Politics of Transnistria

Politics of Transnistria, a de facto independent state situated de jure within the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe, takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Transnistria is head of state and the Prime Minister of Transnistria is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Formally, Transnistria has a multi-party system and a unicameral parliament, called the Supreme Council. The president is elected by popular vote. The latest parliamentary elections were held in December 2010; however, they were not monitored by international organizations such as Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which has expressed doubts about the level of democracy in the region, and were not recognized by other countries.

Politics of Transnistria
Politica Republicii Moldovenești Pridnestroviene (Moldovan)
Политика Приднестровской Молдавской Республики (Russian)
Політика Придністровської Молдавської Республіки (Ukrainian

Coat of arms of Transnistria
Polity type	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of Transnistria
Legislative branch
Name	Supreme Council
Type	Unicameral
Meeting place	Tiraspol, Transnistria
Presiding officer	Alexander Shcherba, Chairman of the Supreme Council
Executive branch
Head of State
Title	President
Currently	Vadim Krasnoselsky
Appointer	Direct popular vote
Head of Government
Title	Prime Minister
Currently	Aleksandr Martynov
Appointer	President
Cabinet
Name	Government of Transnistria
Current cabinet	Martynov cabinet
Leader	Prime Minister
Deputy leader	First Deputy Prime Minister
Appointer	President
Headquarters	Tiraspol, Transnistria

Political parties from Moldova do not recognize the Transnistrian government and do not participate at elections organized by it.

Elections in Transnistria

2016 Presidential election

Candidate	Party	Votes	%
Vadim Krasnoselsky	Independent	157,410	62.30
Yevgeny Shevchuk	Independent	69,179	27.38
Oleg Khorzhan	Pridnestrovie Communist Party	8,012	3.17
Vladimir Grigoryev	Independent	1,698	0.67
Irina Vasilaki	Independent	1,526	0.60
Alexander Deli	Independent	1,379	0.55
Against all		8,593	3.40
Invalid/blank votes			–
Total		254,863	100
Registered voters/turnout			59.16
Source: VSPMR

2011 Presidential election

 Summary of the 11 December and 25 December 2011 Transnistrian presidential election results

Candidate	Party	1st round		2nd round
		Votes	%	Votes	%
Yevgeny Shevchuk	Independent	95,765	38.55	165,502	73.88
Anatoliy Kaminski	Renewal	65,330	26.30	44,071	19.67
Igor Smirnov	Independent	61,248	24.66
Oleg Khorzhan	Independent (backed by the PCP)	12,646	5.09
Dmitry Soin	Breakthrough	1441	0.58
Andrey Safonov	Independent	1303	0.52
Against all		4667	1.88	9977	4.45
Invalid		5986	2.41	4460	1.99
Total number of votes cast		248,386	100.00	224,010	100.00
Turnout		248,386	58.88	224,010	52.47
Abstention				202,948	47.53
Total number of registered voters			100.00	426,958	100.00
Source: Olvia Press 2 Transnistrian CEC

2010 Parliamentary election

 Summary of the 12 December 2010 Parliament of Transnistria election results

Parties	Votes	%	Seats	+/–
Renewal (Obnovleniye)			25	+2
Breakthrough (Proriv)			1
Pridnestrovie Communist Party			1
Non-partisans			16	+15
Against all	8,810	5.13	—	—
Total (turnout 42.26%)	171,771	100	43	—
Source: Renewal RIA Novosti Olvia Press Supreme Council CEC PKP

Electorate shrinkage

As shown by census results, between 1989 and 2004 the population in Transnistria decreased by 18%.[1] This is significantly higher than the decrease of population in the Republic of Moldova (which was 6%, for the same period [2]).

Data issued by Transnistrian authorities show that of the 555,500 inhabitants, a total of 394,861 are registered to vote, down 5.6% from a year earlier.[3]

Political freedom in Transnistria

There is disagreement as to whether elections in Transnistria are free and fair. Western organizations, such as the OSCE, have declared that no democratic elections can take place in the region under the present circumstances and have refused to even monitor them.

2005 – 2006 elections

A team of Russian journalists from Moldova who covered the December 2006 explained that it was "interesting that the position is not a fear of authority, with pressure from government" but that people vote voluntarily because Chişinău, the capital of Moldova, is not an appealing alternative. According to Chişinău-based Vremea, there is now a whole generation of people in Transnistria who see Chişinău only as something negative.[4]

In August 2006, one month before the referendum against reintegration in Moldova, 4 members of pro-Moldovan NGO "Dignitas" from Slobozia were brought in for questioning by Transnistrian law enforcement as part of an investigation into a bus explosion which had taken place three days earlier and which killed two people. They were released after few days in custody, no charges being made against them.[5]

