1	–	–	?
ICP–Research/Diario 16[6]	26 Apr 1993	1,000	?	34.2	33.4	13.4	2.8	5.2	1.1	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.8
Opina/La Vanguardia[7]	19–21 Apr 1993	2,006	?	35.5 138/142	36.0 138/146	11.0 27/30	1.0 0	5.5 17/19	1.2 4/6	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.5
Sigma Dos/Tele 5[30]	20 Apr 1993	?	?	34.8 139/147	35.0 143/151	12.5 27	–	4.9 ?	1.5 ?	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	?
Gallup/Ya[5][6]	18 Apr 1993	1,003	?	35.3	35.3	11.9	2.5	4.3	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	Tie
Eco Consulting/CIS[31]	15–16 Apr 1993	1,208	?	33.3	34.2	12.1	1.8	5.4	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	0.9
Vox Pública–Iope/El Periódico[6][32]	13–16 Apr 1993	6,200	?	36.0 145/160	32.6 138/149	10.7 24/26	1.7 0	3.5 17/18	1.0 5/6	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	3.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[5][6][33]	13–15 Apr 1993	8,200	?	34.4 131/143	35.8 145/158	12.1 24/30	1.1 0	5.0 18/19	1.6 6/7	1.1 3/4	0.6 0	0.5 1	0.7 1	[lower-alpha 1]	0.7 1	–	–	0.3 0	0.4 1	1.4
Intercampo/CIS[34][35]	15–26 Mar 1993	2,500	70.2	34.6	33.6	11.6	1.5	4.7	1.4	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	–	–	–	–	–	1.0
Opina/La Vanguardia[36]	22–24 Mar 1993	2,016	?	36.5 137/150	35.4 133/141	11.7 27/30	1.7 0/1	5.6 16/19	1.5 4/6	0.6 3/4	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 1]	0.9 0/1	–	–	–	–	1.1
Demoscopia/El País[5][37][38][39]	7–14 Mar 1993	10,000	65	33.9 140/152	33.3 137/149	11.5 26/29	2.0 0/1	5.0 16/20	1.2 5/6	0.9 4	–	0.5 2	0.5 1/2	[lower-alpha 1]	0.8 1	0.5 0/1	0.5 1	–	–	0.6
Gallup/Ya	8–26 Feb 1993	1,003	?	32.2	34.5	12.9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2.3
PP[40]	20 Feb 1993	?	?	32.2	35.0	13.0	2.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2.8
Sigma Dos/El Mundo	1 Feb 1993	?	?	36.5 147/157	33.0 133/138	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3.5
COPE[41]	23 Dec 1992	?	?	? 149/153	? 138/140	? 18/19	? 0	? 18/19	? 7/8	? 5/6	? 7/8	–	–	? 1/2	–	–	–	–	–	?
Europa Press[42][43]	23 Dec 1992	23,000	?	? 157/162	? 119/123	? 27/28	? 2/3	? 19/20	? 6/8	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	?
