List of earthquakes in 1938

This is a list of earthquakes in 1938. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. This was once again a very busy year with 22 events reaching 7.0+. Topping the list was a huge quake which struck the Banda Sea, Indonesia in February. At a magnitude of 8.5 this was one of the largest earthquakes of all time. Despite the large size no deaths were reported. Despite the array of large events, the death toll for the year was only 296. Turkey saw the majority of the deaths due to a 6.6 magnitude event in April. November saw a series of large quakes strike off the east coast of Honshu, Japan. Also in November was a magnitude 8.3 which struck Alaska. Generally Indonesia and Japan saw most of the large 7.0+ events.

Earthquakes in 1938
Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1938
Strongest magnitude Indonesia, Banda Sea, (Magnitude 8.5) February 1
Deadliest Turkey, Kirsehir Province, (Magnitude 6.6) April 19 224 deaths
Total fatalities296
Number by magnitude
9.0+0
8.0−8.92
7.0−7.920
6.0−6.982
5.0−5.90
 1937
1939 

Overall

By death toll

Rank Death toll Magnitude Location MMI Depth (km) Date
1 224 6.6  Turkey, Kirsehir Province X (Extreme) 10.0 April 19
2 51 6.0  Myanmar, Shan State VIII (Severe) 0.0 May 14
3 17 7.7  Indonesia, Makassar Strait IX (Violent) 35.0 May 19
  • Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

Rank Magnitude Death toll Location MMI Depth (km) Date
1 8.5 0  Indonesia, Banda Sea ( ) 25.0 February 1
2 8.2 0  United States, south of the Alaska Peninsula VI (Strong) 35.0 November 10
3 7.8 1  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 35.0 November 5
= 4 7.7 0  Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province ( ) 35.0 May 12
= 4 7.7 17  Indonesia, Makassar Strait IX (Violent) 35.0 May 19
= 4 7.7 0  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 15.0 May 23
= 4 7.7 0  Japan, Ryukyu Islands ( ) 20.0 June 10
= 4 7.7 0  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 35.0 November 5
= 4 7.7 0  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 30.0 November 6
5 7.6 0  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu ( ) 25.0 November 6
6 7.5 0  Japan, Ryukyu Islands ( ) 20.0 June 16
= 7 7.3 0  Indonesia, Molucca Sea ( ) 15.0 October 10
= 7 7.3 0  Indonesia, northwest of Timor ( ) 90.0 October 20
8 7.2 0  Taiwan, Hualien County ( ) 15.0 September 7
= 9 7.1 0  Philippines, west of Luzon ( ) 15.0 May 23
= 9 7.1 0  France, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia ( ) 35.0 May 30
= 9 7.1 0  Mongolia, Bayan-Olgii Province ( ) 10.0 October 19
= 10 7.0 0 Scotia Sea ( ) 10.0 January 24
= 10 7.0 2  Colombia, Quindio Department VIII (Severe) 150.0 February 5
= 10 7.0 0  Myanmar, Chin State ( ) 75.0 August 16
= 10 7.0 0  Philippines, Samar Sea ( ) 15.0 August 29
= 10 7.0 0  New Zealand, Southland, New Zealand ( ) 15.0 December 16
  • Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

January
Strongest magnitude7.0 Mw Scotia Sea
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.99
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[1] Japan, Volcano Islands6.660.0
2[2][3] Mexico, off the coast of Oaxaca6.525.0VII Major damage was reported.
7[4] Papua New Guinea, west of New Ireland (island)6.515.0
10[5] Japan, Ryukyu Islands6.260.0
11[6] Japan, off the south coast of Honshu6.525.0
16[7] Peru, Loreto Region6.0100.0
18[8] Indonesia, off the west coast of southern Sumatra6.5100.0
22[9] Indonesia, Sunda Strait6.0150.0
23[10][11] United States, north of Maui, Hawaii6.610.0VII Damage was caused with costs being reported at $150,000 (1938 rate). Landslides were observed as well as cracks in roads.
24[12]Scotia Sea7.010.0

February

February
Strongest magnitude8.5 Mw  Indonesia
Deadliest7.0 Mw  Colombia
2 deaths
Total fatalities2
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.91
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.95
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

