Opinion polling for the 1996 Spanish general election
In the run up to the 1996 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Spain during the term of the 5th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 6 June 1993, to the day the next election was held, on 3 March 1996.
Voting intention estimates refer mainly to a hypothetical Congress of Deputies election. Polls are listed in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" columns on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.
Electoral polling
Graphical summary
Voting intention estimates
The table below lists nationwide voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections are displayed below the percentages in a smaller font. 176 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies.
- Color key:
Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls Exit poll
Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | PNV | BNG | Lead | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 general election | 3 Mar 1996 | N/A | 77.4 | 37.6 141 |
38.8 156 |
10.5 21 |
4.6 16 |
0.2 0 |
1.3 5 |
0.9 4 |
0.7 2 |
0.7 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.5 1 |
0.9 2 |
0.4 1 |
0.5 0 |
1.2 |
Eco Consulting/RTVE[1][2] | 3 Mar 1996 | ? | ? | 34.8 125/135 |
40.2 160/171 |
11.2 22/25 |
4.4 14/15 |
– | 1.4 6/7 |
– | – | 0.7 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 5.4 |
Demoscopia/Tele 5[1][2] | 3 Mar 1996 | ? | ? | 34.7 124/131 |
40.7 167/174 |
11.2 19/24 |
4.6 14/15 |
– | 1.1 5/6 |
– | – | 0.8 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 6.0 |
Sigma Dos/Antena 3[1][2][3] | 3 Mar 1996 | ? | ? | 33.7 120/132 |
41.1 164/174 |
11.4 22/25 |
4.2 13/14 |
– | 1.6 6/7 |
0.9 4 |
0.8 2 |
0.8 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.5 1 |
0.9 2 |
0.5 1 |
– | 7.4 |
CIS[4][5] | 27 Feb–1 Mar 1996 | 2,491 | 76.0 | 36.8 | 39.2 | 11.5 | 4.0 | – | 0.9 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 2.4 |
Inner Line[6][7] | 16–22 Feb 1996 | 6,048 | ? | 36.1 136/142 |
40.6 158/166 |
11.9 21/22 |
4.4 14/15 |
– | ? 5 |
– | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 4.5 |
Demoscopia/El País[6][8] | 17–21 Feb 1996 | 3,500 | 80 | 33.4 118/128 |
42.4 170/178 |
12.3 24/27 |
4.2 13/15 |
– | 1.1 5/6 |
0.8 3 |
0.5 2 |
0.9 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.4 1 |
0.6 1 |
0.3 0 |
0.6 0/1 |
9.0 |
CIS[9][10] | 12–21 Feb 1996 | 6,642 | 75.8 | 34.1 | 41.2 | 11.4 | 4.5 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 7.1 |
Metra Seis/Colpisa[6] | 10–21 Feb 1996 | 15,000 | 77–79 | 32.2 116/130 |
41.7 173/181 |
11.9 20/27 |
4.2 14/16 |
– | 1.3 5/6 |
0.7 3 |
0.7 1/2 |
0.8 1/2 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.5 1 |
0.7 1/2 |
0.3 0/1 |
0.5 0/1 |
9.5 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[11] | 19–20 Feb 1996 | 2,369 | ? | 35.0 135/145 |
41.0 160/170 |
10.5 19/21 |
4.5 14/15 |
– | 1.5 5/6 |
– | – | 1.0 1/2 |
[lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 6.0 |
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/El Mundo[6][12] | 15–20 Feb 1996 | 12,990 | ? | 31.4 113/123 |
42.3 170/179 |
12.2 25/29 |
4.2 14/15 |
– | 1.5 6/7 |
0.6 2/3 |
0.7 2 |
0.8 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | ? 1 |
0.7 0 |
? 1 |
– | 10.9 |
Metra Seis/Colpisa[6] | 19 Feb 1996 | 7,566 | 79.5 | 32.0– 33.0 120/128 |
41.0– 42.0 170/175 |
12.0 23/29 |
4.0 14 |
– | ? 5 |
? 3 |
? 2 |
? 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | ? 1 |
? 1/2 |
? 0/1 |
– | 9.0 |
Vox Pública/El Periódico[6][13] | 11–16 Feb 1996 | 12,069 | 84 | 33.5 119/129 |
41.2 165/175 |
11.7 18/27 |
4.5 14/16 |
– | 1.3 5 |
0.7 2/3 |
0.7 2 |
0.9 1/2 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.5 1/2 |
0.6 1 |
0.4 0/1 |
– | 7.7 |
ABC[14] | 14 Feb 1996 | 25,000 | ? | ? 118/119 |
? 172 |
? 30/31 |
? 13 |
– | ? 7 |
? 3 |
? 2 |
? 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | ? 1 |
? 2 |
– | – | ? |
