1994 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.

List of years in paleontology (table)
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Plants

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Diploporus[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	Fossil Yew Genus, type species D. torreyoides
Taxus masonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	Fossil Yew species
Torreya clarnensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	Fossil nutmeg yew species

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Actinidia oregonensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Kiwi species
Alangium eydei[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A dogwood species
Alangium rotundicarpum[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A dogwood species
Anamirta leiocarpa[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species
Anonaspermum bonesii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A custard apple relative
Anonaspermum rotundum[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A custard apple relative
Atriaecarpum clarnense[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species
Bursericarpum oregonense[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A torchwood family species
Calycocarpum crassicrustae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species
Castanopsis crepetii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A chinkapin species
Comicilabium[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An icacinaceous relative. type species C. atkinsii.
Cornus clarnensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A dogwood species
Coryloides[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A hazelnut relative, Type species C. hancockii
Curvitinospora[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed relative. Type species C. formanii
Davisicarpum limacioides[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species.
Deviacer[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A milkwort genus.[3] Type species D. wolfei
Diploclisia auriformis[2]	Comb nov	jr synonym	(Hollick) Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species. A new comb for Carpolithes auriformis Moved to Stephania auriformis in 2018[4]
Emmenopterys dilcheri[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A rubiaceous species.
Eohypserpa scottii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species.
Eucommia constans[5]	Sp nov	valid	Magallón-Puebl & Cevallos-Ferriz	Miocene - Pleistocene	Pié de Vaca Formation	Mexico	Youngest Eucommia sp. in North America.
Fortunearites[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A witch-hazel relative, type species F. endressii
Hydrangea knowltonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Hydrangea species.
lodes chandlerae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An icacinaceous species.
Iodicarpa[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An icacinaceous relative. type species I. parvum, includes I. lenticularis
Kardiasperma[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A hazelnut relative, type species K. parvum
Lindera clarnensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A spicebush
Laurocalyx wheelerae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A laural relative
Laurocarpum hancockii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A laural relative
Laurocarpum nutbedensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A laural relative
Laurocarpum raisinoides[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A laural relative
Magnolia muldoonae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Magnolia species
Magnolia paroblonga[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Magnolia species
Magnolia tiffneyi[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Magnolia species
Mastixicarpum occidentale[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Tupelo relative
Meliosma beusekomii[2]	sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A sabiaceous species.
Meliosma bonesii[2]	sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A sabiaceous species.
Meliosma elongicarpa[2]	sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A sabiaceous species.
Meliosma leptocarpa[2]	sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A sabiaceous species.
Nyssa scottii[2]	sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Tupelo relative
Nyssa spatulata[2]	Comb nov	valid	(Scott) Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Tupelo, new comb for Palaeonyssa spatulata Scott, 1954
Palaeoallophylus gordonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A soapberry species.
Palaeoallophylus gordonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A soapberry species.
Paleopanax[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A ginseng genus, type species P. oregonensis
Paleoplatycarya? hickeyi[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Platycarya relative species.
Pentoperculum[2]	Gen et comb nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	London Clay	UK  England	A Sumac relative. A new genus for Dracontomelon minimus (Reid & Chandler, 1933)
Platanus hirticarpa[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A platanaceous Infructescence species.
Prunus olsonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An cherry/plum species.
Prunus weinsteinii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An cherry/plum species.
Pyrenacantha occidentalis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	An icacinaceous species.
Rhus rooseae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A Sumac species
Sabia prefoetida[2]	Comb nov	valid	(Becker) Manchester	Late Eocene	Ruby flora	USA  Montana	A sabiaceous species. Moved from Symplocarpus prefoetidus Becker 1969
Bumelia? globosa[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	(Manchester) Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A lardizabalaceous species; Moved to Sargentodoxa globosa in 1999[6]
Saxifragispermum tetragonalis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A willow relative
Tanyoplatanus[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A platanaceous Infructescence genus. Type species T. cranei.
'Tinomiscoidea occidentalis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species
'Tinospora elongata[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species
Thanikaimonia[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed genus. Type species T. geniculata.
'Tinospora hardmanae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA  Oregon	A moonseed species

