List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI

This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2019 Human Development Report. According to the 2016 Report, "The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for," whereas the Human Development Index itself, from which the IHDI is derived, is "an index of potential human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."[1][2]

World map representing the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index categories (based on 2019 data, published in 2020).

0.800–1.000 (very high)   0.700–0.799 (high)   0.550–0.699 (medium)

0.350–0.549 (low)   Data unavailable

World map showing more detailed breakdown of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (based on 2019 data, published in 2020).

0.850–0.899   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749   0.650–0.699

0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549   0.450–0.499   0.400–0.449

0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   0.250–0.299   0.200–0.249   Data unavailable

Methodology

The index captures the HDI of the average person in society, which is less than the aggregate HDI when there is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income. Under perfect equality, the HDI and IHDI are equal; the greater the difference between the two, the greater the inequality.

The IHDI, estimated for 151 countries (includes the world and other 150 specific countries), captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (Czech Republic, Slovenia) up to over 40% (Comoros, Central African Republic). Overall loss takes into account all three dimensions.[3]

List

The table below ranks countries according to their inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI). Data is based on 2019 estimates.

2019 inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2020 report)

Rank	Country	2019 estimates (2020 report)[4][5][6]
		IHDI	HDI	Overall loss (%)	Growth since 2010
Very high human development
1	Norway	0.899	0.957	6.1	0.021
2	Iceland	0.894	0.949	5.8	0.055
3	Switzerland	0.889	0.955	6.9	0.015
4	Finland	0.888	0.938	5.3	0.040
5	Ireland	0.885	0.955	7.3	0.066
6	Denmark	0.883	0.940	6.1	0.025
7	Sweden	0.882	0.945	6.7	0.033
8	Netherlands	0.878	0.944	7.0	0.036
9	Slovenia	0.875	0.917	4.6	0.047
10	Germany	0.869	0.947	8.2	0.016
11	Australia	0.867	0.944	8.2	0.011
12	Czech Republic	0.860	0.900	4.4	0.042
13	Belgium	0.859	0.931	7.7	0.026
14	New Zealand	0.859	0.931	7.7	NA
15	Austria	0.857	0.922	7.0	0.021
16	United Kingdom	0.856	0.932	8.2	0.032
17	Canada	0.848	0.929	8.7	0.025
18	Japan	0.843	0.919	8.3	0.053[lower-alpha 1]
19	Estonia	0.829	0.882	7.1	0.051
20	Luxembourg	0.826	0.916	9.8	0.009
21	Hong Kong	0.824	0.949	13.2	NA
22	Malta	0.823	0.895	8.0	0.033[lower-alpha 2]
23	France	0.820	0.901	9.0	0.022
24	South Korea	0.815	0.916	11.0	0.074
25	Israel	0.814	0.919	11.4	0.031
26	Singapore	0.813	0.938	13.3	NA
26	Poland	0.813	0.880	7.6	0.063
28	United States	0.808	0.926	12.7	0.004
29	Slovakia	0.807	0.860	6.2	0.032
30	Cyprus	0.805	0.887	9.2	0.048
High human development
31	Hungary	0.791	0.854	7.4	0.032
31	Lithuania	0.791	0.882	10.3	0.055
31	Greece	0.791	0.888	10.9	0.014
34	Italy	0.783	0.892	12.2	0.010
34	Latvia	0.783	0.866	9.6	0.050
34	Croatia	0.783	0.851	8.0	0.092
34	Spain	0.783	0.904	13.4	0.004
38	Belarus	0.771	0.823	6.3	0.050
39	Kazakhstan	0.766	0.825	7.2	0.105
40	Portugal	0.761	0.850	12.7	0.031
41	Montenegro	0.749	0.829	9.7	0.026
42	Russia	0.740	0.824	10.2	0.049
43	Romania	0.730	0.828	11.8	0.022
44	Argentina	0.729	0.845	13.7	0.063
45	Ukraine	0.728	0.779	6.4	0.035
46	Bulgaria	0.721	0.816	11.6	0.022
47	Georgia	0.716	0.812	11.8	0.093
48	Uruguay	0.712	0.817	12.7	0.055
49	Chile	0.709	0.851	16.7	0.058
50	Albania	0.708	0.795	10.9	0.058
51	Oman	0.706	0.813	13.2	NA
52	Serbia	0.705	0.806	12.5	0.021
Medium human development
53	Armenia	0.699	0.776	9.9	0.034
54	Mauritius	0.694	0.804	13.7	0.035[lower-alpha 3]
55	Iran	0.693	0.783	11.5	0.181[lower-alpha 4]
56	Azerbaijan	0.684	0.756	9.5	0.058
57	Turkey	0.683	0.820	16.7	0.119
58	North Macedonia	0.681	0.774	12.0	0.062
59	Barbados	0.676	0.814	17.0	NA
60	Sri Lanka	0.673	0.782	13.9	0.048
61	Moldova	0.672	0.750	10.4	0.055
62	Seychelles	0.670	0.796	15.8	NA
63	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.667	0.780	14.5	0.093
64	Costa Rica	0.661	0.810	18.4	0.054
65	Thailand	0.646	0.777	16.9	0.075
66	Panama	0.643	0.815	21.1	0.083
67	China	0.639	0.761	16.0	0.101
68	Mongolia	0.634	0.737	14.0	0.044