PSOE[15] | 6–10 Feb 1996 | 2,400 | ? | 36.2 | 40.3 | 12.5 | 3.6 | – | – | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 4.1 |
Tábula V/ABC[16] | 1–10 Feb 1996 | 3,035 | ? | 32.5 117/125 |
44.1 176/184 |
12.8 22/28 |
4.2 13/14 |
– | 0.8 4/5 |
? 2 |
? 3/4 |
? 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | – | ? 2 |
– | – | 11.6 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[6][17] | 6–8 Feb 1996 | 1,000 | ? | 31.5 | 41.8 | 11.9 | 4.2 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 10.3 |
Demoscopia/El País[6][18] | 3–7 Feb 1996 | 3,500 | 80 | 32.6 | 41.7 | 12.8 | 4.5 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 9.1 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[19] | 5–6 Feb 1996 | 1,185 | 75–80 | 34.0 135/140 |
40.5 160/170 |
11.0 19/21 |
4.5 13/15 |
– | 1.5 5/6 |
– | – | 1.0 1/2 |
[lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 6.5 |
Tábula V/ABC[20] | 29 Jan–5 Feb 1996 | 4,503 | ? | 28.0– 31.5 108/123 |
39.0– 41.0 168/172 |
13.5– 15.0 24/35 |
4.8– 5.0 15/17 |
– | 1.1 5/6 |
1.0 3 |
0.9 2 |
0.5 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.5 1 |
0.7 1 |
0.5 1 |
– | 9.5– 11.0 |
Vox Pública/El Periódico[21] | 30–31 Jan 1996 | 2,028 | ? | 31.8 | 42.5 | 12.0 | 4.4 | – | – | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 10.7 |
Gallup/El Correo[6] | 11–31 Jan 1996 | 2,010 | 77 | 34.5 | 38.8 | 12.4 | 5.0 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 4.3 |
PP[22][23] | 25–29 Jan 1996 | 4,551 | 79 | 31.5 | 42.0 | 13.5 | 4.2 | – | 1.0 | – | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 10.5 |
Tábula V/ABC[24] | 23–26 Jan 1996 | 1,200 | 79 | 30.0 117/130 |
43.0 168/181 |
11.0 22 |
5.5 18 |
– | 1.5 4 |
– | – | – | [lower-alpha 1] | – | – | – | – | 13.0 |
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/El Mundo[6][25] | 21–25 Jan 1996 | 11,000 | ? | 31.4 121/126 |
41.4 167/174 |
12.6 25/31 |
4.0 13 |
– | 1.4 6/7 |
0.6 2/3 |
0.7 2 |
0.8 1 |
[lower-alpha 1] | 0.4 1 |
0.6 1/2 |
0.3 0 |
– | 10.0 |
Demoscopia/El País[6][26] | 14 Jan 1996 | 2,500 | 78 | 33.8 | 40.5 | 12.2 | 4.5 | – | 1.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.7 |
CIS[27][28] | 10–14 Jan 1996 | 2,499 | 78.1 | 33.7 | 40.6 | 11.0 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.9 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[6][29] | 11–12 Jan 1996 | 1,000 | ? | 30.9 115/120 |
40.6 167/174 |
13.0 27/30 |
4.4 15/17 |
– | 1.3 5 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.7 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[30] | 8–9 Jan 1996 | 1,500 | ? | 34.0 135/145 |
39.5 155/165 |
10.5 20/22 |
4.5 14/16 |
– | 1.5 4/5 |
– | – | 1.0 1 |
– | – | – | – | – | 5.5 |
Gallup/El Correo[6] | 7 Jan 1996 | 2,031 | 77 | 32.7 | 39.0 | 12.9 | 4.6 | – | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.3 |
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/El Mundo [31][32] |
3–4 Jan 1996 | 1,000 | ? | 31.2 115/120 |
40.3 165/173 |
13.1 29/30 |
4.6 16/17 |
– | 1.2 5 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.1 |
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/El Mundo[6][33] | 19–20 Dec 1995 | 1,000 | ? | 31.5 115/123 |
40.2 165/173 |
13.6 29/30 |
4.7 16/17 |
– | 1.2 5 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.7 |
Tábula V[34] | 18 Dec 1995 | ? | ? | 25.0 | 41.0 | 16.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.0 |
CIS[35][36] | 9–14 Dec 1995 | 2,478 | 78.8 | 33.7 | 40.5 | 11.9 | 5.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.8 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[33] | 12–13 Dec 1995 | 1,000 | ? | 30.2 | 41.3 | 13.3 | 4.7 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.1 |
Imagen & Opinión/ABC[37] | 21–23 Nov 1995 | 1,000 | ? | 32.7 127 |
42.4 172 |
12.8 25 |
4.5 14 |
– | 1.2 5 |
0.6 3 |
0.8 2 |
0.7 1 |
0.4 1 |
0.4 1 |
– | 0.3 0 |
– | 6.8 |
CIS[38][39] | 8–13 Nov 1995 | 2,486 | 75.4 | 32.1 | 39.4 | 13.3 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7.3 |