Sigma Dos/El Mundo	14 Dec 1992	?	?	36.9	31.5	10.9	2.3	5.1	1.3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.4
CIS[44][45]	4–28 Nov 1992	27,357	68.8	36.3 155	31.0 127	12.8 28	2.1 1	5.2 18	1.4 6	1.1 4	1.4 3	0.9 2	0.7 2	0.2 0	0.7 1	0.5 1	0.5 2	0.4 0	–	5.3
CIS[46][47]	28 Oct–2 Nov 1992	2,499	?	35.9	30.9	11.7	1.2	6.8	1.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[48][49]	20–22 Oct 1992	3,000	?	36.8	31.7	12.0	1.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.1
OTR–IS/El Periódico[50]	17–19 Oct 1992	?	?	37.4	31.1	11.5	2.2	5.2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	6.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo	20 Sep 1992	?	?	38.4	31.0	10.4	2.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7.4
PSOE[51]	13 Sep 1992	20,000	?	35.0– 37.0 150/155	30.0– 31.0 120	10.0– 12.0 30	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.0– 6.0
OTR–IS[52]	16 Aug 1992	?	?	37.8	31.2	11.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	6.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo	19 Jul 1992	?	?	37.1	31.6	12.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.5
PSOE[53][54][55]	1–10 Jul 1992	23,000	?	35.2 155/160	28.2 121/128	12.2 28/30	5.3 3	? 17	? 7	? 3	? 3	? 2	? 2	? 1	? 2	? 1	? 1	? 1	–	7.0
PP[56][57]	7 Jul 1992	2,500	65	35.0	31.0	11.0	2.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4.0
Opina/La Vanguardia[58]	19–20 May 1992	1,000	?	37.5	27.8	10.0	2.9	5.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[59][60]	26 Apr 1992	?	?	37.6 159/166	30.8 118/125	10.6 23/25	1.4 1	? 18/20	? 5/6	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	6.8
PP	5 Apr 1992	?	?	38.0	31.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7.0
PP[61]	3 Mar 1992	?	?	37.0	30.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[62]	29 Dec 1991	?	?	38.5	29.3	10.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[63]	22 Sep 1991	?	?	39.2	29.5	10.3	2.7	4.8	1.4	1.1	–	–	0.6	0.4	–	–	–	–	–	9.7
1991 local elections	26 May 1991	N/A	62.8	38.3	25.7	8.4	3.9	4.9	1.6	1.1	1.8	1.0	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.6	–	12.6
PSOE[64]	9 Apr 1991	?	?	41.5 177	26.0 108	10.7 ?	6.0 ?	5.0 ?	1.2 ?	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	26–28 Oct 1990	1,000	?	39.1	28.2	10.8	4.6	5.0	1.2	1.1	1.3	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	10.9
OTR–IS/El Periódico[66]	20 Sep–1 Oct 1990	?	?	38.3	27.2	10.2	3.9	5.3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	11.1
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	23 Sep 1990	?	?	39.5	28.1	10.4	4.7	5.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	11.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	25 Jul 1990	1,000	?	39.8	27.4	10.2	5.2	4.8	1.2	1.1	1.3	–	0.1	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	12.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	24 Jun 1990	?	?	38.4	28.7	10.9	3.5	4.9	1.2	1.1	1.4	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	9.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	27 May 1990	?	?	36.5	29.2	12.1	4.4	5.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	–	0.7	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	7.3
ICP–Research/Diario 16[67]	13 May 1990	?	?	39.5	22.1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	17.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	22 Apr 1990	?	?	36.8	28.3	11.8	5.4	4.8	1.3	1.1	1.2	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	8.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	25 Mar 1990	?	?	37.6	28.4	11.7	4.2	4.9	1.2	1.1	1.3	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	9.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	25 Feb 1990	?	?	36.3	29.0	12.4	4.7	4.5	1.1	1.0	1.2	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	7.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	21 Jan 1990	?	?	37.0	29.1	10.4	5.9	4.9	1.2	1.0	1.1	–	0.6	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	7.9
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[65]	31 Dec 1989	?	?	39.8	26.2	9.5	6.9	4.9	1.2	1.1	1.0	–	0.7	0.6	–	–	–	–	–	13.6
1989 general election	29 Oct 1989	N/A	69.7	39.6 175	25.8 107	9.1 17	7.9 14	5.0 18	1.2 5	1.1 4	1.0 2	0.7 2	0.7 2	0.5 2	0.4 0	0.4 1	0.3 1	0.2 0	–	13.8

Voting preferences

Polls shown below show the recording of raw responses for each party as a percentage of total responses before disregarding those who opted to abstain and prior to the adjusting for the likely votes of those who were undecided to obtain an estimate of vote share. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded.

Date	Polling firm/Source	PSOE	PP	IU	CDS	CiU	PNV	Oth.	No party	Und.
