List of earthquakes in 1931

This is a list of earthquakes in 1931. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused deaths, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. In a stark contrast to 1930, many large and destructive earthquakes occurred during 1931. The largest and deadliest event was the magnitude 7.9 earthquake which caused major devastation to China in August. New Zealand saw its worst natural disaster in February. Iran and Nicaragua had many deaths from earthquakes in the first half of the year. Other interesting events happened in Texas and the United Kingdom with the largest quakes for these areas hitting this year.

Earthquakes in 1931
Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1931
Strongest magnitudeTwo events reached magnitude 7.9.
Deadliest China, Xinjiang Province (Magnitude 7.9) August 10 10,000 deaths
Total fatalities15,920
Number by magnitude
9.0+0
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.923
6.0−6.998
5.0−5.93
 1930
1932 

Overall

By death toll

Rank Death toll Magnitude Location MMI Depth (km) Date
1 10,000 7.9  China, Xinjiang Province XI (Extreme) 10.0 August 10
2 2,890 6.5  Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic VIII (Severe) 15.0 April 27
3 2,450 5.6  Nicaragua, Managua City ( ) 0.0 March 31
4 256 7.4  New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, North Island IX (Violent) 35.0 February 2
5 114 7.6  Mexico, Oaxaca X (Extreme) 35.0 January 15
6 90 5.8  Albania, Korçë County IX (Violent) 33.0 January 28
7 50 7.9  Solomon Islands ( ) 15.0 October 3
8 16 6.5  Japan, Saitama Prefecture, Honshu ( ) 15.0 September 21
  • Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

Rank Magnitude Death toll Location MMI Depth (km) Date
= 1 7.9 10,000  China, Xinjiang Province XI (Extreme) 10.0 August 10
= 1 7.9 50  Solomon Islands ( ) 15.0 October 3
2 7.8 0  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 35.0 March 9
3 7.7 0  Solomon Islands ( ) 15.0 October 10
= 4 7.6 114  Mexico, Oaxaca X (Extreme) 35.0 January 15
= 4 7.6 0  Myanmar, Kachin State ( ) 15.0 January 27
5 7.5 1  Japan, east of Kyushu ( ) 35.0 November 2
= 6 7.4 256  New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, North Island IX (Violent) 35.0 February 2
= 6 7.4 0  Russia, Primorsky Krai ( ) 356.7 February 20
= 6 7.4 0  Indonesia, Enggano Island VIII (Severe) 35.0 September 25
= 7 7.3 0  New Zealand, Manawatū-Whanganui ( ) 45.0 February 13
= 7 7.3 0  Indonesia, Banda Sea ( ) 100.0 March 28
= 8 7.2 0  United States, south of Guam ( ) 15.0 January 28
= 8 7.2 0  Chile, Valparaiso Region ( ) 35.0 March 18
= 8 7.2 0  Pakistan, Baluchistan Province ( ) 10.0 August 27
= 9 7.1 0 north Atlantic Ocean ( ) 10.0 May 20
= 9 7.1 0  China, Xinjiang Province ( ) 10.0 August 18
= 9 7.1 0  United States, Northern Mariana Islands ( ) 167.8 September 9
= 10 7.0 0  Indonesia, east of Enggano Island ( ) 35.0 February 10
= 10 7.0 0  Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province ( ) 35.0 August 7
= 10 7.0 0  Solomon Islands ( ) 15.0 October 3
= 10 7.0 0  Solomon Islands ( ) 15.0 October 3
= 10 7.0 0  Solomon Islands, south of ( ) 15.0 October 3
  • Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

January
Strongest magnitude7.6 Mw 2 events
Deadliest5.8 Mw  Albania
90 deaths
Total fatalities90
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.93
6.0−6.913
5.0−5.91
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[1] Taiwan, east of6.415.0
2[2] Mexico, off the coast of Jalisco6.720.0
9[3] Japan, Akita Prefecture, Honshu6.0140.0
12[4] Russia, off the east coast of Kamchatka6.535.0
15[5][6] Mexico, Oaxaca7.635.0X 1931 Oaxaca earthquake
15[7] Japan, northwest of the Ryukyu Islands6.8200.0
15[8] Papua New Guinea, Ninigo Islands6.515.0
16[9] Mexico, Oaxaca6.330.0 Aftershock.
17[10] Mexico, Gulf of California6.710.0
19[11] Indonesia, north of Wetar6.035.0
20[12] Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province6.5220.0
20[13] Indonesia, Strait of Malacca6.2190.0
21[14] Japan, off the southeast coast of Hokkaido6.2120.0
24[15] Philippines, Siargao6.235.0
27[16] Myanmar, Kachin State7.615.0 1931 Myitkyina earthquake.
28[17] Albania, Korce County5.833.0IX 90 people were killed and some damage was caused.90
28[18] United States, south of Guam7.215.0

February

February
Strongest magnitude7.4 Mw 2 events
Deadliest7.4 Mw  New Zealand
256 deaths
Total fatalities256
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.94
6.0−6.98
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