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthognathus poinari[7]	Sp nov	Valid	Baroni Urbani & De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	first fossil Acanthognathus species
Aeshna andancensis[8]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Brisac	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	An Aeshna dragonfly	Aeshna andancensis
Aeshna cerdanica[8]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Martínez-Delclòs	Vallesian	Bellver de Cerdanya	Spain	An Aeshna dragonfly	Aeshna cerdanica
Aeschnophlebia miocenica[8]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Escuillé	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	An Aeschnophlebia dragonfly	Aeschnophlebia miocenica
Anochetus ambiguus[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus ambiguus
Anochetus conisquamis[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus conisquamis
Anochetus dubius[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus dubius
Anochetus exstinctus[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus exstinctus
Anochetus intermedius[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus intermedius
Anochetus lucidus[9]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus lucidus
Calopteryx andancensis	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Brisac	Turolian[8]	Montagne d'Andance	France	A Calopteryx damselfly	Calopteryx andancensis
Dlusskyidris[10]	Gen et comb nov.	Valid	Bolton	Santonian	Taimyr amber	Russia	A Sphecomyrminae ant. a new genus for Palaeomyrmex zherichini Dlussky 1975.	Palaeomyrmex zherichini
Forficula paleoligura[11]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel, Albouy, Caussanel, & Jamet	Oligocene		France	An earwig	Forficula paleoligura
Odontomachus pseudobauri[9]	Sp nov.	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A myrmicin ant	Odontomachus pseudobauri
Odontomachus spinifer[9]	Sp nov.	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A myrmicin ant	Odontomachus spinifer
Protoaristenymphes[12]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Nel & Henrotay	Toarcian		Luxembourg	A Mesochrysopid lacewing, type species P. bascharagensis	Protoaristenymphes bascharagensis
Sympecma incerta[13]	Comb. nov	Valid	Piton	Piacenzian	Lake Chambon	France	A Lestid damselfly, new combination for Lestes incertus	Sympecma incerta

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Fordilla germanica[14]	sp nov	Valid	Elicki	Early Cambrian	Zwetau Formation	Germany	early Cambrian bivalve species

Fishes

Newly named bony fishes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Megalocoelacanthus[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	valid	Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams	late Santonian to mid-Campanian	Blufftown Formation Niobrara Formation	United States	A latimeriid coelacanth.[16] The type species is M. dobiei.

Archosauromorphs

• Aff. Rebbachisaurus gastroliths documented.[17]
• The "Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur" specimen was discovered in a quarry being excavated for road material.[18] The quarry is near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage.[19] That fall, excavation began, and was resumed in the summer of 1996.[18]

Newly named pseudosuchians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Galtonia[20]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Hunt & Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	New Oxford Formation	United States	A relative of Revueltosaurus.
Pekinosaurus[20]	Gen et sp nov	Junior synonym	Hunt & Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	Cumnock Formation	United States	A junior synonym of Revueltosaurus.

Newly named basal dinosauromorphs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Marasuchus[21]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Sereno & Arcucci	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Chañares Formation	Argentina	A basal dinosauriform; new genus for "Lagosuchus" liloensis Romer (1972).	Marasuchus liloenisis

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[22]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Afrovenator[23]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Sereno, Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, & Sues		Tiourarén Formation	Niger		Afrovenator abakensis
Alwalkeria[24]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Chatterjee & Creisler		Maleri Formation	India		Alwalkeria
Alxasaurus[25]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Russell & Dong			Mongolia		Alxasaurus
“Amphicoelicaudia”		nomen nudum	Cheng			China	described as Huabeisaurus allocotus in 2000	Huabeisaurus allocotus
Caenagnathasia[26]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Currie, Godfrey, & Nesov	Turonian - Coniacian	Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan		Caenagnathasia martinsoni
Cryolophosaurus[27]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Hammer & Hickerson	Pliensbachian	Hanson Formation	Antarctica		Cryolophosaurus
Koparion[28]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Chure	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	USA ( Utah)
Monolophosaurus[29]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhao & Currie	Bathonian - Callovian	Shishugou Formation	China		Monolophosaurus jiangi
Mymoorapelta[30]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Kirkland & Carpenter	Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	Morrison Formation	USA ( Colorado)		Mymoorapelta maysi
Pelecanimimus[31]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega, & Rasskin-Gutman	Barremian	Calizas de La Huérguina Formation	Spain		Pelecanimimus
Phuwiangosaurus[32]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Martin, Buffetaut, & Suteethorn	Valanginian - Hauterivian	Sao Khua Formation	Thailand		Phuwiangosaurus
Sinornithoides[33]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Russell & Dong	Aptian - Albian	Ejinhoro Formation	China		Sinornithoides youngi
Sinraptor[34]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Currie & Zhao	Late Jurassic	Shishugou Formation	China		Sinraptor dongi
Timimus[35]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Rich & Vickers-Rich	Albian	Eumeralla Formation	Australia		Timimus hermani
“Tonouchisaurus”		nomen nudum	Barsbold		early Cretaceous	Mongolia
Yingshanosaurus[36]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhou	Kimmeridgian	Shaximiao Formation	China

