Demographics of Luxembourg

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Luxembourg, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Luxembourg population pyramid in 2020

Population density in Luxembourg by commune

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1821	134,082	—
1839	175,223	+30.7%
1851	194,719	+11.1%
1861	197,731	+1.5%
1871	204,028	+3.2%
1880	210,507	+3.2%
1890	211,481	+0.5%
1900	234,674	+11.0%
1910	259,027	+10.4%
1922	261,643	+1.0%
1930	299,782	+14.6%
1947	290,992	−2.9%
1960	314,889	+8.2%
1970	339,841	+7.9%
1981	364,302	+7.2%
1991	384,634	+5.6%
2001	439,539	+14.3%
2011	512,353	+16.6%
2020	626,108	+22.2%
Source:[1] 2020 data[2]

The following is an overview of the demographics of Luxembourg. Demographic topics include basic statistics, most populous cities, and religious affiliation.

The population of Luxembourg as of 1 January 2020 was 626,108 (52.5% Luxembourgers and 47.4% of foreign nationality).[3]

The people of Luxembourg are called Luxembourgers.[4]

Vital statistics since 1900

Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present.

The following table chronicles factors such as population, birth rates, and death rates in Luxembourg since 1900.[5]

	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates
1900	234,000	7,037	5,109	1,928	30.1	21.9	8.2
1901	236,000	7,444	4,300	3,144	31.5	18.2	13.3
1902	238,000	7,416	4,460	2,956	31.1	18.7	12.4
1903	241,000	7,279	4,686	2,593	30.3	19.5	10.8
1904	243,000	7,535	4,952	2,583	31.0	20.4	10.6
1905	245,000	7,431	4,851	2,580	30.3	19.8	10.5
1906	248,000	7,516	4,844	2,672	30.3	19.6	10.8
1907	250,000	7,738	4,482	3,256	30.9	17.9	13.0
1908	253,000	7,639	4,933	2,706	30.2	19.5	10.7
1909	256,000	7,264	4,752	2,512	28.4	18.6	9.8
1910	258,000	7,065	4,321	2,744	27.4	16.7	10.6
1911	260,000	7,126	4,892	2,234	27.4	18.8	8.6
1912	262,000	7,051	4,556	2,495	26.9	17.4	9.5
1913	264,000	7,009	4,383	2,626	26.5	16.6	9.9
1914	266,000	6,781	4,446	2,335	25.5	16.7	8.8
1915	265,000	5,701	4,126	1,575	21.5	15.6	5.9
1916	264,000	4,958	4,246	712	18.8	16.1	2.7
1917	263,000	4,516	4,730	-214	17.1	18.0	-0.8
1918	263,000	4,413	5,611	-1,198	16.8	21.4	-4.6
1919	262,000	4,638	4,627	11	17.7	17.7	0.0
1920	261,000	5,621	3,404	2,217	21.6	13.1	8.5
1921	261,000	5,494	3,444	2,050	21.1	13.2	7.9
1922	262,000	5,094	3,538	1,556	19.5	13.5	5.9
1923	263,000	5,468	3,581	1,887	20.8	13.6	7.2
1924	266,000	5,369	3,421	1,948	20.2	12.9	7.3
1925	268,000	5,619	3,791	1,828	21.0	14.1	6.8
1926	270,000	5,639	4,100	1,539	20.9	15.2	5.7
1927	278,000	5,864	3,909	1,955	21.1	14.1	7.0
1928	287,000	6,114	4,017	2,097	21.3	14.0	7.3
1929	292,000	6,210	4,553	1,657	21.3	15.6	5.7
1930	297,000	6,377	3,876	2,501	21.4	13.0	8.4
1931	300,000	5,988	3,971	2,017	20.0	13.3	6.7
1932	299,000	5,295	3,949	1,346	17.7	13.2	4.5
1933	298,000	4,895	3,725	1,170	16.4	12.5	3.9
1934	298,000	4,665	3,535	1,130	15.7	11.9	3.8
1935	297,000	4,523	3,740	783	15.2	12.6	2.6
1936	298,000	4,514	3,433	1,081	15.2	11.5	3.6
1937	299,000	4,514	3,555	959	15.1	11.9	3.2
1938	301,000	4,486	3,811	675	14.9	12.7	2.2
1939	300,000	4,511	3,804	707	15.0	12.7	2.4
1940	296,000	3,959	3,580	379	13.4	12.1	1.3
1941	292,000	4,029	4,065	-36	13.8	13.9	-0.1
1942	290,000	4,506	4,220	286	15.6	14.6	1.0
1943	289,000	4,277	4,437	-160	14.8	15.4	-0.6
1944	285,000	4,128	5,406	-1,278	14.5	18.9	-4.5
1945	284,000	3,775	4,585	-810	13.3	16.2	-2.9
1946	286,000	4,263	3,525	738	14.9	12.3	2.6
1947	289,000	4,178	3,548	630	14.5	12.3	2.2
1948	292,000	4,162	3,400	762	14.3	11.6	2.6
