South African Class 43-000

The Transnet Freight Rail Class 43-000 of 2011 is a South African diesel-electric locomotive.

South African Class 43-000
No. 43-121 at Pyramid South, 14 May 2013
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
DesignerGeneral Electric
BuilderGeneral Electric
Transnet Rail Engineering
Serial numberGE built:
58851-58855/2010
58856-58860/2011
ModelGE C30ACi
Build date2010-2015
Total produced203 (TFR)
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARC-C
 • UICCo'Co'
 • CommonwealthCo-Co
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Wheel diameter1,041 mm (41.0 in) new
965 mm (38.0 in) worn
Loco weight126,000 kg (278,000 lb)
Fuel typeDiesel
Fuel capacity7,000 litres (1,500 imp gal)
Prime mover12-cylinder 2.2MW FDL12
Engine typeDiesel engine
AspirationElectronic fuel-injection system
Traction motorsSix GE 3-phase AC induction
Loco brakeAir & Dynamic braking
Train brakesAir & Vacuum
Safety systemsLoco-cam
CouplersAAR knuckle Type F (Orex Line)
Performance figures
Maximum speed100 km/h (62 mph)
Power output3,300 hp (2,500 kW) GHP
3,000 hp (2,200 kW) THP
Tractive effort:
​
 • Starting548 kN (123,000 lbf)
 • Continuous460 kN (100,000 lbf) @ 14.8 km/h (9.2 mph)
Dynamic brake peak effort288 kN (65,000 lbf)
Career
OperatorsTransnet Freight Rail
Kumba Iron Ore
Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique
ClassClass 43-000
Number in classTFR 203, CFM 10, Kumba 6
NumbersTFR 43-001 to 43-203
CFM D701 to D710
Kumba F123-0100 to F123-0600
Delivered2011-2013
First run2011

In January 2011, Transnet Rail Engineering at Koedoespoort in Pretoria took delivery of the first two of 203 Class 43-000 General Electric type C30ACi diesel-electric locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail. A further eight were shipped from the United States of America in April 2011. In July 2011, the first of the 209 locally built locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail and two more customers was rolled out at the Koedoespoort shops in Pretoria.[1][2]

In late 2013, the first locomotives of this Class were also delivered to Kumba Iron Ore at Sishen and Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique, the Mozambican railways.[3][4]

Manufacturers

Tendering process

A tendering process in 2006 and 2007 had selected Electro-Motive Sibanye, a joint venture between Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) and Sibanye Trade and Services, as preferred bidder to supply two hundred and twelve locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail (TFR). Sibanye was a South African Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) front company, dealing with locomotives and spare parts. However, this agreement was cancelled amid reports and then confirmation of tender irregularities.[5][6]

A new tendering process was initiated, which invited three locomotive manufacturers, EMD, General Electric (GE) and Siemens, to bid for a contract to build one hundred new diesel-electric locomotives. In 2009, GE was announced as being the successful bidder.[7]

Construction

The Class 43-000 GE type C30ACi diesel-electric locomotive was designed by GE Transportation Systems, a division of GE. The first ten locomotives were built by GE in Erie, Pennsylvania. They were delivered in January and April 2011 and were numbered in the range from 43-001 to 43-010.[8]

The remainder were built by Transnet Engineering (TE) and GE South African Technologies (GESAT) at the Koedoespoort shops of TE in Pretoria, numbered in the range from 43-011 to 43-100. The first of these, no. 43-011, was rolled out in July 2011.[9]

At the beginning of 2012, the contract was extended for the construction of a further 43 locomotives, to be numbered in the range from 43-101 to 43-143. On 27 June 2012, TE and GESAT celebrated the roll-out of no. 43-060, the fiftieth Class 43-000 locomotive produced at Koedoespoort, marking the completion of 60% of the first contract for the supply of 100 locomotives.[9]

Upon completion of the first two TFR orders, the TE production line at Koedoespoort continued to manufacture C30ACi diesel-electric locomotives for customers elsewhere on the African continent. Since the C30ACi was the latest state-of-the-art GE locomotive specifically designed and built for Cape gauge which is widely used in West and Southern Africa, potential customers may include Ghana, Nigeria, Congo-Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Botswana, Namibia, South-western Tanzania and Zimbabwe.[10] The first customers other than TFR were Kumba Iron Ore and Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique.

In 2014, TFR placed a third order for a further 60 class 43-000 locomotives from TE, to increase its fleet to 203 units.[11][12]

Features

Crew comfort
Driver's station of no. 43-171

The locomotives were constructed with both safety and crew comfort in mind. The cab is equipped with a "Loco-cam", an air conditioner, a refrigerator located adjacent to the cab front door, and a toilet in the form of a "Porta Potti" with a floor drain to wayside.[1]

Fuel-efficiency

The GE type C30ACi was the first AC diesel-electric locomotive to be introduced in Sub-Saharan Africa and also the first to meet with the emission standard of the International Union of Railways (Union Internationale des Chemins de fer, UIC). It met with the emission standards for brake-specific nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. The locomotives were expected to be more fuel-efficient and to produce lower emissions than typical diesel-electric locomotives operating in South Africa until then.[9][13]

Traction and brakes

Compared to the, on average, thirty-year-old existing TFR diesel-electric locomotive fleet at the time, the Class 43-000 also offered a greater continuous tractive effort and a higher adhesion capability, allowing the same amount of freight to be hauled with fewer locomotives by replacing four of the older locomotives with three of the new models.[14][15]

Should a locomotive lose a traction motor, the same power is redistributed to the remaining five traction motors. The Class 43-000 is the first South African diesel-electric locomotive to have dynamic braking all the way down to crawling speed at 1 kilometre per hour.[16]

Service

Transnet Freight Rail

Transnet Freight Rail's Class 43-000 was initially placed in service on the line from the Mpumalanga Lowveld via Swaziland to Richards Bay and, during 2012, also on the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore export (Orex) line.[17] In May 2013, new Class 43-000s were also observed at the Pyramid South locomotive depot north of Pretoria.