6 Jun 1993	General Election	29.5	26.4	7.3	1.3	3.8	0.9	7.2	23.6	0.0
25–29 May	CIS	27.0	18.0	7.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	7.0	6.0	30.0
17–22 May	ASEP	32.1	17.7	8.4	1.0			11.9	7.2	21.7
15–19 May	CIS	24.3	16.9	6.8	1.1	3.4	0.7	6.9	7.6	32.3
14–16 May	Ábaco	19.9	21.5	7.2	1.6	3.0	1.0	46.8
24–28 Apr	CIS	22.0	16.2	6.5	1.0	3.6	0.6	7.0	7.3	35.8
19–24 Apr	ASEP	28.3	18.9	6.5	1.5			11.5	9.1	24.2
15–16 Apr	CIS	22.8	20.5	4.9	0.1	2.0	0.6	4.1	3.8	41.2
15–26 Mar	CIS	27.3	19.1	7.2	1.1	3.5	1.1	6.6	10.6	23.5
15–20 Mar	ASEP	24.6	20.2	7.1	1.4			13.5	11.9	21.3
15–20 Feb	ASEP	26.1	21.8	5.7	1.4			11.7	10.0	23.3
8–13 Feb	CIS	23.1	20.3	6.4	1.1	3.0	0.9	4.7	11.4	29.1
27 Jan–1 Feb	CIS	20.0	12.0	6.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	4.0	13.0	41.0
18–23 Jan	ASEP	21.6	15.7	7.4	1.3			11.7	11.0	31.3
1 Jan	CIS	20.6	12.4	5.5	0.9	1.8	0.6	4.3	15.1	38.8
1993
15–18 Dec	CIS	22.8	13.6	6.4	1.3	2.4	0.8	3.8	10.6	38.3
11–15 Dec	Demoscopia	27.9	21.1	7.0	2.0			42.0
9–14 Dec	ASEP	21.3	17.6	6.7	2.1			11.0	12.9	28.4
1–4 Dec	CIS	20.5	11.9	5.0	1.2	2.3	0.5	3.8	12.3	42.5
9–14 Nov	ASEP	22.1	15.6	6.8	1.6			12.2	14.6	27.1
28 Oct–2 Nov	CIS	24.0	12.0	6.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	4.0	14.0	35.0
13–17 Oct	ASEP	24.1	13.8	6.9	1.6			13.3	14.0	26.3
9–14 Oct	CIS	24.4	10.7	4.4	0.8	2.9	0.5	4.0	15.4	36.9
14–19 Sep	ASEP	25.5	15.4	6.8	1.6			11.7	14.2	24.8
8–11 Sep	CIS	22.4	11.4	6.3	0.7	3.3	0.7	4.2	13.2	37.8
9–14 Jul	CIS	26.5	10.6	6.6	1.0	1.9	1.6	4.0	13.1	34.7
1–8 Jul	ASEP	26.0	16.4	6.2	1.5			12.5	13.1	24.3
26 Jun–2 Jul	Demoscopia	28.0	18.0	8.4				45.6
16–20 Jun	CIS	27.0	13.4	6.5	1.2	2.3	0.9	4.4	11.9	32.4
8–13 Jun	ASEP	27.8	17.7	8.4	1.8			11.7	12.4	20.2
5–21 May	CIS	24.3	10.3	6.3	1.2	2.8	0.7	5.0	14.2	35.2
11–16 May	ASEP	25.1	15.9	8.2	1.8			13.4	13.2	22.4
24–29 Apr	CIS	21.6	9.3	4.6	1.0	3.3	0.8	4.0	16.7	38.7
6–11 Apr	ASEP	29.1	15.7	7.3	1.9			11.3	12.9	21.8
24–29 Mar	Demoscopia	30.0	18.0	7.6		4.6		39.8
9–14 Mar	ASEP	29.0	15.5	6.8	2.6			12.9	12.8	20.4
27 Feb–2 Mar	CIS	28.8	11.4	5.2	0.8	2.7	0.6	3.1	11.6	35.8
10–15 Feb	ASEP	28.9	16.8	6.7	1.9			10.4	11.7	23.6
29 Jan–3 Feb	CIS	26.6	10.4	4.9	1.5	2.6	1.0	3.3	13.1	36.6
13–18 Jan	ASEP	30.2	15.8	6.6	2.0			12.9	12.9	19.6
1992
30 Dec	Demoscopia	33.0	15.0	5.1		3.4		43.5
9–14 Dec	ASEP	31.1	14.8	6.7	2.1			10.9	15.7	18.7
1 Dec	CIS	29.6	11.8	4.7	1.7	2.5	0.6	4.9	11.6	32.6
22–27 Nov	CIS	32.7	11.0	6.3	1.5	2.5	1.3	3.6	11.4	29.7
11–16 Nov	ASEP	31.3	15.0	6.5	3.0			11.7	13.0	19.5
19–23 Oct	CIS	28.9	13.4	6.0	1.8	3.1	0.8	3.9	12.2	29.9
14–19 Oct	ASEP	28.7	12.7	7.1	2.1			10.5	14.6	24.3
18–21 Sep	CIS	29.7	9.6	5.0	1.0	4.5	2.4	6.3	11.0	30.5
16–20 Sep	ASEP	29.7	13.2	5.6	1.7			12.4	13.9	23.5
1–15 Jul	CIS	29.3	12.2	6.7	1.8	2.9	0.9	5.5	10.8	29.9
10–15 Jun	ASEP	30.3	15.5	7.0	2.0			11.7	9.7	23.8