2[19][20][21] New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, North Island7.435.0IX The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake caused 256 deaths. 2 people were missing. Thousands of people were injured. Property damage costs were estimated at $900 million (2010 rates). This is currently the deadliest natural disaster to strike New Zealand as of 2019. Many aftershocks followed.2561,000+
8[22] New Zealand, off the east coast of North Island6.415.0 Aftershock.
10[23] Indonesia, east of Enggano Island7.035.0
12[24] Indonesia, east of Enggano Island6.435.0 Aftershock.
13[25] Taiwan, north of6.035.0
13[26] New Zealand, Manawatū-Whanganui, North Island7.345.0 Doublet earthquake with previous event on February 2.
14[27] Indonesia, southern Sumatra6.615.0 Aftershock.
16[28] Japan, southern Hokkaido6.325.0
19[29] Indonesia, northeast of Enggano Island6.535.0 Aftershock.
20[30] Russia, Primorsky Krai7.4365.0
22[31] Indonesia, Flores Sea6.0100.0
27[32] Indonesia, Molucca Sea6.535.0

March

March
Strongest magnitude7.8 Mw  Japan
Deadliest5.6 Mw  Nicaragua
2,450 deaths
Total fatalities2,450
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.93
6.0−6.911
5.0−5.91
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[33] Russia, south of Sakhalin6.5330.0
2[34] France, southeast of the Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia6.770.0
5[35] Indonesia, north of Simeulue6.035.0
7[36] Greece, Central Macedonia6.035.0
7[37] Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua6.080.0
8[38][39] North Macedonia, Southeastern Statistical Region6.610.0X
9[40] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.835.0
11[41] Indonesia, Banda Sea6.035.0
11[42] Japan, Volcano Islands6.735.0
18[43] Chile, Valparaiso Region7.235.0
18[44] Philippines, south of Mindanao6.735.0
19[45][46] Philippines, off the west coast of Luzon6.715.0IX Some damage was reported.
28[47] Indonesia, Banda Sea7.3100.0
29[48] Japan, Hokkaido6.880.0
31[49] Nicaragua, Jinotega Department5.60.0 The 1931 Nicaragua earthquake caused major destruction in the area. 2,450 deaths were reported. Property damage costs were $15 million (1931 rate).2,450

April

April
Strongest magnitude6.8 Mw  Fiji
Deadliest6.5 Mw  Azerbaijan
2,890 deaths
Total fatalities2,890
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.99
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

2[50] Indonesia, Banda Sea6.0130.0
3[51] Peru, off the north coast6.235.0
3[52] Argentina, Tucuman Province6.2180.0
3[53] Fiji, south of6.8630.0
6[54] Papua New Guinea, southwest of Bougainville Island6.535.0
8[55] Indonesia, Papua (province)6.035.0
9[56] Russia, southern Kuril Islands6.235.0
24[57] Papua New Guinea, southwest of Bougainville Island6.715.0
27[58][59] Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic6.515.0VIII The 1931 Zangezur earthquake caused major damage. 2,890 deaths were reported.2,890

May

May
Strongest magnitude7.1 Mw north Atlantic Ocean
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.96
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[60] Venezuela, Barinas (state)6.235.0
12[61] Russia, Kamchatka Krai6.550.0
16[62] Mexico, Oaxaca6.235.0
20[63]north Atlantic Ocean7.110.0
20[64] Chile, off the coast of Atacama Region6.235.0
24[65] Philippines, Dinagat Islands6.235.0
28[66] Chile, off the coast of Tarapaca Region6.5120.0

June

June
Strongest magnitude6.5 Mw 4 events
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.911
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[67] Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Province6.235.0
2[68] Japan, Gifu Prefecture, Honshu6.5260.0
4[69] Indonesia, Banda Sea6.5150.0
7[70][71] United Kingdom, off the east coast of England6.123.0VIII The 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in the United Kingdom. Some damage was reported.
9[72] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.035.0
15[73] Peru, Ica Region6.035.0
17[74] Japan, Tokyo, Honshu6.035.0
17[75] Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province6.5140.0
23[76] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.425.0
29[77] Japan, off the south coast of Honshu6.5380.0
29[78] Chile, Coquimbo Region6.035.0

July

July
Strongest magnitude6.8 Mw 2 events
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.99
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

11[79] Peru, Ucayali Region6.2120.0
12[80] Philippines, northeast of Ticao Island6.515.0
15[81] Russia, Sea of Okhotsk6.235.0
17[82] Mexico, Oaxaca6.235.0
18[83] Chile, Antofagasta Region6.8110.0
18[84] Russia, off the east coast of Kamchatka6.315.0
20[85] Samoa6.580.0
21[86] Vanuatu6.255.0
23[87] Papua New Guinea, southern Bougainville Island6.8400.0

August

August
Strongest magnitude7.9 Mw  China
Deadliest7.9 Mw  China
10,000 deaths
Total fatalities10,000
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.94
6.0−6.95
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

2[88] Russia, Sea of Okhotsk6.5400.0
6[89] Russia, Buryatia6.035.0
7[90] Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province7.035.0
10[91][92] China, Xinjiang Province7.910.0XI 10,000 people died in the 1931 Fuyun earthquake. Countless homes were destroyed in the area.10,000
15[93] Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province6.0240.0
16[94] United States, southwestern Texas6.510.0 The 1931 Valentine earthquake was the largest in Texas history.
18[95] China, Xinjiang Province7.110.0 Aftershock.
24[96] Pakistan, Balochistan, Pakistan6.810.0 Foreshock.
27[97][98] Pakistan, Balochistan, Pakistan7.210.0 Major damage was caused.