1949	294,000	4,026	3,676	350	13.7	12.5	1.2
1950	296,000	4,116	3,401	715	13.9	11.5	2.4
1951	297,000	4,176	3,456	720	14.0	11.6	2.4
1952	299,000	4,535	3,557	978	15.2	11.9	3.3
1953	301,000	4,565	3,737	828	15.2	12.4	2.7
1954	303,000	4,713	3,421	1,292	15.6	11.3	4.3
1955	305,000	4,962	3,453	1,509	16.3	11.3	5.0
1956	307,000	4,833	3,878	955	15.8	12.6	3.1	2.08
1957	309,000	4,954	3,811	1,143	16.1	12.4	3.7	2.13
1958	310,000	4,959	3,512	1,447	16.0	11.3	4.7	2.13
1959	312,000	5,037	3,607	1,430	16.1	11.6	4.6	2.16
1960	314,000	5,019	3,716	1,303	16.0	11.8	4.1	2.37
1961	317,000	5,112	3,616	1,496	16.1	11.4	4.7	2.42
1962	321,000	5,137	4,037	1,100	16.0	12.6	3.4	2.41
1963	324,000	5,112	3,929	1,183	15.8	12.1	3.7	2.37
1964	328,000	5,229	3,857	1,372	16.0	11.8	4.2	2.40
1965	332,000	5,297	4,057	1,240	16.0	12.2	3.7	2.39
1966	334,000	5,194	4,133	1,061	15.6	12.4	3.2	2.36
1967	335,000	4,957	4,166	791	14.8	12.4	2.4	2.25
1968	336,000	4,780	4,138	642	14.2	12.3	1.9	2.14
1969	338,000	4,503	4,202	301	13.3	12.5	0.9	2.03
1970	339,000	4,476	4,168	308	13.2	12.3	0.9	1.97
1971	342,000	4,512	4,416	96	13.2	12.9	0.3	1.96
1972	347,000	4,138	4,120	18	11.9	11.9	0.1	1.75
1973	351,000	3,847	4,184	-337	11.0	11.9	-1.0	1.58
1974	355,000	3,925	4,291	-366	11.1	12.1	-1.0	1.57
1975	359,000	3,997	4,376	-379	11.1	12.2	-1.1	1.55
1976	361,000	3,915	4,507	-592	10.8	12.5	-1.6	1.48
1977	362,000	4,053	4,083	-30	11.2	11.3	-0.1	1.49
1978	362,000	4,072	4,187	-115	11.2	11.6	-0.3	1.47
1979	363,000	4,078	3,985	93	11.2	11.0	0.3	1.47
1980	364,000	4,169	4,113	56	11.4	11.3	0.2	1.50
1981	365,000	4,414	4,105	309	12.1	11.2	0.8	1.55
1982	366,000	4,300	4,133	167	11.8	11.3	0.5	1.49
1983	366,000	4,185	4,129	56	11.4	11.3	0.2	1.44
1984	366,000	4,192	4,072	120	11.5	11.1	0.3	1.42
1985	367,000	4,104	4,027	77	11.2	11.0	0.2	1.38
1986	368,000	4,309	3,970	339	11.7	10.8	0.9	1.44
1987	371,000	4,238	4,012	226	11.4	10.8	0.6	1.39
1988	374,000	4,603	3,840	763	12.3	10.3	2.0	1.51
1989	378,000	4,665	3,984	681	12.4	10.6	1.8	1.52
1990	382,000	4,936	3,773	1,163	12.9	9.9	3.0	1.62
1991	387,000	4,986	3,744	1,242	12.9	9.7	3.2	1.60
1992	392,000	5,149	4,022	1,127	13.1	10.3	2.9	1.67
1993	397,000	5,353	3,915	1,438	13.5	9.8	3.6	1.69
1994	403,000	5,451	3,800	1,651	13.5	9.4	4.1	1.72
1995	409,000	5,421	3,797	1,624	13.3	9.3	4.0	1.67
1996	414,000	5,689	3,895	1,794	13.7	9.4	4.3	1.76
1997	419,000	5,503	3,937	1,566	13.1	9.4	3.7	1.71
1998	425,000	5,386	3,901	1,485	12.7	9.2	3.5	1.67
1999	430,000	5,582	3,793	1,789	13.0	8.8	4.2	1.71
2000	436,000	5,723	3,754	1,969	13.1	8.6	4.5	1.78
2001	442,000	5,459	3,719	1,740	12.4	8.4	3.9	1.66
2002	446,000	5,345	3,744	1,601	12.0	8.4	3.6	1.63
2003	452,000	5,303	4,053	1,250	11.7	9.0	2.8	1.62
2004	458,000	5,452	3,578	1,874	11.9	7.8	4.1	1.66
2005	465,000	5,371	3,621	1,750	11.5	7.8	3.8	1.62
2006	473,000	5,514	3,766	1,748	11.7	8.0	3.7	1.64
2007	480,000	5,477	3,866	1,611	11.4	8.1	3.4	1.61
2008	489,000	5,596	3,595	2,001	11.5	7.4	4.1	1.60
2009	498,000	5,638	3,657	1,982	11.3	7.3	4.0	1.59
2010	507,000	5,874	3,760	2,114	11.6	7.4	4.2	1.63
2011	518,000	5,639	3,819	1,820	10.9	7.4	3.5	1.51
2012	531,000	6,026	3,876	2,150	11.4	7.3	4.1	1.57
2013	543,000	6,115	3,822	2,293	11.2	7.0	4.2	1.55
2014	556,000	6,070	3,841	2,229	10.9	6.9	4.0	1.50
2015	576,000	6,115	3,983	2,132	10.9	7.0	3.9	1.47
2016	590,000	6,050	3,967	2,083	10.4	6.8	3.6	1.40
2017	602,000	6,174	4,263	1,911	10.4	7.1	3.3	1.39
2018	608,000	6,274	4,318	1,956	10.3	7.1	3.2	1.38
2019	620,000	6,230	4,283	1,947	10.0	6.9	3.1	1.34