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Berruornis [37]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Mourer-Chauviré	Late Paleocene		France	Type species B. orbisantiqui
Bubo osvaldoi [38]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Oscar Arredondo Storrs L. Olson	Quaternary, probably Pleistocene	Cave deposits	Cuba	A Strigidae.
Falco duboisi [39]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Cave deposits	Réunion	A Falconidae.
Mascarenachen kervazoi [39]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	An Anatidae, type species M. kervazoi; The species was transferred Alopochen in 1999.
Mascarenotus grucheti [40]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Roger Bour François Moutou Sonia Ribes	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	A Strigidae.
Messelastur gratulator [41]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Dieter S. Peters	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MN 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Psittaciformes, Messelasturidae G. Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus.
Microcarbo serventyorum [42]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerard F. van Tets	Holocene	Peat Swamp near Mining Lease	Australia:  Western Australia	A Phalacrocoracidae.
Neuquenornis volans [43]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Luis M. Chiappe Jorge O. Calvo	Late Cretaceous	Santonian-Coniacian, Rio Colorado Formation	Argentina	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus.
Nycticorax borbonensis [39]	Not valid	Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	An Ardeidae, this is a junior synonym of Nycticorax duboisi (Rothschild, 1907).
Otogornis genghisi [44]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Early Cretaceous	Inner Mongolia	China	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longirostravidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus.
Presbyornis isoni [45]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Late Paleocene	Aquia Formation	USA( Maryland)	An Anseriformes, Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926.
Puffinus spelaeus [46]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Richard N. Holdaway Trevor H. Worthy	Late Quaternary	Cave Deposits, South Island	New Zealand	A Procellariidae.
Stephanoaetus mahery [47]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steven M. Goodman	Holocene. (Subrecent)	Madagascar	Madagascar	An Accipitridae.
Wanshuina lii [48]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Paleocene	Doumu Formation	China	A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Plesiosaurs

• Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.[49]

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Morturneria	Valid	Chatterjee Creisler

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Arthurdactylus	Valid	Frey Martill		Early Cretaceous (late Aptian/early Albian)	Crato Formation	Brazil	A pteranodontoid pterosaur.
Montanazhdarcho[50]	Valid	Padian, K., Horner de Ricqlès, A.J.		Late Cretaceous (Judithian)	Two Medicine Formation	United States	An azhdarchid from Montana.
"Wyomingopteryx"	nomen nudum	Bakker		Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)	Morrison Formation	United States
Zhejiangopterus	Valid	Cai, Z. Wei, F.		Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)	Tangshang Formation	China	A Chinese azhdarchid.	Zhejiangopterus

Other diapsids

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Lucianosaurus[20]	Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon	Hunt	S. G. Lucas	Late Triassic (Norian)	Bull Canyon Formation	United States
Tecovasaurus[20]	Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon	Hunt	S. G. Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	Tecovas Formation	United States

Footnotes

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
3. Myers, J.; Erwin, D. (2015). "Deviacer pidemarmanii sp. nov. (Polygalaceae) from the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene Badger's Nose Paleoflora, Modoc County, California". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 176 (3): 259–268. doi:10.1086/679759.
4. Han, M.; Manchester, S. R.; Fu, Q.-Y.; Jin, J.-H.; Quan (2018). "Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (2): 81–91. doi:10.1111/jse.12288. Unknown parameter |First5= ignored (|first5= suggested) (help)
5. Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632.
6. Manchester, S. R. (1999). "Biogeographical relationships of North American tertiary floras". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 86: 472–522.
7. Baroni Urbani, C.; De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 198: 1–65.
8. Nel, A.; Martinez-Delclòs, X.; Escuillé, F; Brisac, P. (1994). "Names; Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2/3): 143–186.
9. De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 199: 1–28.
10. Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships". American Museum Novitates. 3208: 1–43.
11. Nel, A.; Albouy, V.; Caussanel, C; Jamet, C. (1994). "Réflexion paléo-entomologique sur la systématique des Dermaptères. Quatre nouveaux forficules fossiles de l'Oligocène de Provence (France)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 99: 253–266.
12. Nel, A; Henrotay, M. (1994). "Les Chrysopidae Mésozoïques. État actuel des connaissances. Description d'un nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce dans le Jurassique inférieur (Lias) (Insecta: Neuroptera)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 30: 295–318.
13. Nel, A.; Paicheler, J.-C. (1994). "Les Lestoidea (Odonata, Zygoptera) fossiles : un inventaire critique". Annales de Paléontologie. 80 (1): 1–59.
14. Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
15. David R. Schwimmer; J. D. Stewart; G. Dent Williams (1994). "Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States". Geology. 22 (6): 503–506. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0503:gfcotl>2.3.co;2.
16. Hugo Dutel; John G. Maisey; David R. Schwimmer; Philippe Janvier; Marc Herbin; Gaël Clément (2012). "The Giant Cretaceous Coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) Megalocoelacanthus dobiei Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams, 1994, and Its Bearing on Latimerioidei Interrelationships". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e49911. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049911. PMC 3507921. PMID 23209614.
17. Calvo (1994). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
18. "Introduction," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
19. "Location and Geologic Setting," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
20. Hunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1994. Ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of the United States. In: the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (N.C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues, Eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK: pp. 227-241.
21. Sereno, P.C.; Arcucci, A.B. (1994). "Dinosaur precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis gen. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14: 53–73. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011538.
22. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
23. Sereno, P.C., J.A. Wilson, H.C.E. Larsson, D.B. Dutheil, H.-D. Sues. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara. Science 266 (14 October [5183]): pp. 267-271.
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References

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