Eco Consulting/Cadena SER[40] | 25 Sep–6 Oct 1995 | 1,870 | ? | 31.0 | 39.6 | 12.3 | 5.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.6 |
Demoscopia/El País[41][42] | 30 Sep–2 Oct 1995 | 1,200 | ? | 30.0 | 40.0– 42.0 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10.0– 12.0 |
PSOE[43] | 25–30 Sep 1995 | 3,000 | ? | 32.0– 33.0 |
38.0– 39.0 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.0 |
CIS[44][45] | 13–17 Sep 1995 | 2,493 | 79.0 | 31.9 | 40.2 | 12.7 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.3 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[46][47] | 13–14 Sep 1995 | 1,000 | ? | 28.3 | 42.0 | 14.1 | 4.7 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13.7 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[47] | 28 Jul 1995 | ? | ? | 29.3 | 41.7 | 13.5 | 4.6 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12.4 |
CIS[48][49] | 12–17 Jul 1995 | 2,494 | ? | 31.7 | 41.5 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.8 |
CIS[50][51] | 25–30 Jun 1995 | 2,484 | ? | 32.3 | 42.2 | 12.0 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.9 |
CIS[52][53] | 8–19 Jun 1995 | 6,510 | ? | 31.6 | 41.8 | 13.3 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10.2 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[54] | 10 Jun 1995 | ? | ? | 29.4 | 41.2 | 14.0 | 4.6 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.8 |
CIS[55][56] | 25–31 May 1995 | 2,492 | ? | 32.0 | 42.6 | 12.3 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10.6 |
1995 local elections | 28 May 1995 | N/A | 69.9 | 30.8 | 35.3 | 11.7 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[57][58] | 9–16 May 1995 | 15,500 | ? | 28.2 106 |
41.8 177 |
14.2 33 |
5.1 18 |
– | ? 5 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13.6 |
Demoscopia/El País[59][60] | 10–15 May 1995 | 16,700 | ? | 27.0 | 43.0 | 15.0 | 4.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.0 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[61][62] | 25 Apr–2 May 1995 | ? | ? | 27.8 99/107 |
42.3 170/184 |
14.5 35 |
4.8 ? |
– | 1.3 ? |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14.5 |
CIS[63][64] | 19–23 Apr 1995 | 2,497 | ? | 31.7 | 41.6 | 13.0 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.9 |
CIS[65][66] | 19–26 Mar 1995 | 2,496 | ? | 32.0 | 40.3 | 14.0 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 1.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.3 |
Demoscopia/El País[67] | 4–7 Mar 1995 | 1,200 | 72 | 30.7 | 38.1 | 15.5 | 4.2 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7.4 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[68][69] | 22 Feb–2 Mar 1995 | 16,150 | ? | 28.7 110 |
41.0 170 |
14.4 35 |
5.0 18 |
– | 1.3 5 |
? 3 |
? 3 |
? 1 |
? 1 |
? 1 |
0.8 2 |
? 1 |
– | 12.3 |
CIS[70][71] | 2–9 Feb 1995 | 2,496 | ? | 33.1 | 39.9 | 12.8 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.8 |
CIS[72][73] | 20–30 Jan 1995 | 3,991 | ? | 33.3 | 39.6 | 12.4 | 5.5 | 0.9 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.3 |
Gallup/ABC[74] | 11–27 Jan 1995 | 2,008 | 73 | 30.9 | 39.6 | 13.3 | 5.5 | – | 1.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.7 |
CIS[75][76] | 12–17 Jan 1995 | 2,496 | ? | 33.0 | 39.4 | 13.6 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.4 |
Gruppo/ABC[77] | 31 Dec–2 Jan 1995 | 1,000 | ? | 27.0– 29.0 110/119 |
40.0– 42.0 162/170 |
16.0– 18.0 30/34 |
4.5– 4.9 14/17 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13.0 |
CIS[78][79] | 14–19 Dec 1994 | 2,488 | ? | 34.8 | 37.1 | 13.0 | 5.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3 |
Demoscopia/El País[80][81] | 11–13 Dec 1994 | 1,200 | 72 | 30.7 | 38.2 | 15.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7.5 |
CIS[82][83] | 1–13 Dec 1994 | 2,491 | ? | 35.5 | 37.8 | 12.4 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[84] | 7 Dec 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 28.5 | 40.8 | 16.3 | 4.8 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12.3 |