September

September
Strongest magnitude7.4 Mw  Indonesia
Deadliest6.5 Mw  Japan
16 deaths
Total fatalities16
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.92
6.0−6.910
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

8[99] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.235.0
9[100] United States, Northern Mariana Islands7.1167.5
12[101] Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula6.035.0
12[102] Colombia, off the west coast6.235.0
16[103] Japan, Yamanashi Prefecture, Honshu6.035.0
21[104][105] Japan, Saitama Prefecture, Honshu6.515.0 16 people were killed and some damage was reported.16
21[106]South China Sea6.725.0
21[107] New Zealand, Gisborne Region, North Island6.890.0
25[108][109] Indonesia, Enggano Island7.435.0VIII Some damage was caused by the 1931 Southwest Sumatra earthquake.
25[110] Indonesia, northeast of Enggano Island6.035.0 Aftershock.
26[111] Guatemala, San Marcos Department6.060.0
29[112] Indonesia, Molucca Sea6.035.0

October

October
Strongest magnitude7.9 Mw  Solomon Islands
Deadliest7.9 Mw  Solomon Islands
50 deaths
Total fatalities50
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.95
6.0−6.910
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[113] Mexico, Gulf of California6.035.0
3[114][115][116] Solomon Islands7.915.0 The earthquake caused some damage however a destructive tsunami was triggered. The waves resulted in 50 deaths and many homes being destroyed. Several strong aftershocks followed.50
3[117] Solomon Islands, south of7.015.0 Aftershock.
3[118] Solomon Islands7.015.0 Aftershock.
3[119] Solomon Islands7.015.0 Aftershock.
5[120] Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province6.8200.0
10[121] Solomon Islands7.715.0 This was to the north of the October 3 event.
10[122] Solomon Islands6.835.0 Aftershock.
10[123] Solomon Islands6.815.0 Aftershock.
10[124] Solomon Islands6.815.0 Aftershock.
10[125] Russia, far northern Sea of Okhotsk6.435.0
12[126] Panama, off the south coast6.035.0
18[127] Fiji, south of6.8485.0
28[128] Philippines, north of Luzon6.225.0
29[129] United States, Northern Mariana Islands6.5520.0

November

November
Strongest magnitude7.5 Mw  Japan
Deadliest7.5 Mw  Japan
1 death
Total fatalities1
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.96
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[130] Japan, east of Kyushu6.535.0 Foreshock.
2[131] Mexico, Oaxaca6.635.0
2[132][133] Japan, east of Kyushu7.535.0 1 person died and 14 homes were destroyed.1
2[134] Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province6.515.0
3[135] Japan, Iwate Prefecture, Honshu6.035.0
5[136] China, Xinjiang Province6.410.0
20[137] Solomon Islands, Makira6.715.0

References

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  95. "M 7.1 - northern Xinjiang, China". United States Geological Survey. August 18, 1931. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  96. "M 6.8 - Pakistan". United States Geological Survey. August 24, 1931. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  97. "M 7.2 - Pakistan". United States Geological Survey. August 27, 1931. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  98. "Significant Earthquake: PAKISTAN: MACH,BALUCHISTAN". National Geophysical Data Center. August 27, 1931. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
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  100. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 9, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  101. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 12, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  102. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 12, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  103. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 16, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  104. "M 6.5 - eastern Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. September 21, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  105. "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: HONSHU". National Geophysical Data Center. September 21, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  106. "M 6.7 - South China Sea". United States Geological Survey. September 21, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  107. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 21, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  108. "M 7.4 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. September 25, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  109. "Significant Earthquake: SW. SUMATRA". National Geophysical Data Center. September 25, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  110. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 25, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  111. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 26, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  112. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 29, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  113. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 1, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  114. "M 7.9 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  115. "Significant Earthquake: SOLOMON ISLANDS: SAN CRISTOBAL ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  116. "Tsunami Event: SAN CRISTOBAL ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  117. "M 7.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  118. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  119. "M 7.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 3, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  120. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 5, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  121. "M 7.7 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 10, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  122. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 10, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  123. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 10, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  124. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 10, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  125. "M 6.4 - Magadanskaya Oblast', Russia". United States Geological Survey. October 10, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  126. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 12, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  127. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 18, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  128. "M 6.2 - Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. October 28, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  129. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 29, 1931. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  130. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 1, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  131. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 2, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  132. "M 7.5 - southeast of Shikoku, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 2, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  133. "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: KYUSHU". National Geophysical Data Center. November 2, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  134. "M 6.5 - near the south coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. November 2, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  135. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 3, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  136. "M 6.4 - northern Xinjiang, China". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  137. "M 6.7 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 20, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
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