Hakea pulvinifera

Hakea pulvinifera is a small, prickly shrub in the family Proteaceae, found only on one rocky hillside near Gunnedah in New South Wales, Australia. The species was first described in 1962, believed extinct in 1971 and rediscovered in 1988. The entire species may be of only one genetically unique individual.

Hakea pulvinifera
Specimen in the ANBG
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hakea
Species:
H. pulvinifera
Binomial name
Hakea pulvinifera

Description

Hakea pulvinifera is a shrub which grows to about 4 m (10 ft) high and has thick, tessellated bark. The leaves are 10 cm (4 in) long, divided into two to nine segments each 2–4 cm (0.8–2 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, each ending in a sharp point. The flowers are arranged in groups of forty to fifty creamy-white and green flowers in leaf axils. Flowering occurs from September to November but the pollen grains are shrivelled and empty. Fruit have never been seen on plants of this species.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described by Australian taxonomic botanist Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson in 1962 and the description was published in Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium.[4] The specific epithet is from the Latin pulvinus meaning "cushion", "pad" or "pillow"[5]:608 and fero meaning "to bear" or "to carry"[5]:187 referring to the swelling at the base of the leaf.[2]

Hakea pulvinifera was only discovered in 1949 from a single population but the species was not named until 1962. The population was visited again in 1966 and detailed information recorded; however, in 1971 a search based on the 1966 data failed to locate the species. It was proposed the species was extinct, the type population having been lost in the construction of a car park.[2][6] In 1988 a National Parks and Wildlife Service ranger, S.P. Morrison, "discovered" the species in a localised population on a steep hillside similar in features and aspect to the type locality, using information from Lawrence Johnson's original 1962 notes.[2] The "newly found" population is almost certainly the same one first recorded, despite certain differences in landmarks between this locality and that previously described. The identity of the population was confirmed by William Robert Barker. Fresh, fixed and dried flowers tested have been found to be sterile, with no evidence of viable pollen, suggesting that the species cannot reproduce from seed. Instead, they are likely to regenerate by suckering from roots running below the soil surface.[7]

Distribution and habitat

A restricted species found only in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales where it grows on a steep, barren slope.[2][6]

Conservation status

Hakea pulvinifera is classified as "endangered" by the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Threatened Species Conservation Act and a recovery plan has been prepared.[8]

  • Leaf detail

References
  1. "Hakea pulvinifera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  2. "Fact sheet Hakea pulvinifera". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  3. "Hakea pulvinifera". NSW Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  4. "Hakea pulvinifera". APNI. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  6. McGillivray, Donald John (17 July 1975). "Australian Proteaceae: new taxa and notes". Telopea. 1 (1): 31. doi:10.7751/telopea19753102.
  7. Barker, William R. (1989). "Hakea pulvinifera L. Johnson (Proteaceae): A rediscovered species under threat" (PDF). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. 11 (2): 175–177. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  8. "Hakea pulvinifera recovery plan" (PDF). New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
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