1[13][14][15][16] Indonesia, eastern Banda Sea8.525.0VII The 1938 Banda Sea earthquake was one of the largest in Indonesian history. Despite the size and shallow depth very little damage was caused. A tsunami was caused which resulted in 24 homes being destroyed with a further 8 being damaged.
2[17] Indonesia, Mentawai Islands6.0120.0
5[18][19] Colombia, Quindio Department7.0150.0VIII 2 people were killed and major damage was caused.2
5[20] Philippines, west of Catanduanes6.5160.0
7[21] Japan, Tochigi Prefecture, Honshu6.5100.0
13[22] Indonesia, off the west coast of West Papua (province)0.00.0 Some damage was caused. The magnitude and depth were unknown.
13[23] New Zealand, northeast of6.535.0
14[24] Turkmenistan, Balkan Region6.035.0

March

March
Strongest magnitude6.6 Mw  Canada
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.94
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

8[25] Papua New Guinea, southeast of New Ireland (island)6.550.0
14[26] India, Madhya Pradesh6.250.0
22[27] Canada, southwest of Haida Gwaii6.610.0
31[28] Philippines, Batanes6.560.0

April

April
Strongest magnitude6.6 Mw 3 events
Deadliest6.6 Mw  Turkey
224 deaths
Total fatalities224
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.99
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

4[29] Indonesia, Banda Sea6.0420.0
9[30] Vanuatu6.5100.0
13[31] Italy, Sicily6.6270.0
14[32] Myanmar, Sagaing Region6.6105.0
17[33] Australia, South Australia6.035.0
17[34] Chile, Arica y Parinacota Region6.560.0
19[35][36] Turkey, Kirsehir Province6.610.0X The 1938 Kirsehir earthquake caused major damage in the area. 224 people were killed.224
24[37] Argentina, Jujuy Province6.0180.0
25[38] Nicaragua, off the west coast of0.00.0 Some damage was caused. The magnitude and depth were unknown.
26[39] Indonesia, Banda Sea6.5150.0

May

May
Strongest magnitude7.7 Mw 3 events
Deadliest6.0 Mw  Myanmar
51 deaths
Total fatalities69+
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.95
6.0−6.94
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

3[40] Mexico, Morelos6.5100.0
6[41] Nicaragua, Leon Department0.00.0 Major damage was reported. The magnitude and depth were unknown.
11[42] Mexico, off the coast of Guerrero6.320.0
12[43][44] Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province7.735.0 Some homes were damaged or destroyed.
14[45] Myanmar, Shan State6.00.0VIII At least 51 people were killed and some homes were destroyed. The depth was unknown.51+
19[46][47][48] Indonesia, Makassar Strait7.735.0IX A tsunami caused 17 deaths in the area. 942 homes were destroyed and a further 184 sustained damage.17
23[49] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.715.0
23[50] Philippines, west of Luzon7.115.0
28[51][52] Japan, Hokkaido6.535.0 1 person was killed due to a tsunami. 7 homes were destroyed.1
28[53][54] United States, off the coast of Oregon6.00.0V The depth was unknown.
30[55] France, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia7.135.0

June

June
Strongest magnitude7.7 Mw  Japan
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.92
6.0−6.96
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

9[56] Indonesia, Buru6.915.0
10[57][58] Japan, Ryukyu Islands7.720.0 Minor damage was caused by a tsunami.
15[59] Chile, Coquimbo Region6.070.0
16[60] Japan, Ryukyu Islands7.520.0 This was to the northeast of the event on June 10.
20[61] Kyrgyzstan, Chuy Region6.815.0
23[62] Argentina, San Juan Province, Argentina6.570.0
23[63] Vanuatu6.645.0
28[64][65] Mexico, Guerrero6.5110.0 Some damage was caused.

July

July
Strongest magnitude6.6 Mw 2 events
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.90
6.0−6.98
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

5[66] France, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia6.635.0 rowspan="2"| Doublet earthquake.
6[67] France, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia6.575.0
21[68] Kenya, Kilifi County6.035.0
22[69] Mexico, off the coast of Jalisco6.620.0
23[70] Papua New Guinea, off the east coast of6.5120.0
24[71][72] United States, Fox Islands (Alaska)6.350.0I
29[73] Indonesia, Batu Islands6.535.0
31[74] Russia, Primorsky Krai6.0450.0

August

August
Strongest magnitude7.0 Mw 2 events
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.92
6.0−6.96
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

