Sangtam language

Sangtam, also called Thukumi, Isachanure, or Lophomi, is a Naga language spoken in northeast India. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India.

Sangtam
Thukumi
Lophomi
Native toNagaland, India
RegionEast-central Nagaland, Tuensang and Khiphire districts
EthnicitySangtam
Native speakers
76,000 (2011 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nsa
Glottologsang1321

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Sangtam.

  • Kizare
  • Pirr (Northern Sangtam)
  • Phelongre
  • Thukumi (Central Sangtam)
  • Photsimi
  • Purr (Southern Sangtam)

The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety.

Phonology

Sangtam is unusual in having two stops with bilabial trilled release, /t̪͡ʙ, t̪͡ʙ̥ʰ/.[2]

Consonant phonemes of Sangtam
Labial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive plain p t̪ ʈ c k ʔ
aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ
Affricate plain t͡ʙ̥ t͡s t͡ʃ
aspirated t͡ʙ̥ʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʃ x h
voiced (v) (z)
Approximant l ɹ j

All phonemes with /t/ are dental

/ʈ/ is realised like /ʈʵ/

Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open/
Open-mid		 a ʌ

All vowels can have high, mid, or low tone

References
  1. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  2. Coupe (2015) "Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam", Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10–14 August 2015
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