Tábula V/ABC[85] | 28 Nov–2 Dec 1994 | 4,542 | ? | 24.0 | 40.0 | 19.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.0 |
CIS[86][87] | 12–16 Nov 1994 | 2,493 | ? | 35.1 | 37.2 | 12.9 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.1 |
OTR–IS/El Periódico[88][89] | 7–16 Nov 1994 | ? | ? | 28.2 | 41.3 | 15.2 | 4.9 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13.1 |
CIS[90][91] | 19–24 Oct 1994 | 2,494 | ? | 35.3 | 37.4 | 12.1 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 1.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.1 |
Gruppo/ABC[92] | 5–6 Oct 1994 | 1,000 | ? | 31.0– 32.0 |
40.0– 41.0 |
14.0– 15.0 |
4.0– 5.0 |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.0 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[93] | 29 Sep–1 Oct 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 35.0 | 37.0 | 15.0 | 5.0 | – | 1.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.0 |
OTR–IS/El Periódico[94][88] | 26–30 Sep 1994 | 1,204 | ? | 29.8 | 39.6 | 14.7 | 4.9 | – | 1.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.8 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[95] | 1 Sep 1994 | ? | ? | 29.6 | 41.2 | 14.3 | 4.9 | – | 1.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.6 |
OTR–IS/El Periódico[96][97] | 27 Jun–13 Jul 1994 | 1,200 | ? | 28.4 | 41.6 | 14.7 | 5.1 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13.2 |
CIS[98][99] | 1–5 Jul 1994 | 2,492 | 78.8 | 31.1 | 40.2 | 11.7 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.1 |
1994 EP election | 12 Jun 1994 | N/A | 59.1 | 30.8 116 |
40.1 169 |
13.4 30 |
4.3 19 |
1.0 0 |
1.3 5 |
0.6 3 |
0.9 3 |
0.8 1 |
0.2 0 |
0.5 1 |
0.7 2 |
0.6 1 |
0.7 0 |
9.3 |
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/Antena 3[100] | 3–4 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | 30.6 | 40.2 | 13.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6 |
Vox Pública/El Periódico[101] | 31 May–2 Jun 1994 | 1,303 | 61.8 | 30.5 | 40.7 | 15.2 | 4.1 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10.2 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[102] | 30 May–1 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 34.0 | 39.0 | 14.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | 0.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5.0 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[103] | 14 May 1994 | ? | ? | 32.8 | 37.6 | 13.5 | 4.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.8 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[104] | 8–11 Apr 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 36.0 | 38.0 | 12.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | 0.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.0 |
OTR–IS/El Periódico[88] | 28 Mar–3 Apr 1994 | ? | ? | 34.5 | 37.8 | 11.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.3 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[105] | 23–24 Mar 1994 | 1,000 | ? | 34.4 | 37.7 | 11.2 | 4.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.3 |
Gallup/ABC[106] | 10 Jan–28 Feb 1994 | 4,010 | 68.7 | 32.4 | 39.1 | 10.8 | 5.3 | – | 1.8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.7 |
Iope–Etmar/Tele 5[107] | 19 Jan 1994 | ? | ? | 31.0 | 36.2 | 11.0 | 5.7 | – | 1.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5.2 |
Gallup/ABC[108] | 19–29 Dec 1993 | 1,008 | 70.0 | 33.8 | 38.6 | 10.4 | 5.1 | – | 1.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.8 |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[109] | 26 Dec 1993 | ? | ? | 36.0 | 36.5 | 11.6 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 | – | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.5 |
1993 general election | 6 Jun 1993 | N/A | 76.4 | 38.8 159 |
34.8 141 |
9.6 18 |
4.9 17 |
1.8 0 |
1.2 5 |
0.9 4 |
0.9 2 |
0.8 1 |
0.6 1 |
0.5 1 |
0.5 0 |
0.5 1 |
0.4 0 |
4.0 |
Leadership polling
Preferred Prime Minister
The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become Prime Minister.
Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Other/ None/ Not care |
Lead | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
González PSOE |
Aznar PP | ||||||
CIS[9][10] | 12–21 Feb 1996 | 6,642 | 43.8 | 33.6 | 1.2 | 21.3 | 10.2 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[11] | 19–20 Feb 1996 | 2,369 | 31.2 | 34.4 | 34.3 | 3.2 | |
Opina/La Vanguardia[19] | 5–6 Feb 1996 | 1,185 | 28.6 | 34.0 | 28.4 | 5.4 | |
CIS[27][28] | 10–14 Jan 1996 | 2,499 | 36.9 | 32.5 | 10.6 | 20.0 | 4.4 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[30] | 8–9 Jan 1996 | 1,500 | 32.1 | 31.6 | 36.4 | 0.5 | |
Demoscopia/El País[110] | 20 Dec 1995 | 2,500 | 36.0 | 27.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | |
CIS[35][36] | 9–14 Dec 1995 | 2,478 | 36.1 | 32.0 | 12.8 | 19.1 | 4.1 |
CIS[38][39] | 8–13 Nov 1995 | 2,486 | 35.6 | 29.7 | 11.8 | 22.9 | 5.9 |
CIS[44][45] | 13–17 Sep 1995 | 2,493 | 30.4 | 30.2 | 13.9 | 25.4 | 0.2 |
CIS[50][51] | 25–30 Jun 1995 | 2,484 | 33.3 | 36.9 | 1.1 | 28.7 | 3.6 |
CIS[63][64] | 19–23 Apr 1995 | 2,497 | 29.3 | 34.2 | 21.7 | 14.8 | 4.9 |
CIS[65][66] | 19–26 Mar 1995 | 2,496 | 34.2 | 33.6 | 21.5 | 10.8 | 0.6 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[111] | 10 Feb 1995 | 1,000 | 23.5 | 32.3 | 15.4 | 28.8 | 8.8 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[93] | 29 Sep–1 Oct 1994 | 2,000 | 26.4 | 24.3 | 11.5 | 38.0 | 2.1 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[112] | 30 May–1 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | 23.2 | 34.3 | 13.2 | 29.2 | 11.1 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[113] | 8–11 Apr 1994 | 2,000 | 24.6 | 32.5 | 8.5 | 34.4 | 7.9 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[114] | 28–29 Sep 1993 | 1,500 | 31.0 | 27.4 | 13.5 | 28.1 | 3.6 |
Predicted Prime Minister
The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood for each leader to become Prime Minister.
Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Other/ None/ Not care |
Lead | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
González PSOE |
Aznar PP | ||||||
Opina/La Vanguardia[11] | 19–20 Feb 1996 | 2,369 | 12.3 | 63.7 | 24.0 | 51.4 | |
Opina/La Vanguardia[19] | 5–6 Feb 1996 | 1,185 | 13.7 | 60.6 | 25.4 | 46.9 | |
Opina/La Vanguardia[30] | 8–9 Jan 1996 | 1,500 | 19.9 | 51.0 | 29.1 | 31.1 | |
Opina/La Vanguardia[111] | 10 Feb 1995 | 1,000 | 24.0 | 43.9 | 2.0 | 30.1 | 19.9 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[93] | 29 Sep–1 Oct 1994 | 2,000 | 29.1 | 37.7 | 0.9 | 32.2 | 8.6 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[112] | 30 May–1 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | 28.0 | 36.5 | 2.6 | 32.8 | 8.5 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[113] | 8–11 Apr 1994 | 2,000 | 29.8 | 36.2 | 1.2 | 32.8 | 6.4 |
Opina/La Vanguardia[114] | 28–29 Sep 1993 | 1,500 | 46.8 | 23.6 | 2.1 | 27.5 | 23.2 |
Felipe González
Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Felipe González (PSOE) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net | ||||||
Inner Line[7] | 16–22 Feb 1996 | 6,048 | 49.8 | 38.2 | 12.0 | +11.6 |
CIS[9][10] | 12–21 Feb 1996 | 6,642 | 45.7 | 43.5 | 10.7 | +2.2 |
CIS[27][28] | 10–14 Jan 1996 | 2,499 | 39.1 | 49.1 | 11.8 | −10.0 |
CIS[35][36] | 9–14 Dec 1995 | 2,478 | 40.0 | 48.6 | 11.4 | −8.6 |
CIS[38][39] | 8–13 Nov 1995 | 2,486 | 36.1 | 51.8 | 12.1 | −15.7 |
CIS[115][116] | 17–22 Oct 1995 | 2,493 | 31.3 | 53.8 | 14.8 | −22.5 |
CIS[44][45] | 13–17 Sep 1995 | 2,493 | 30.0 | 54.8 | 15.2 | −24.8 |
CIS[48][49] | 12–17 Jul 1995 | 2,494 | 33.9 | 54.0 | 12.1 | −20.1 |
CIS[50][51] | 25–30 Jun 1995 | 2,484 | 32.0 | 55.5 | 12.5 | −23.5 |
CIS[55][56] | 25–31 May 1995 | 2,492 | 37.2 | 49.8 | 13.0 | −12.6 |
Gallup/ABC[117] | 3–7 Apr 1995 | 1,000 | 25.0 | 48.0 | 27.0 | −23.0 |
