Tosnensky District

Tosnensky District (Russian: То́сненский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[7] district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of the oblast and borders with Kirovsky District in the north, Kirishsky District in the east, Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, Luzhsky District in the southwest, Gatchinsky District in the west, and Pushkinsky and Kolpinsky Districts of the federal city of Saint Petersburg in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,585.4 square kilometers (1,384.3 sq mi).[3] Its administrative center is the town of Tosno.[1] Population (excluding the administrative center): 83,898 (2010 Census);[4] 77,194 (2002 Census);[9] 78,500 (1989 Census).[10]

Tosnensky District Тосненский район
District
Flag Coat of arms
Location of TosnenskyDistrict in Leningrad Oblast
Coordinates: 59°33′N 30°54′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Leningrad Oblast[1]
Established	August 19, 1930[2]
Administrative center	Tosno[1]
Area [3]
• Total	3,585.4 km^2 (1,384.3 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	83,898
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	129,761 (+54.7%)
• Density	23/km^2 (61/sq mi)
• Urban	59.3%
• Rural	40.7%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	6 settlement municipal formation
• Inhabited localities[1]	3 Cities/towns, 4 Urban-type settlements[6], 108 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Tosnensky Municipal District[7]
• Municipal divisions[7]	7 Urban settlements, 6 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [8])
OKTMO ID	41648000
Website	http://tosno-online.com/

Geography

The northern part of the district is heavily urbanized and consists essentially of suburbs of Saint Petersburg, whereas the southern part is swampy and hardly populated. The whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Neva River. The rivers in the north and in the west of the district drain into left tributaries of the Neva, of which the Tosna and the Izhora are the principal ones. The rivers in the south and in the east of the district drain into the Tigoda and the Kerest, left tributaries of the Volkhov River. The Tigoda crosses the southeastern part of the district, while a short stretch of the Kerest makes the boundary between the district and Novgorod Oblast.

History

The Lustovka River with the Church of the Holy Cross in Lisino-Korpus in the background.

Originally, the area of the district was populated by Finnic peoples. From the 9th century, the area was changing hands between Novgorod Republic (from the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow), and Sweden. In 1617, according to the Treaty of Stolbovo, the area was transferred to Sweden, and in the 1700s, during the Great Northern War, it was conquered back by Russia. The city of Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703.

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, Novgorod Governorate split off. The eastern part of the area was a part of Novgorodsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate. The western part remained in Saint Petersburg Governorate and later was split between Tsarskoselsky and Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezds (renamed in 1913 Petrogradsky Uyezd and in 1924 Leningradsky Uyezd; the governorate was accordingly renamed Petrogradsky in 1913 and Leningradsky in 1924). On November 20, 1918 Tsarskoye Selo was renamed Detskoye Selo, and the uyezd was renamed Detskoselsky. On February 14, 1923 Detskoselsky and Petergofsky Uyezds were abolished and merged into Gatchinsky Uyezd, with the administrative center located in Gatchina.[11]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Lyubansky District, with the administrative center in the town of Lyuban, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. It included parts of former Novgorodsky Uyezds. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[12] On August 19, 1930 Lyubansky District was abolished, and Tosnensky District with the administrative district in Tosno was established on the areas occupied by Lubansky District and parts of Detskoselsky and Kolpinsky Districts. On August 20, 1935 Tosno and Krasny Bor were granted urban-type settlement status. Between September 1941 and January 1944, during World War II, the district was occupied by German troops. On December 9, 1960 parts of abolished Mginsky District were transferred to Tosnensky District, and in 1977, they were split off to form Kirovsky District. On February 1, 1963 Tosno was granted town status.[2]

On August 1, 1927 Detskoselsky District was established as well, with the administrative center in the town of Detskoye Selo. It was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas formerly belonging to Gatchinsky and Novgorodsky Uyezds. The town of Slutsk was also a part of the district. On August 19, 1930 the district was abolished and split between Tosnensky, Krasnogvardeysky, and Leningradsky Prigorodny Districts.[13]

