Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

A total solar eclipse occurred at the ascending node of the Moon's orbit on July 2, 2019, with an eclipse magnitude of 1.0459. Totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Coquimbo Region in Chile and Central Argentina at sunset, with the maximum of 4 minutes 32 seconds visible from the Pacific Ocean. The Moon was only 2.4 days before perigee (Perigee on July 5, 2019), making it fairly large.

Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Totality viewed from La Serena, Chile
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma-0.6466
Magnitude1.0459
Maximum eclipse
Duration273 sec (4 m 33 s)
Coordinates17.4°S 109°W / -17.4; -109
Max. width of band201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:24:08
References
Saros127 (58 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9551

Another solar eclipse occurred one lunar year after this eclipse, on June 21, 2020. A total solar eclipse crossed this region of the Earth on December 14, 2020.

Images
Animated path
Geostationary satellite view of the eclipse by NOAA's GOES East. Hurricane Barbara can also be seen in the northern hemisphere.

Visibility

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

Following the North American solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for the 2019 eclipses.[1]

Totality travelled over areas with low levels of humidity and light pollution, allowing for very good observations. Several major observatories experienced totality, including the European Southern Observatory.[2][3]

Oeno Island

The first land surface and the only Pacific island from which totality would have been visible is Oeno Island, an uninhabited atoll in the Pitcairn Islands.[3]

Chile

Totality was visible in a large portion of Coquimbo Region and small parts of Atacama Region. Cities in the path include La Serena and La Higuera. Approximately 300,000 people visited La Serena to view the event.[2] Tickets to view the eclipse from the European Southern Observatory were sold for US$2000 each.[3]

Argentina

Totality was visible in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires. Cities in the path include San Juan and Río Cuarto.[3] The path of the totality was finishing at the Samborombon Bay, where the eclipsed suunset was observed from San Clemente del Tuyu.

The total solar eclipse at sunset seen from San Clemente del Tuyu above Samborombon Bay (credits: Atcco SRL).

Another 130 km further south-east, the local inhabitants could watch the total solar eclipse plunge below the horizon. There are reports from the Atlantic coast, where the fleeting umbra was recorded in the Santa Teresita and Pinamar resorts.[4]

Eclipses of 2019

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros cycle

Tritos

Solar Saros 127

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

Note: Partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018, and August 11, 2018, occurred during the previous semester series.

Saros 127

It is a part of Saros cycle 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 82 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular eclipses in this series. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. The longest duration of totality was 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s ascending node.[6]

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

In the 19th century:

  • Solar Saros 120: Total Solar Eclipse of 1816 Nov 19
  • Solar Saros 121: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1845 Oct 30
  • Solar Saros 122: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1874 Oct 10

In the 22nd century:

  • Solar Saros 130: Total Solar Eclipse of 2106 May 3
  • Solar Saros 131: Annular Solar Eclipse of 2135 Apr 13
  • Solar Saros 132: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 2164 Mar 23
  • Solar Saros 133: Total Solar Eclipse of 2193 Mar 03

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

References
  1. Cooper, Gael (2017-08-22). "Wait! Dig those eclipse glasses out of the garbage Here comes the sun. Astronomers Without Borders will be collecting the protective eyewear for use in future eclipses worldwide". Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  2. "Total solar eclipse: thousands in Chile and Argentina marvel at 'something supreme'". The Guardian. 2019-07-02. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  3. "Total solar eclipse hits South America". BBC News. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  4. "Solar eclipse below the horizon 2019 – the World's first webcam observation". MkrGeo. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  5. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. "Solar Saros series 127". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

Additional sources
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