1 Jun	CIS	26.6	11.0	6.7	1.5	3.2	1.1	5.4	11.3	33.2
13–18 May	ASEP	28.7	12.1	7.5	3.5			11.0	10.6	26.6
17–20 Apr	CIS	25.2	10.7	4.3	1.2	2.4	0.8	3.8	11.5	40.1
15–20 Apr	ASEP	29.7	12.1	6.3	2.6			9.7	12.6	27.0
23–26 Mar	CIS	31.1	10.8	5.3	1.6	2.8	0.8	4.4	9.2	34.0
18–23 Mar	ASEP	33.9	12.5	6.6	3.6			11.8	9.6	22.0
11–16 Feb	ASEP	28.7	12.8	8.5	4.2			12.1	13.1	20.6
3–5 Feb	CIS	26.0	9.8	6.8	2.3	3.3	1.2	3.9	12.6	34.1
21–23 Jan	CIS	27.4	9.2	4.9	2.2	1.9	0.7	3.9	13.2	36.6
14–18 Jan	ASEP	26.0	13.2	8.6	3.1			12.1	13.2	23.8
1991
18–21 Dec	CIS	27.6	11.0	6.0	2.4	3.2	1.0	4.0	12.7	32.1
10–15 Dec	ASEP	26.0	15.5	7.3	4.1			11.7	12.0	23.4
22–27 Nov	CIS	33.7	10.6	6.2	1.9	2.9	0.9	4.2	10.5	29.1
15–20 Nov	ASEP	27.5	13.1	5.5	2.0			11.6	13.0	27.3
18–22 Oct	CIS	29.3	10.9	5.5	2.9	3.4	1.0	4.2	11.3	31.5
15–20 Oct	ASEP	24.5	13.9	6.6	2.5			12.2	10.8	29.5
17–21 Sep	ASEP	27.1	12.8	5.4	1.7			11.5	11.1	30.4
18–20 Sep	CIS	26.9	12.1	6.1	2.6	2.5	0.6	4.1	10.9	34.2
12–19 Jul	CIS	32.9	10.8	5.9	2.0	3.0	0.4	4.6	11.0	29.4
2–6 Jul	ASEP	28.6	13.1	6.4	3.2			8.8	9.2	30.7
21–26 Jun	CIS	31.9	12.7	7.5	2.9	3.4	0.9	3.8	9.3	27.6
11–16 Jun	ASEP	25.3	10.6	7.5	3.9			10.0	11.0	31.7
17–21 May	CIS	31.6	11.8	8.0	2.1	2.5	0.8	4.9	8.1	30.2
14–19 May	ASEP	27.3	11.8	6.7	1.9			10.8	11.6	29.9
2–5 May	CIS	27.2	14.8	7.4	2.6	3.1	1.1	4.4	6.8	32.6
16–20 Apr	ASEP	25.8	13.8	7.3	2.8			11.2	10.0	29.1
1–5 Apr	CIS	24.9	12.9	6.2	2.3	2.7	1.1	3.2	12.0	34.7
26–29 Mar	CIS	26.6	13.0	7.7	2.0	3.1	0.5	4.1	9.1	33.9
12–17 Mar	ASEP	29.5	15.0	7.2	2.9			11.8	9.7	23.9
19–24 Feb	CIS	27.5	13.9	7.9	4.3	3.0	1.1	3.8	10.9	27.6
12–17 Feb	ASEP	30.9	14.8	8.5	3.5			11.9	14.7	15.7
19–22 Jan	CIS	34.0	13.3	7.5	3.4	3.0	0.9	4.9	8.0	25.0
15–20 Jan	ASEP	30.7	11.0	8.4	4.1			11.7	8.3	25.8
1990
14–18 Dec	CIS	32.9	10.7	8.0	2.4	3.0	0.7	4.6	7.7	30.0
29 Nov–7 Dec	ASEP	29.9	11.5	11.0	3.9			10.0	8.1	25.6
18–22 Nov	CIS	31.3	11.6	8.8	3.5	3.6	1.3	5.1	9.0	25.8
6–11 Nov	ASEP	32.1	12.9	10.9	3.0			10.8	7.1	23.2
29 Oct 1989	General Election	27.4	17.9	6.3	5.5	3.5	0.9	8.2	30.3	0.0

Notes

1. Within PSOE.
2. Undecided and/or abstentionists excluded.

References

1. "El PSOE se inclina por gobernar en solitario tras su victoria electoral". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
2. "Optimismo contenido entre los socialistas tras conocer el apoyo electoral recibido según los primeros resultados". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
3. "Los sondeos se equivocaron en sus pronósticos". El País (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
4. "TVE1 y TV3 ganaron el otro 6-J". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 June 1993.
5. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
6. "Political Opinion polling in Spain and Portugal" (PDF). ICS. 10 September 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