Life expectancy

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	66.0	1990–1995	75.8
1955–1960	67.6	1995–2000	77.0
1960–1965	69.1	2000–2005	78.3
1965–1970	69.8	2005–2010	79.5
1970–1975	70.2	2010–2015	81.2
1975–1980	71.5	2015–2020	82.0
1980–1985	72.9	2020–2025	82.8
1985–1990	74.5	2025–2030	83.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects[6]

Population in Luxembourg

The foreign population resident in Luxembourg currently numbers over 296,465, corresponding to 47.4% of the total population (compared to 13.2% in 1961).[3] That means there are currently almost as many immigrants as there are native citizens. These immigrants are overwhelmingly[7] nationals of EU countries (accounting for over 80%), by far the greater part of whom originally come from Portugal, Italy and the two neighbouring countries, France and Belgium. For some years, there has also been a large increase in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers from the countries of Eastern Europe, and especially the new republics to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro). These immigrants include a considerable proportion of young people. Immigrants (especially asylum seekers) have a strong impact on the birth rate, accounting for nearly 50% of births in Luxembourg.

A more detailed breakdown by nationality[7] shows that the Portuguese community is still the largest group, accounting for almost a third of the foreign population. The Italian population has been stable for the past ten years at approximately 20,000. Some 80,000 foreigners come from bordering countries (France, Belgium and Germany).