CIS[63][64] | 19–23 Apr 1995 | 2,497 | 31.1 | 54.4 | 14.5 | −23.3 |
CIS[65][66] | 19–26 Mar 1995 | 2,496 | 32.1 | 54.8 | 13.2 | −22.7 |
CIS[70][71] | 2–9 Feb 1995 | 2,496 | 36.8 | 49.0 | 14.1 | −12.2 |
CIS[75][76] | 12–17 Jan 1995 | 2,496 | 36.2 | 52.9 | 11.0 | −16.7 |
CIS[82][83] | 14–19 Dec 1994 | 2,488 | 39.5 | 48.0 | 12.6 | −8.5 |
CIS[86][87] | 12–16 Nov 1994 | 2,493 | 40.5 | 46.4 | 13.2 | −5.9 |
CIS[118][119] | 20–26 Sep 1994 | 2,491 | 37.4 | 50.0 | 12.7 | −12.6 |
CIS[98][99] | 1–5 Jul 1994 | 2,492 | 34.4 | 54.5 | 11.0 | −20.1 |
CIS[120][121] | 6–11 Apr 1994 | 2,487 | 32.6 | 52.8 | 14.7 | −20.2 |
CIS[122][123] | 18–30 Mar 1994 | 2,501 | 34.6 | 49.3 | 16.1 | −14.7 |
Gallup/ABC[124] | 10–30 Mar 1994 | 1,011 | 30.0 | 45.0 | 25.0 | −15.0 |
CIS[125][126] | 22 Feb–3 Mar 1994 | 2,499 | 29.7 | 55.1 | 15.2 | −25.4 |
CIS[127][128] | 12–18 Jan 1994 | 2,500 | 34.5 | 50.2 | 15.3 | −15.7 |
CIS[129][130] | 16–21 Dec 1993 | 2,500 | 35.1 | 52.1 | 12.8 | −17.0 |
CIS[131][132] | 26 Nov–1 Dec 1993 | 2,501 | 34.3 | 49.7 | 16.0 | −15.4 |
CIS[133] | 13–17 Oct 1993 | 2,499 | 40.2 | 46.2 | 13.7 | −6.0 |
CIS[134][135] | 21–27 Sep 1993 | 2,496 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 16.3 | +0.6 |
Notes
- Within PP.
References
- "Los sondeos volvieron a fracasar". El País (in Spanish). 4 March 1996.
- "Las urnas dieron un vuelco a las encuestas". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 5 March 1996.
- "Final campaña electoral 1996, y noche electoral". Antena 3 (in Spanish). 3 March 1996.
- "Barómetro de Febrero 1996 (Estudio nº 2208. Febrero 1996)". CIS (in Spanish). 13 March 1996.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2208. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 13 March 1996.
- "Political Opinion polling in Spain and Portugal" (PDF). ICS. 10 September 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "A penas cuatro puntos y medio separan la estimación de voto en favor de PSOE y PP". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 25 February 1996.
- "El PP está al borde de la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 25 February 1996.
- "Preelectoral Generales, Febrero 1996 (Estudio nº 2207. Febrero 1996)". CIS (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2207. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "El PP se consolida y el PSOE repunta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 25 February 1996.
- "El PP supera la barrera de la mayoría absoluta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 24 February 1996.
- "El PP vence y el PSOE recorta tres puntos". El Periódico de Catalunya. 20 February 1996.
- "La macroencuesta del CIS encargada por el Gobierno reconoce al PP una ventaja de más de 50 escaños". ABC (in Spanish). 14 February 1996.
- "Los sondeos coinciden en que crece la ventaja del PP sobre el PSOE". Diario de Navarra (in Spanish). 12 February 1996.
- "El PP sigue su ascenso y puede superar el 44 por ciento de los votos, lo que supondría la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 25 February 1996.
- "El PP incrementa su ventaja sobre el PSOE, al que distancia en más de 10 puntos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 February 1996.
- "El PP incrementa su ventaja sobre los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 11 February 1996.
- "Aznar consolida su mayoría relativa". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 11 February 1996.
- "El PP mantiene una ventaja de diez puntos sobre el PSOE y se sitúa al borde de la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 11 February 1996.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 11 puntos". El Periódico de Catalunya. 3 February 1996.
- "El PP asegura que aventaja al PSOE en diez puntos y medio". El País (in Spanish). 4 February 1996.