7. "Sigue el empate, con ventaja del PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
8. "Aznar se perfila como ganador". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
9. "Empate entre el PSOE y el PP en estimación de voto, según el CIS". El País (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
10. "El PP supera en cinco escaños a los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
11. "Aznar sitúa al PP en cabeza con una mínima diferencia sobre los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 30 May 1993.
12. "Lucha cerrada entre el Partido Popular y el PSOE, con ventaja de algo menos de un punto a favor de Aznar". ABC (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
13. "El PP gana en las encuestas". El País (in Spanish). 24 May 1993.
14. "Estudio CIS nº 2059. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 28 May 1993.
15. "El PSOE gana al PP por 5 escaños". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 21 May 1993.
16. "El PSOE mantiene una ligera ventaja". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1993.
17. "El PP ganaría hoy las elecciones con 149-172 escaños según una encuesta de Abaco entre 15.000 personas". ABC (in Spanish). 23 May 1993.
18. "Los sondeos a 20 días de los comicios". El País (in Spanish). 17 May 1993.
19. "El PSOE aventaja en un punto al PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 May 1993.
20. "El Partido Popular continúa su ascenso y ya supera por un punto al PSOE en intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 15 May 1993.
21. "El PP superaba en intención de voto al PSOE antes del "jueves negro" de la política económica del Gobierno". ABC (in Spanish). 15 May 1993.
22. "El PSOE dice aventajar al PP en 15 escaños". El País (in Spanish). 29 May 1993.
23. "Ligera ventaja del PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 11 May 1993.
24. "El PSOE solo supera en un punto al PP". El País (in Spanish). 16 May 1993.
25. "PSOE y PP siguen a sólo un punto de diferencia en intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 8 May 1993.
26. "34,9% contra 34,6%". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 1993.
27. "Las encuestas reflejan una ligera recuperación del voto socialista". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1993.
28. "Los análisis de los últimos datos del CIS apuntan una ligera ventaja del PP sobre el PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 5 May 1993.
29. "Puche asegura que los debates de Rtva serán "descafeinados y con soluciones de parcheo"". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 13 May 1993.
30. "Encuesta de Tele-5: El PP aventaja en cuatro escaños al PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 24 April 1993.
