Plum Beach Light

Plum Beach Light (Lighthouse), built in 1899, is a sparkplug lighthouse in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.

This article is about a lighthouse in Rhode Island. For the range lights in Wisconsin, see Plum Island Range Lights. For the lighthouse in New York State, see Plum Island Light.
Plum Beach Light
Plum Beach Light ca. 1910
LocationNarragansett Bay north of the Jamestown Verrazzano Bridge
Coordinates41.5303°N 71.4052°W / 41.5303; -71.4052[1]
Year first constructed1897[2]
Deactivated1941 (1941)[2]
FoundationIron caisson
ConstructionCast iron/concrete
Tower shapeconical "sparkplug" tower
Tower height16 metre 
Focal height16.5 metre 
CharacteristicFl W 5s 
Heritageplace listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Plum Beach Lighthouse
MPSLighthouses of Rhode Island TR
NRHP reference No.88000281[3]
Added to NRHPMarch 30, 1988

The lighthouse was built using pneumatic caisson engineering. A granite base was added in 1922. The light was deactivated in 1941 when the first Jamestown Bridge was built. The light became dilapidated until 1999 when the Friends of Plum Beach Lighthouse received ownership of the lighthouse. The lighthouse is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2003 the Plum Beach Lighthouse's exterior was completely restored and its beacon re-activated soon after; it is now licensed as a Coast Guard Private Aid to Navigation. The Friends of the Plum Beach Lighthouse designed, submitted and introduced an official License Plate to be distributed to any Rhode Island private passenger registration. The extremely popular plates have sold over 7000 sets since they were released in July 2010.

History

Lighthouse Construction

Construction started on Plum Beach Lighthouse in 1896. It was built using a pneumatic caisson. The lighthouse’s foundation was built on shore and towed to its present location and sunk to the bottom. Once the foundation settled on the bottom, the water was pumped out and filled with air. Workers went into it and dug the dirt at the bottom of the foundation. As they removed the dirt, the foundation sunk lower in to river bottom.  A core sample taken during construction discovered a seven-foot layer of quicksand at the depth the foundation was going to bottom out. Construction was stopped because the foundation had to be heightened to get past the quicksand. This required additional funding. The foundation was covered with a wooden peaked roof. A red light was placed on the unfinished foundation in 1897. Congress appropriated $9,000 in 1898 to finish it. Work was restarted in April 1899 and was finished in June 1899.  It was first lighted on July 1, 1898.

Abandonment and declining condition

The Jamestown Bridge was completed in 1940, and the lighthouse soon became obsolete. In 1941, The Coast Guard officially extinguished the light on 1 May 1941. Shortly after the lighthouse was put up for bid, with the Coast Guard giving preference to those willing to demolish or move the lighthouse within 90 days. When no bids were offered, the structure was abandoned. During the following period of disuse, the lighthouse's windows and doors disappeared, and pigeons claimed it as their home. Soon, a thick layer of guano covered the floors of the lighthouse, and was no longer safe for unprotected human contact. In 1971 and 1972, a University of Rhode Island professor and graduate student began making weekly visits to the lighthouse to conduct studies on the pigeons. To protect themselves from the guano, the URI experimenters wore masks and other protective clothing. In 1971, the professor and student discovered a natural population control system used by the pigeons, in which the birds abandoned approximately 40% of their eggs each year to keep the number of births each year nearly the same. The next year, the researchers removed 20% of the eggs, and the pigeons compensated by abandoning many fewer eggs.

Painting efforts and lawsuit

Little was done to protect the lighthouse until the mid 1970s when an attempt was made to paint the structure. Because of the amount of bird droppings in the building, the painting effort ceased after one of the workers became ill from the effects of the guano. After years of ownership squabbles between the Coast Guard and the State of Rhode Island, with neither side wanting to cover the maintenance costs, the dispute was finally settled when James Osborn, a painter who had worked at the lighthouse in the 1970s, sued the state in 1984 for $500,000 as compensation for a rare disease called histoplasmosis he contracted from all the dried guano in the lighthouse. In 1998, after much time the care spent bouncing back and forth between Rhode Island's Supreme and Superior Courts, the courts decided the state owned the structure, and the state paid Osborn $42,000 three months later.

Private ownership and restoration

In 1988, a private company attempted to purchase the lighthouse and move it to a Quincy, Massachusetts, condominium development, where they would convert it to a lighthouse history museum. When this plan was made public, Portsmouth, Rhode Island resident Shirley Silvia, organized the Friends of Plum Beach Lighthouse, a nonprofit organization, with the purpose of purchasing the lighthouse, restoring it, and preserving it in its original condition and location. However, neither group was able to buy the structure due to the disputed ownership which had not yet been decided by courts. When the State of Rhode Island was given the deed to the property in 1999, they gave ownership to the Friends of Plum Beach Lighthouse. In a ceremony held at Plum Beach, the Friends' President and founder Shirley Silvia accepted the deed from DEM Director Jan Reitsma. Also in attendance were board members Dot and George Silva, and Friends vice-president Alda Kaye. In the same year, the Friends received a $500,000 grant to restore the tower under the Transportation Act for the 21st Century. In 2000, after visiting the site, the Newport Collaborative Architects gave an estimate of $955,000 to restore the entire exterior and interior of the lighthouse.

In October 2009, the Friends of Plum Beach Lighthouse received approval to offer license plates featuring an image of the lighthouse. Proceeds from the sale of the plates would be used to maintain the lighthouse, but an initial order of 900 plates was required. The Friends were able to surpass the minimum order in just eight weeks of sales, and since then over 10,000 have been sold. Revenue from the plates was used to repaint the lighthouse in 2010 and 2017.

List of keepers and assistants
Keeper years First Assistant years
Joseph L. Eaton 1897–1899 Arthur W. White 1899–1901
Judson G. Allen 1899–1904 John D. Davies 1901
Andrew F. Smith 1901–1905
1901–1905
George Ehrhardt 1904–1911
James Joseph Bryan 1905
James Edward Creed 1905–1907
Walter Coppage 1907
Reuben W. Phillips 1907–1908
George A. Brown 1908
J. H. Royle 1908
Alfred Nelson 1909
Arthur J. Baldwin 1910
Benjamin G. Barber 1910–1911
George Troy 1911–1913 George Doige 1911–1912
James H. Bentley 1913
Charles L. Orsmby 1913–1935 John A. Miller 1914–1916
John H. Boldt 1916
Edward Grime 1916–1917
George M. Wright 1918
Dosty Robarge 1919–1929
Reuben W. Phillips 1930–1935
Reuben W. Phillips 1935–1938 John. O. Ganze 1935–1941
unknown 1938–1941
  • U.S. Coast Guard photo
  • Viewed from a boat, 2007
  • Viewed from a boat, 2007

See also

Notes
  1. Anderson, Kraig. "Plum Beach, RI". LighthouseFriends. Retrieved 2014-08-28.
  2. "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Rhode Island". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
  3. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
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