- "Los estudios del PP le indican que mantiene la ventaja". El País (in Spanish). 4 February 1996.
- "El PP puede superar al PSOE hasta en trece puntos, lo que significaría la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 21 February 1996.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 10 puntos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 January 1996.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en casi siete puntos". El País (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "Barómetro de Enero 1996: Unión Europea (Estudio nº 2204. Enero 1996)". CIS (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2204. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "El PP se distancia aún más del PSOE y se acerca a la mayoría absoluta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "El PP ganará a un PSOE que aguanta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 January 1996.
- "El PP aventaja en 9 puntos al PSOE pero no lograría ahora la mayoría absoluta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 January 1996.
- "El Partido Popular tiene la ventaja en España". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 8 January 1996.
- "La presentación de González como candidato reduce la distancia entre el PSOE y el PP". El Mundo (in Spanish). 21 December 1995. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "El PP saca al PSOE 16 puntos y sólo el 26 por ciento quiere que siga González, según el último sondeo". ABC (in Spanish). 19 December 1995.
- "Preelectoral Generales, Diciembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2201. Diciembre 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 14 December 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2201. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 14 December 1995.
- "El PP conseguiría hoy 172 diputados y quedaría a cuatro de la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 27 November 1995.
- "Preelectoral Generales, Noviembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2197. Noviembre 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 13 November 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2197. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 13 November 1995.
- "El PP obtendría ahora en unas elecciones el 39,6% de los votos y el PSOE el 31%". El País (in Spanish). 20 October 1995.
- "La distancia entre PP y PSOE se acorta 6 puntos". El País (in Spanish). 8 October 1995.
- "Una encuesta da al PP el 40% de los votos, diez puntos más que al PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 October 1995.
- "Una encuesta del PSOE da al PP sólo 5 puntos más". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 26 October 1995.
- "Preelectoral Generales, Septiembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2190. Septiembre 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 17 September 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2190. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 17 September 1995.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en casi catorce puntos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 17 September 1995.
- "El PP supera en 14 puntos al PSOE, según una encuesta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 18 September 1995.
- "Barómetro de Julio 1995 (Estudio nº 2188. Julio 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 17 July 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2188. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 17 July 1995.
- "Barómetro de Junio 1995 (Estudio nº 2184. Junio 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 30 June 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2184. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 30 June 1995.
- "Postelectoral Elecciones Autonómicas y Municipales, 1995 (Estudio nº 2183. Junio 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 19 June 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2183. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 19 June 1995.
- "El PSOE reduce casi 3 puntos su diferencia con el PP". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 June 1995.
- "Barómetro de mayo 1995 (Estudio nº 2181. Mayo 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 31 May 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2181. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 31 May 1995.
- "El PP consolida la mayoría absoluta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 22 May 1995.
- "El PP obtendría mayoría absoluta en unas generales, aunque González es el más valorado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 May 1995.
- "El PP sacaría 16 puntos al PSOE en unas generales". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1995.
- "El PP obtendría mayoría absoluta en unas generales, aunque González es el más valorado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 May 1995.
- "El PP alcanzaría la mayoría absoluta, los socialistas siguen cayendo, e IU se consolida". El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 May 1995.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 14,5 puntos, según "El Mundo"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 May 1995.
- "Barómetro CIS Abril 1995 (Estudio nº 2156. Abril 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 April 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2156. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 23 April 1995.
- "Barómetro de Marzo 1995 (Estudio nº 2151. Marzo 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 26 March 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2151. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 26 March 1995.
- "Los votantes del PSOE y del PP no se mueven". El País (in Spanish). 12 March 1995.
- "El PP tendría el 41% de los votos y el PSOE un 28,7 si se votara ahora". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 March 1995.
- "El PP mantiene una ventaja de 12 puntos sobre el PSOE, según una encuesta". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 6 March 1995.
- "Barómetro de Febrero 1995 (Estudio nº 2132. Febrero 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 9 February 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2132. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 9 February 1995.
- "Actitudes hacia la Inmigración, CIS Enero 1995 (Estudio nº 2131. Enero 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 30 January 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2131. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 30 January 1995.
- "Más de setecientos mil votantes del PSOE apoyarían al PP, que le supera en nueve puntos". ABC (in Spanish). 20 February 1995.
- "Barómetro de Enero 1995 (Estudio nº 2130. Enero 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 17 January 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2130. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 17 January 1995.
- "El PP, con más de trece puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE, se pone al borde de la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 30 January 1995.
- "Expectativas Año 1995 (Estudio nº 2128. Diciembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 19 December 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2128. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 19 December 1994.