In November 2006, the Moldovan press reported that the offices of the Rîbniţa district committee of the Communist Party in Transnistria were closed by the local Transnistrian authorities.[6] The Communist Party of Moldova condemned the act and claims it was closed under false pretenses.[7]

2000 – 2001 elections

Some parties and publications were banned. People's Power Party led by Supreme Soviet member Alexander Radchenko was banned in May 2001; after an appeal the ban was lifted but was reintroduced in December 2001, again the ban was lifted to be reintroduced in August 2002 and confirmed by the "Supreme Court" in December 2002.[8]

"Power to the People" Party led by Nicolae Butchatsky was banned in February 2002.[9]

On November 14, 2001, the Transnistrian customs service banned the distribution of the publication "Glas Naroda", as it contained Radchenko's electoral platform. Radchenko said in a press conference that "Glas Naroda" has been published outside Transnistria because all the printing houses had refused to print it after having discussed the issue with representatives of the Ministry of State Security.[10]

Election results have been contested by some, as in 2001 in one region an undisclosed source reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes.[11] Nevertheless, some organizations, such as CIS-EMO, have participated and have called them democratic.

Comparison between Moldova's and Transnistria's political system

While Transnistria has a strongly centralized political system, with the president being also the head of government and having the right to appoint the heads of local (rayonal) administrations, in Moldova the prime minister, elected by the parliament, is the head of government and the heads of rayonal administrations are established by the rayonal councils resulted from local elections.

In Transnistria, the president is elected directly, while in Moldova, the president is elected by the parliament, the political structure of Moldova being a parliamentary republic.

Participation of Transnistrians at Moldovan elections

The number of Transnistrian holding Moldovan citizenship is disputed. According to the Moldovan government, 400,000 Transnistrians have Moldovan citizenship,[12] which would be the majority of the population and would exceed by a wide margin the amount of ethnic Moldovans living in Transnistria. However, 2004 Transnistrian census data puts the official number of Transnistrians with Moldovan citizenship at 107,600 people (19.4% of respondents).[13]

Transnistria does not allow the organisation of Moldovan elections in Transnistrian territory, just like Moldova does not allow the organisation of Transnistrian elections in Moldovan territory. Polling stations were organised only in those areas of Transnistria under Moldovan government control.

Political parties from Moldova have organisations in Transnistria[14] but refuse to participate in elections organized by the de facto Republic. They participate only in the elections of the Republic of Moldova.

In 2005 Moldovan parliamentary elections nine special polling stations were organised near the Dniester for "guest voters" coming from Transnistria who wished to vote in the Moldovan elections. Around 8000 citizens voted there, who were included in supplementary voter rolls. In those special polling stations results were: 30% for Communist Party of Moldova (compared with 46% in entire Moldova), 50% for Democratic Moldova Bloc (28.5% in entire Moldova), 8% for Christian-Democratic Party (9.1% in entire Moldova) and 6% for each Social Democratic Party and Patria-Rodina Bloc. Due to large turnout of Transnistrian voters queues were formed and some voters didn't manage to vote. As claimed by the Coalition for Free and Democratic Elections, many Transnistrian voters were not informed properly about the place of the voting and some owners of Soviet passports which don't bear the mention "citizen of Moldova" were not allowed to vote.[15]

See also

• Elections in Moldova

References

1. Census results of 2004 and comparation with census of 1989, by Olvia Press Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
2. Results of 2004 census in the Republic of Moldova(in Romanian)
3. PMR CEC announces final referendum results Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
4. Приднестровье // «МАЛЕНЬКАЯ СТРАНА» // 12.12 16 December 2006 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
5. Transnistria Special Forces release members of organization Dignitas
6. PCRM indignant at Tiraspol’s decision to hinder Transdniestrian Communist Party’s work
7. "Transnistria.md report of Communist office closure". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
8. Mihai Grecu, Anatol Ţăranu – The policy of linguistic cleansning in Transnistria, page 26-27
9. Mihai Grecu, Anatol Ţăranu – The policy of linguistic cleansning in Transnistria, page 27
10. Mihai Grecu, Anatol Ţăranu – The policy of linguistic cleansing in Transnistria, page 27
11. "Freedom in the World – Transnistria [Moldova] (2004)". Freedom House. 18 December 2003. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
12. Nearly 400 thousand Transnistrians have Moldovan passports (Azi.md)
13. 2004 Census results Archived February 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
14. Position of Transnistrian structures of "Our Moldova" Alliance
15. e-democracy report about 2005 Moldovan election

External links

• Transnistria's "Government" Showcases Foreign, Minority Rule, Global Policy Forum, 2 February 2007
• Russian organizations in Transnistria campaign for a second Kaliningrad, Vladimir Socor, Eurasia Daily Monitor, 11 August 2006
• Russia’s Business to Vote for President of Transdniestria, Kommersant, 1 November 2006
• A thaw in the river, The Economist 19 April 2007