As of 2020 the population of Russian nationals in Luxembourg is 1,857.[7] Luxembourg Russian Saturday school, Kalinka, serves students ages 3–12 and includes Russian language and cultural classes. In 2014, there were 160 students and 22 teachers in the school.[8]

The Japanese Supplementary School in Luxembourg (ルクセンブルグ補習授業校 Rukusenburugu Hoshū Jugyō Kō) is a Japanese supplementary school operated in the country,[9] serving students ages 6–15. It is held at the International School Luxembourg and as of 2014 has about 60 students. Its operations at the ISL began in 1991.[8]

Nationality [7]
1 January 2020
1	Luxembourg	329,643
2	Portugal	95,057
3	France	47,805
4	Italy	22,996
5	Belgium	19,823
6	Germany	12,849
7	Spain	7,202
8	Romania	5,724
9	United Kingdom	5,317
10	Poland	4,844
11	Netherlands	4,168
12	China	3,925
13	Greece	3,673
14	Montenegro	3,163
15	India	2,804
16	Cape Verde	2,572
17	Brazil	2,449
18	United States	2,334
19	Syria	2,266
20	Ireland	2,027
-	Other	42,840

Religious affiliation

The predominant religion of the Luxembourg population is Roman Catholic, with Protestant, Anglican, Jewish, Muslim and Hindu minorities. According to a 1979 law, the government forbids collection of data on religious practices, but over 90% is estimated to be baptized Catholic (the Virgin Mary is the Patroness of the city of Luxembourg).

The Lutherans are the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Muslims are estimated to number approximately 6000 persons, notably including 1,500 refugees from Montenegro; Orthodox (Albanian, Greek, Serbian, Russian, and Romanian) adherents are estimated to number approximately 5,000 persons, along with approximately 1,000 Jews. Freedom of religion is provided by the Luxembourg Constitution.[10]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Demographics of Luxembourg, Data of FAO, year 2020

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[11]

Age structure

(2020 est.)

• 0–14 years: 16.73% (male 54 099; female 51 004)
• 15–64 years: 11.78% (male 37,946; female 36 061)
• 65 years and over: 14.1% (male 25 486; female 37 765)

Dependency ratios

• total dependency ratio: 42.8
• youth dependency ratio: 22.2
• elderly dependency ratio: 20.5
• potential support ratio: 4.9 (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

1.8% (2020 est.)

Immigration|Net migration rate

13.3 migrant(s)/1 000 population (2020 est.)

Sex ratio

(2020 est.)

• at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
• 25–54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 55–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
• total population: 1.02 male(s)/female

Infant mortality rate

3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

(2020 est.)

• total population: 82.6 years
• male: 80.1 years
• female: 82.2 years

Total fertility rate

1.62 children born/woman (2020 est.)

HIV/AIDS

• HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 0.3% (2018 est.)
• HIV/AIDS deaths: fewer than 100 (2018 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.6% (2016)

Ethnicity

Luxembourger 51.1%, Portuguese 15.7%, French 7.5%, Italian 3.6%, Belgian 3.3%, German 2.1%, Spanish 1.1%, British 1%, other 14.6% (2019 est.)

Languages

Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language) 55.8%, Portuguese 15.7%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 12.1%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 3.1%, Italian 2.9%, English 2.1%, other 8.4% (2011 est.)

References

1. "Population totale 1821 - 2016". Le portail des statistiques. Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
2. "Population" (PDF). Updated 19-04-2018
3. "Evolution of total, luxembourgish and foreign population 1961 - 2020". Le portail des statistiques. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
4. "Luxembourg Presidency - Being a Luxembourger". www.eu2005.lu.
5. "Statistiques // Luxembourg".
6. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
7. "Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2020". statistiques.public.lu. Statistics portal of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. April 1, 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
8. "How expatriate children stay in touch with their cultural roots - supplementary schools in Luxembourg" (Archive). Luxemburger Wort. Monday 10 March 2014. Retrieved on 14 February 2015.
9. "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
10. "WIPOLex". wipolex.wipo.int. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
11. "The World Factbook - Luxembourg". CIA.gov. Retrieved 17 January 2021.