- "El PP aventaja a los socialistas en 7,5 puntos e IU sigue creciendo". El País (in Spanish). 18 December 1994.
- "Una encuesta de "El País" da al PP una ventaja de 7,5 puntos sobre el PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 December 1994.
- "Barómetro de Diciembre 1994 (Estudio nº 2127. Diciembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 13 December 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2127. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 13 December 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 12 puntos e IU supera por primera vez el 16%, según un sondeo". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 December 1994.
- "El Partido Popular, al borde de la mayoría absoluta". CIS (in Spanish). 9 January 1995.
- "Barómetro de Noviembre 1994 (Estudio nº 2122. Noviembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 16 November 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2122. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 16 November 1994.
- "El PP aventaja en más de 13 puntos al PSOE, según OTR". ABC (in Spanish). 18 December 1994.
- "Felipe llama al PSOE a que se movilice con ánimo de victoria". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 December 1994.
- "Barómetro de Octubre 1994 (Estudio nº 2118. Octubre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 24 October 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2118. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 24 October 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en diez puntos y el 65 por 100 de los ciudadanos quiere que González se vaya". ABC (in Spanish). 9 October 1994.
- "El PP volvería a ganar pero el PSOE reduce el margen". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 October 1994.
- "El PP conserva su ventaja de 10 puntos sobre los socialistas". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en más de once puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 September 1994.
- "Felipe gana imagen pero el PSOE se hunde ante el PP". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 24 July 1994.
- "El PP aumenta su ventaja sobre el PSOE en la intención de voto". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 24 July 1994.
- "Barómetro Julio 1994 (Estudio nº 2110. Julio 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 5 July 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2110. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 5 July 1994.
- "Edición del Martes 14 de Junio de 1994. Página 28". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 14 June 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE cuando sólo faltan siete días para el 12-J". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE en cinco puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
- "El PP aventaja en cinco puntos al PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 15 May 1994.
- "El PP aventaja al PSOE para las europeas pero con casi un 50 por ciento de indecisos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.
- "Anguita es ahora el líder político más valorado, superando a González y Aznar". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 March 1994. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "El PP, con 28 escaños, sería el partido más votado hoy en las elecciones europeas". ABC (in Spanish). 13 March 1994.
- "El PP supera por cinco puntos al PSOE, según Tele 5". ABC (in Spanish). 25 January 1994.
- "El PP ganaría al PSOE si se celebrasen ahora las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo". ABC (in Spanish). 13 March 1994.
- "El PP supera en medio punto al PSOE en intención de voto". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 January 1994. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Un 53% de los españoles cree que Aznar ganará pese a que González inspira más confianza". El País (in Spanish). 20 December 1995.
- "Aznar, preferido como presidente de Gobierno pese a que González ganó el debate de la nación". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 11 February 1995.
- "Anguita, Morán y Aznar se sitúan por delante de González". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
- "Fernando Morán es el político mejor valorado por los españoles". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.
- "González, único líder que retiene el aprobado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 3 October 1993.
- "Barómetro de Octubre 1995 (Estudio nº 2194. Octubre 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 22 October 1995.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2194. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 22 October 1995.
- "Felipe González es, después de Major, el líder internacional peor valorado". ABC (in Spanish). 23 July 1995.
- "Barómetro de Septiembre 1994 (Estudio nº 2115. Septiembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 26 September 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2115. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 26 September 1994.
- "Barómetro de Abril 1994 (Estudio nº 2087. Abril 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 11 April 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2087. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 11 April 1994.
- "Barómetro de Marzo 1994 (Estudio nº 2085. Marzo 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2085. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 1994.
- "Felipe González, en el nivel más bajo de popularidad desde que llegó a la Moncloa". ABC (in Spanish). 24 April 1994.
- "Barómetro de Febrero 1994 (Estudio nº 2083. Febrero-Marzo 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 March 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2083. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 3 March 1994.
- "Barómetro de Enero 1994 (Estudio nº 2077. Enero 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 18 January 1994.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2077. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 18 January 1994.
- "Barómetro de Diciembre 1993 (Estudio nº 2076. Diciembre 1993)". CIS (in Spanish). 21 December 1993.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2076. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 21 December 1993.
- "Barómetro de Noviembre 1993 (Estudio nº 2073. Noviembre-Diciembre 1993)". CIS (in Spanish). 1 December 1993.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2073. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 December 1993.
- "Barómetro de Octubre 1993 (Estudio nº 2068. October 1993)". CIS (in Spanish). 17 October 1993.
- "Barómetro de Septiembre 1993 (Estudio nº 2066. Septiembre 1993)". CIS (in Spanish). 27 September 1993.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2066. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 27 September 1993.