Another district established on August 1, 1927 was Kolpinsky District, with the administrative center in the town of Kolpino. It was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas formerly belonging to Leningradsky and Gatchinsky Uyezds. On August 19, 1930 the district was abolished and split between Tosnensky and Leningradsky Prigorodny Districts.[14]

On August 19, 1936 Slutsky District was established. It included some aread from abolished Leningradsky Prigorodny District and from Tosnensky District. On June 23, 1939 parts of Krasnogvardeysky District were transferred to Slutsky District. Between September 1941 and January 1944 parts of the district were occupied by German troops. On April 23, 1944 Slutsk was renamed Pavlovsk, and the district was renamed Pavlovsky. On July 25, 1953 Pavlovsky District was abolished and split between the city of Leningrad, Gatchinsky, and Tosnensky Districts.[15]

Economy

Industry

The economy of the district is based on construction industry, machine building industry, timber industry and peat extraction. In particular, the enterprises located in the district in 2011 produced 10% of the total amount of ceramic tiles in Russia.[16]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations in the district are meat and milk production, as well as growing of potatoes and vegetables. As of 2011, Tosnensky District produced 70% of all pork produced in Leningrad Oblast.[16]

Transportation

Two railway lines, connecting Saint Peterburg with Moscow and Veliky Novgorod, respectively, cross the district from north to south. Ulyanovka (Sablino railway station), Tosno, and Lyuban are the main railway stations within the district. Sablino serves furthermore as a railway node and is connected by railways with Mga and Gatchina. Gladkoye narrow gauge railway and Pelgorskoye peat narrow gauge railway for hauling peat operate in the district.

The M10 highway, connecting Saint Petersburg in Moscow, crosses the district from north to south, mostly running parallel to the railway. The A120 road, encircling Saint Petersburg, crosses the northern part of the district. There are also local roads, which in particular form a dense network in the northern part of the district, in the suburbs of Saint Petersburg.

Culture and recreation

The Maryino Estate

The district contains twenty-two cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally eighty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[17] The federal monuments include the Maryino Estate of Stroganovs, currently in the village of Andrianovo, and the ensemble of the Forest School in the settlement of Lisino-Korpus.

The only state museum in the district is the Tosnensky District Museum, located in the town of Tosno.[18]

References

Notes

1. Oblast Law #32-oz
2. Тосненский район (август 1930) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
3. Презентации районов Ленинградской области на выставке-ярмарке «Агрорусь» в «Ленэкспо» (in Russian). Ленэкспо. 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
7. Law #116-oz
8. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
9. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
10. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
11. Царскосельский уезд (1917 - нояб. 1918), Детскосельский уезд (ноябрь1918 - фев.1923) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
12. Любанский район (август 1927 г . - август 1930г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
13. Детскосельский район (август 1927 г . – август 1930 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
14. Колпинский район (август 1927 г . – август 1930 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
15. Слуцкий район (август 1936 - январь 1944 г .), Павловский район (январь 1944 - июль 1953 г.). (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
16. Тосненский район смотрит в будущее. Ленинградская область Экономика и Инвестиции (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. 77. 2012.
17. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
18. Тосненский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved January 23, 2013.

Sources

• Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №32-оз от 15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от 8 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №116-оз от 22 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Тосненский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №17-оз от 6 мая 2010 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы в связи с принятием федерального закона "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с совершенствованием организации местного самоуправления"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (9 января 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Вестник Правительства Ленинградской области", №44, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #116-oz of December 22, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Tosnensky Municipal District and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Oblast Law #17-oz of May 6, 2010 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Due to the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Due to the Improvement of the Organization of the Local Self-Government". Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication (January 9, 2005).).
• Всероссийский центральный исполнительный комитет. Постановление от 10 октября 1930 г. «О реорганизации сети районов Лениградской области». (All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Resolution of October 10, 1930 On the Reorganization of the District Network of Leningrad Oblast. ).