4[75] Argentina, Jujuy Province6.6205.0
16[76] Myanmar, Chin State7.075.0
18[77] Indonesia, southern Sumatra6.165.0
24[78] Indonesia, south of Sumbawa6.550.0
25[79] Indonesia, southwest of Sumatra6.415.0
29[80] Philippines, Samar Sea7.015.0
30[81] Papua New Guinea, off the north coast6.615.0
31[82] Papua New Guinea, west of New Ireland (island)6.625.0

September

September
Strongest magnitude7.2 Mw  Taiwan
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.95
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

7[83] Taiwan, Hualien County7.215.0
7[84] Papua New Guinea, southwest of Bougainville Island6.5160.0
18[85] Greece, Peloponnese (region)6.5100.0
21[86] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.515.0
27[87] Ethiopia, Afar Region6.415.0
27[88] Papua New Guinea, off the southeast coast of New Britain6.335.0

October

October
Strongest magnitude7.3 Mw  Indonesia 2 events
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.93
6.0−6.97
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

10[89] Indonesia, Molucca Sea7.315.0
11[90] Indonesia, Molucca Sea6.215.0 Aftershock.
12[91] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.515.0
13[92] Taiwan, Hualien County6.515.0
17[93] Japan, west of Hokkaido6.5250.0
19[94] Mongolia, Bayan-Olgii Province7.110.0
20[95] Indonesia, northwest of Timor7.390.0
21[96] China, Jilin Province6.2550.0
23[97]Mozambique Channel6.035.0
29[98] Indonesia, south of Lombok6.590.0

November

November
Strongest magnitude8.2 Mw  United States
Deadliest7.8 Mw  Japan
1 death
Total fatalities1
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.91
7.0−7.94
6.0−6.912
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

5[99][100] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.835.0 1 person was killed and 20 homes were destroyed. A tsunami was caused. Several large aftershocks followed this event. Some were almost as large as the mainshock.1
5[101] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.735.0 Aftershock.
6[102] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.730.0 Aftershock.
6[103] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu7.625.0 Aftershock.
7[104] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.530.0 Aftershock.
7[105] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.530.0 Aftershock.
9[106] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.815.0 Aftershock.
10[107][108] United States, south of Alaska Peninsula8.235.0VI This was one of the largest earthquakes in Alaskan history. The event was in a sparsely populated area so no damage was reported.
11[109] United States, south of Alaska Peninsula6.635.0 Aftershock.
13[110] Russia, Kuril Islands6.775.0
13[111] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.935.0 Aftershock.
14[112] Papua New Guinea, off the southeast coast of New Britain6.435.0
17[113] United States, south of Alaska Peninsula6.935.0 Aftershock.
18[114] Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands6.5360.0
21[115] China, Xizang Province6.035.0
22[116] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.825.0 Aftershock.
30[117] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.830.0 Aftershock.

December

December
Strongest magnitude7.0 Mw  New Zealand
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0−8.90
7.0−7.91
6.0−6.97
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

6[118][119] Taiwan, southeast of6.815.0 13 homes were destroyed.
7[120] Japan, off the east coast of Honshu6.625.0 Aftershock.
9[121] United States, Kodiak Island, Alaska6.425.0
16[122] New Zealand, Southland, New Zealand7.015.0
16[123] New Zealand, off the west coast of South Island6.615.0
17[124] Mongolia, Khovd Province6.610.0
21[125] Indonesia, south of Sumba6.325.0
30[126] New Zealand, Hawke's Bay Region6.235.0


References

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  101. "M 7.7 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  102. "M 7.7 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  103. "M 7.6 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  104. "M 6.5 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  105. "M 6.5 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  106. "M 6.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 9, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  107. "M 8.2 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 10, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  108. "M 8.2 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 10, 1938. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  109. "M 6.6 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 11, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  110. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 13, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  111. "M 6.9 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 13, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  112. "M 6.4 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. November 14, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  113. "M 6.9 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 17, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
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  115. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
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  117. "M 6.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 30, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  118. "M 6.8 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  119. "Significant Earthquake: TAIWAN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  120. "M 6.6 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. December 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  121. "M 6.4 - Kodiak Island region, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. December 9, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  122. "M 7.0 - South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. December 16, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  123. "M 6.6 - off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. December 16, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  124. "M 6.6 - western Mongolia". United States Geological Survey. December 17, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  125. "M 6.3 - Sumbawa region, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. December 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
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