69	Kyrgyzstan	0.630	0.697	9.6	0.068
70	Saint Lucia	0.629	0.759	17.1	0.011[lower-alpha 5]
71	Peru	0.628	0.777	19.2	0.128
72	Jordan	0.622	0.729	14.7	0.027
73	Ecuador	0.616	0.759	18.8	0.037
74	Palestine	0.613	0.708	13.4	0.001[lower-alpha 6]
74	Mexico	0.613	0.779	21.3	0.022
76	Jamaica	0.612	0.734	16.6	0.002
77	Algeria	0.596	0.748	20.3	NA
78	Tunisia	0.596	0.740	19.5	0.061
79	Colombia	0.595	0.767	23.1	0.074
79	Dominican Republic	0.595	0.756	21.3	0.063
81	Indonesia	0.590	0.718	17.8	0.043
82	Venezuela	0.588	0.711	17.3	0.009
83	Vietnam	0.588	0.704	16.5	0.035
—	World	0.587	0.731	18.6	0.054
84	Philippines	0.587	0.718	18.2	0.043
85	Turkmenistan	0.586	0.715	18.0	0.095
86	Tajikistan	0.584	0.668	12.6	0.068
86	Maldives	0.584	0.740	21.1	0.005
88	Brazil	0.570	0.765	25.5	0.041
89	Paraguay	0.557	0.728	23.5	0.033
90	Guyana	0.556	0.682	18.5	0.028
91	Belize	0.554	0.716	22.6	0.059
Low human development
92	Bolivia	0.546	0.718	24.0	0.133
93	Gabon	0.544	0.703	22.6	0.030
94	Iraq	0.541	0.674	19.7	0.034[lower-alpha 7]
95	Suriname	0.535	0.738	27.5	0.002
96	El Salvador	0.529	0.673	21.4	0.046
97	São Tomé and Príncipe	0.520	0.625	16.8	0.131[lower-alpha 8]
98	Kiribati	0.516	0.630	18.1	0.099[lower-alpha 9]
99	Nicaragua	0.505	0.660	23.5	0.036
100	Egypt	0.497	0.707	29.7	0.013
101	Guatemala	0.481	0.663	27.5	0.079
102	Bangladesh	0.478	0.632	24.4	0.085
103	Bhutan	0.476	0.654	27.2	0.002[lower-alpha 10]
104	India	0.475	0.645	26.4	0.068
104	Cambodia	0.475	0.594	20.0	0.091
106	Honduras	0.472	0.634	25.6	0.049
107	South Africa	0.468	0.709	34.0	0.011
108	Laos	0.461	0.613	24.8	0.046
109	Nepal	0.446	0.602	25.9	0.080
110	Kenya	0.443	0.601	26.3	0.068
111	Zimbabwe	0.441	0.571	22.8	0.103
112	Ghana	0.440	0.611	28.0	0.018
113	Timor-Leste	0.436	0.606	28.1	0.018
114	Eswatini	0.432	0.611	29.3	0.104
115	Rep. of the Congo	0.430	0.574	25.1	0.085
116	Namibia	0.418	0.646	35.3	0.090
117	Zambia	0.401	0.584	31.3	0.040
118	Uganda	0.399	0.544	26.7	0.061
119	Tanzania	0.397	0.528	25.0	0.053
119	Angola	0.397	0.581	31.7	0.086
121	Madagascar	0.390	0.528	26.1	0.028
121	Papua New Guinea	0.390	0.555	29.7	NA
123	Rwanda	0.387	0.543	28.7	0.077
124	Pakistan	0.384	0.550	31.1	0.033
125	Lesotho	0.382	0.527	27.5	0.078
126	Cameroon	0.375	0.563	34.1	0.042
127	Mauritania	0.371	0.546	32.1	0.044
128	Togo	0.351	0.515	31.8	0.039
129	Nigeria	0.348	0.539	35.4	0.067
129	Senegal	0.348	0.512	32.0	0.049
129	Ethiopia	0.348	0.485	28.2	0.071
132	Côte d'Ivoire	0.346	0.538	35.7	0.047
133	Malawi	0.345	0.483	28.6	0.053
134	Benin	0.343	0.520	37.1	0.023
135	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	0.335	0.480	31	0.057
135	Gambia	0.335	0.496	33.5	0.055
137	Sudan	0.333	0.510	34.7	NA
138	Liberia	0.325	0.480	32.3	0.040
139	Yemen	0.321	0.470	31.7	0.012
140	Mozambique	0.316	0.456	30.7	0.097
140	Burkina Faso	0.316	0.452	30.1	0.071
142	Guinea	0.313	0.477	34.4	0.057
143	Haiti	0.303	0.510	40.6	0.024
143	Burundi	0.303	0.433	30.0	0.044
143	Comoros	0.303	0.554	45.3	0.010
146	Guinea-Bissau	0.300	0.480	37.5	0.049
147	Sierra Leone	0.291	0.452	35.6	0.049
148	Mali	0.289	0.434	33.4	0.037
149	Niger	0.284	0.394	27.9	0.065
150	South Sudan	0.276	0.433	36.3	NA
151	Chad	0.248	0.398	37.7	0.024
152	Central African Republic	0.232	0.397	41.6	0.020

See also

• List of countries by Human Development Index
• List of countries by income equality
• List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent
• List of countries by Social Progress Index
• Economic inequality
• Median income
• Per capita income
• Poverty
• Social inequality
• Welfare's effect on poverty
• Human Development Report

Notes

1. Since 2013
2. Since 2012
3. Since 2011
4. Since 2013
5. Since 2014
6. Since 2013
7. Since 2013
8. Since 2011
9. Since 2013
10. Since 2012

References

1. Human Development Reports, Composite indices — HDI and beyond (2015) 87
2. "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". Hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
3. "Frequently Asked Questions - Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". United Nations.
4. Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 351–355. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
5. "Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)". hdr.undp.org. UNDP. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
6. {{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/138806f |title= Human Development Report 2020 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"|publisher=HDRO (Human Development Report Office)

External links

• Human Development Reports