31. "Populares y socialistas, a menos de un punto". El País (in Spanish). 6 May 1993.
32. "Menos de diez escaños separan al PP del PSOE". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 April 1993.
33. "Resultados muy dispares en tres nuevos sondeos". El País (in Spanish). 18 April 1993.
34. "El CIS daba a los socialistas en marzo una ventaja de un punto sobre el PP". El País (in Spanish). 21 April 1993.
35. "El último sondeo del CIS reconoce el virtual empate entre el PSOE y el PP". ABC (in Spanish). 20 April 1993.
36. "Empate PSOE-PP con leve ventaja socialista". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 March 1993.
37. "La ventaja del PSOE sobre el PP se reduce a tres escaños". El País (in Spanish). 21 March 1993.
38. "El PSOE aventajaría al PP en sólo tres escaños si las elecciones fuesen mañana". El País (in Spanish). 21 March 1993.
39. "Las primeras elecciones sin ganador claro en diez años". ABC (in Spanish). 13 April 1993.
40. "La "contraencuesta" del PP asegura que ya han superado al PSOE en casi tres puntos". ABC (in Spanish). 20 February 1993.
41. "La encuesta del CIS refleja una fuerte bajada del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 24 December 1992.
42. "El PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta, pero se mantiene a 40 escaños del PP". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 January 1993.
43. "Arenas cree "interesada" la difusión de supuestos resultados de un sondeo del CIS". El País (in Spanish). 6 January 1993.
44. "El sondeo de noviembre del CIS sitúa al PP a 18 escaños del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 February 1993.
45. "El PSOE pierde 20 escaños y el PP, que gana 20, se coloca a cinco puntos de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 19 February 1993.
46. "La última encuesta del CIS sitúa al PP a 5 puntos del PSOE, la distancia más corta en esos sondeos". El País (in Spanish). 11 December 1992.
47. "La última encuesta del CIS coloca al PP a sólo cinco puntos del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 December 1992.
48. "Una encuesta sitúa a los populares a cinco puntos de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 25 October 1992.
49. "El PP, a seis puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 26 October 1992.
50. "El desgaste del PSOE deja al PP a sólo 6 puntos". El Periódico (in Spanish). 25 October 1992.
51. "Por primera vez, el PSOE tiene miedo a perder las elecciones". ABC (in Spanish). 13 September 1992.
52. "Una encuesta reduce a 6,5 puntos la diferencia entre PP y PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 16 August 1992.
53. "Una encuesta del PSOE revela que pierde la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 September 1992.
54. "Los socialistas pierden 15 escaños mientras el PP gana 21 e Izquierda Unida 11, según el sondeo 'secreto' de Guerra". El País (in Spanish). 29 September 1992.
55. "Los socialistas pierden 20 escaños, mientras el PP e IU logran un apoyo electoral récord". El País (in Spanish). 1 October 1992.
56. "PP considera que la distancia electoral con respecto al PSOE es de cuatro puntos". El País (in Spanish). 7 July 1992.
57. "El PP asegura encontrarse a menos de un millón de votos del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 August 1992.
58. "Pequeñas variaciones en la expectativa de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 25 May 1992.
59. "El PP quedaría en las próximas elecciones a medio centenar de diputados de la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 April 1992.
60. "Los socialistas perderían su actual mayoría absoluta". La Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 27 April 1992.
61. "Felipe González y José María Aznar, los políticos con mejor imagen según el CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 3 March 1992.
62. "Un sondeo coloca al PSOE a nueve puntos del PP". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 30 December 1991.
63. "El Partido Popular se acerca al 30 % en la intención de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 September 1991.
64. "El PSOE prepara la campaña con un aumento en la expectativa de voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 April 1991.
65. García, José Luis Álvarez (4 November 1990). Ligero descenso de la intención de voto de los socialistas y mínimo ascenso de la del PP. El Mundo (in Spanish). ISBN 9788488192011.
66. "Solo el 15% de los votantes del PSOE se considera de izquierdas". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 November 1990.
67. "Proliferacion de sondeos electorales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 May 1990.