Kumba Iron Ore

In November 2013, six of these C30ACi diesel-electric locomotives, also built at Transnet Engineering's Koedoespoort shops, were delivered to Kumba Iron Ore to be used to shunt iron ore trains at its Sishen mine in the Northern Cape. The locomotives, numbered in the range from F123-0100 to F123-0600, were painted in a dark blue livery with yellow sills and handrails. They replaced ten older locomotives which were hired from Transnet and used in pairs for loading operations. A single C30ACi can be used to load trains of 114 ore wagons each, a task which earlier required two locomotives.[3]

Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique

In December 2013, the first four of ten of these C30ACi locomotives were delivered from Transnet Engineering to Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique, the Mozambican railways, for use on its southern network out of Maputo. The locomotives, numbered in the range from D701 to D710, were acquired to make the railway less dependent on hired locomotives from South Africa and India. The Mozambican locomotives are 9 tonnes lighter than those of TFR, with bogies fabricated by UGL Limited in Australia and different traction motors.[4]

Mixed power working

On the Sishen–Saldanha Orex line, GE Class 34 series and Class 43-000 diesel-electric locomotives run consisted to Class 9E and Class 15E electric locomotives to haul the 342-wagon iron ore trains. Each wagon has a 100-ton capacity and the trains are at least 3.72 kilometres (2.31 miles) in length, powered by mixed consists of Class 9E and Class 15E electric, GE type U26C Classes 34-000, 34-400, 34-500 and 34-900 and from 2012 GE type C30ACi Class 43-000 diesel-electric locomotives. In South Africa mixed electric and diesel-electric consists are unique to the Orex line, necessitated by the huge voltage drops which can occur as a result of the long distance between some of the sub-stations along the route.[18][19][20]

Ore train about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Lamberts Bay (Scroll the bar above from left to right to see the full train's length)

A Class 9E or Class 15E electric locomotive serves as the master of each mixed electric and diesel-electric consist, with a total of between eight and twelve locomotives per train, depending on the locomotive types involved and with twelve being the maximum number allowed. Motive power usually consists of three sets of locomotives and a lone electric locomotive pushing at the rear end of the train. Each locomotive set usually consists of one Class 9E or 15E electric and one or two Class 34 or 43-000 diesel-electric locomotives, with each set’s electric locomotive controlling its respective diesel-electric companions by means of a Slimkabel (smart cable). In effect, each ore train is therefore made up of three separate 114-wagon trains consisted together, with the locomotives of all three trains and the pusher locomotive at the rear end all controlled by means of a Locotrol radio distributed power control system by one crew in the leading electric locomotive. A typical train would therefore be made up of locomotive set A, 114 wagons, locomotive set B, 114 wagons, locomotive set C, 114 wagons, and the pusher locomotive.[18][19][20][21]

Works numbers

The GE-built Class 43-000 builder’s works numbers are shown in the table. While the TE-built locomotives were delivered without any builder’s works plates, their approximate years of construction are shown.[22]

Illustration

All the Class 43-000 locomotives were delivered in red TFR livery. The first picture below shows no. 43-001 on its delivery run, being hauled dead-in-tow from Durban to Koedoespoort after being brought ashore at Durban harbour. Some slight visible differences between the General Electric-built and Transnet Engineering-built locomotives are:

  • The yellow sill of the imported locomotives compared to the dark gray sill of the local-builts.
  • The absence of works plates on the local-builts.
  • The additional horizontal bar on the side railing on the local-builts.
  • No. 43-001 at Balgowan, KwaZulu-Natal, 28 January 2011
  • No. 43-116 at Pyramid South, 14 May 2013
  • No. 43-189 at Pyramid South, 27 September 2015
  • No. 43-071 at the assembly yard, Saldanha, 10 February 2013

References
  1. Railways Africa, 12 Jan 2011: New Diesels for South Africa
  2. Railways Africa, 12 Feb 2010: New GE Diesels for South Africa
  3. International Railway Journal, 28 November 2013: Kumba Iron Ore receives GE locomotives
  4. CFM adquire 10 Locomotivas para o Sistema Ferroviário Sul Archived 2 February 2014 at Archive.today
  5. Railways Africa, 2 Apr 2009: Why Transnet Discontinued That Diesel Order
  6. Railways Africa, 12 Mar 2009: Transnet Tender to High Court
  7. Engineering News, 18 Dec 2009: Transnet Signs GE Transportation Deal for 100 Locomotives
  8. Enola Yard, 28 December 2010
  9. Railways Africa, 10 Jul 2012: Class 43 Loco Celebration
  10. Railways Africa, 17 Sep 2013: Koedoespoort: Locos for Africa
  11. Railways Africa, 28 Oct 2014: Transnet builds more class 43s
  12. Railways Africa, 11 Feb 2015: New Transnet Diesel-Electric Locomotives
  13. International: UIC Locomotive Emission Standards
  14. Ecomagination – Progress for 2011: C30-ACi (South African) Locomotive
  15. Railways Africa, 10 Jul 2012: About the New Class 43
  16. A driver's comment on the Class 43-000
  17. Railways Africa, 26 Mar 2010: More Locos for TFR
  18. Information supplied by Orex train crew members
  19. Actom Divisions News, 22 July 2010 Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  20. Picture essay: Sishen-Saldanha Iron Ore Export Line (OREX)
  21. Locotrol Distributed Power
  22. Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications.
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