1988 United States presidential election in South Dakota
The 1988 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
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 County Results
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| Elections in South Dakota |
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South Dakota was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
South Dakota weighed in for this election as one percent more Democratic than the national average.[1] This is the last of only four elections since statehood when South Dakota has voted more Democratic than the national average,[lower-alpha 1] an anomaly probably caused by the persistent crisis in the United States' farming sector during the decade.
Partisan background
The presidential election of 1988 was a very partisan election for South Dakota, with more than 99 percent of the electorate voting for either the Republican or the Democratic parties, and only five candidates appearing on the ballot.[2] While most counties turned out in this election for Bush, the highly populated centers of Brown County and Sioux Falls's Minnehaha County, voted in majority for Dukakis.
Republican victory
Bush won the election in South Dakota with a 6-point margin. While South Dakota tends to lean conservative, the election results in South Dakota are also reflective of a nationwide political reconsolidation of base for the Republican Party, which took place through the 1980s. Through the passage of some very controversial economic programs, spearheaded by then President Ronald Reagan (called, collectively, "Reaganomics"), the mid-to-late 1980s saw a period of economic growth and stability.
Dukakis ran his campaign on a socially liberal platform, and advocated for higher economic regulation and environmental protection. Bush, alternatively, ran on a campaign of continuing the social and economic policies of then-President Reagan, which gained him much support with social and economic conservatives.
Results
| 1988 United States presidential election in South Dakota | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | 165,415 | 52.85% | 3 | |
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 145,560 | 46.51% | 0 | |
| Independent | Ron Paul | 1,060 | 0.34% | 0 | |
| Independent | Lenora Fulani | 730 | 0.23% | 0 | |
| Independent | James Warren | 226 | 0.07% | 0 | |
| Totals | 312,991 | 100.0% | 3 | ||
Results by county
| County[3] | George Herbert Walker Bush Republican |
Michael Stanley Dukakis Democratic |
Ronald Ernest Paul Independent |
Leonora Branch Fulani Independent |
James Warren Independent |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Aurora | 856 | 46.17% | 987 | 53.24% | 5 | 0.27% | 5 | 0.27% | 1 | 0.05% | -131 | -7.07% | 1,854 |
| Beadle | 4,611 | 50.23% | 4,523 | 49.27% | 29 | 0.32% | 15 | 0.16% | 2 | 0.02% | 88 | 0.96% | 9,180 |
| Bennett | 663 | 52.54% | 579 | 45.88% | 18 | 1.43% | 1 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.08% | 84 | 6.66% | 1,262 |
| Bon Homme | 1,826 | 53.44% | 1,574 | 46.06% | 6 | 0.18% | 9 | 0.26% | 2 | 0.06% | 252 | 7.37% | 3,417 |
| Brookings | 5,394 | 52.34% | 4,860 | 47.16% | 20 | 0.19% | 29 | 0.28% | 2 | 0.02% | 534 | 5.18% | 10,305 |
| Brown | 8,537 | 49.34% | 8,673 | 50.13% | 42 | 0.24% | 39 | 0.23% | 11 | 0.06% | -136 | -0.79% | 17,302 |
| Brule | 971 | 49.19% | 991 | 50.20% | 9 | 0.46% | 2 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.05% | -20 | -1.01% | 1,974 |
| Buffalo | 151 | 30.82% | 334 | 68.16% | 2 | 0.41% | 1 | 0.20% | 2 | 0.41% | -183 | -37.35% | 490 |
| Butte | 2,291 | 63.96% | 1,256 | 35.06% | 19 | 0.53% | 15 | 0.42% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,035 | 28.89% | 3,582 |
| Campbell | 909 | 72.60% | 334 | 26.68% | 8 | 0.64% | 1 | 0.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 575 | 45.93% | 1,252 |
| Charles Mix | 1,966 | 46.99% | 2,205 | 52.70% | 5 | 0.12% | 4 | 0.10% | 4 | 0.10% | -239 | -5.71% | 4,184 |
| Clark | 1,247 | 51.44% | 1,164 | 48.02% | 3 | 0.12% | 9 | 0.37% | 1 | 0.04% | 83 | 3.42% | 2,424 |
| Clay | 2,307 | 44.37% | 2,859 | 54.98% | 18 | 0.35% | 7 | 0.13% | 9 | 0.17% | -552 | -10.62% | 5,200 |
| Codington | 5,050 | 51.99% | 4,570 | 47.05% | 34 | 0.35% | 46 | 0.47% | 14 | 0.14% | 480 | 4.94% | 9,714 |
| Corson | 710 | 49.03% | 722 | 49.86% | 11 | 0.76% | 4 | 0.28% | 1 | 0.07% | -12 | -0.83% | 1,448 |
| Custer | 1,806 | 59.49% | 1,180 | 38.87% | 34 | 1.12% | 9 | 0.30% | 7 | 0.23% | 626 | 20.62% | 3,036 |
| Davison | 4,024 | 51.68% | 3,705 | 47.59% | 20 | 0.26% | 30 | 0.39% | 7 | 0.09% | 319 | 4.10% | 7,786 |
| Day | 1,616 | 42.82% | 2,137 | 56.62% | 19 | 0.50% | 2 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | -521 | -13.80% | 3,774 |
| Deuel | 1,251 | 49.49% | 1,246 | 49.29% | 17 | 0.67% | 12 | 0.47% | 2 | 0.08% | 5 | 0.20% | 2,528 |
| Dewey | 765 | 42.76% | 1,007 | 56.29% | 14 | 0.78% | 1 | 0.06% | 2 | 0.11% | -242 | -13.53% | 1,789 |
| Douglas | 1,438 | 67.23% | 695 | 32.49% | 3 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.14% | 0 | 0.00% | 743 | 34.74% | 2,139 |
| Edmunds | 1,327 | 51.06% | 1,259 | 48.44% | 7 | 0.27% | 4 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.08% | 68 | 2.62% | 2,599 |
| Fall River | 2,002 | 58.59% | 1,380 | 40.39% | 25 | 0.73% | 7 | 0.20% | 3 | 0.09% | 622 | 18.20% | 3,417 |
| Faulk | 842 | 53.94% | 714 | 45.74% | 2 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.19% | 0 | 0.00% | 128 | 8.20% | 1,561 |
| Grant | 2,148 | 51.49% | 1,988 | 47.65% | 19 | 0.46% | 15 | 0.36% | 2 | 0.05% | 160 | 3.84% | 4,172 |
| Gregory | 1,566 | 57.53% | 1,138 | 41.81% | 7 | 0.26% | 9 | 0.33% | 2 | 0.07% | 428 | 15.72% | 2,722 |
| Haakon | 958 | 70.91% | 379 | 28.05% | 9 | 0.67% | 5 | 0.37% | 0 | 0.00% | 579 | 42.86% | 1,351 |
| Hamlin | 1,380 | 52.06% | 1,258 | 47.45% | 9 | 0.34% | 4 | 0.15% | 0 | 0.00% | 122 | 4.60% | 2,651 |
| Hand | 1,461 | 56.67% | 1,101 | 42.71% | 8 | 0.31% | 8 | 0.31% | 0 | 0.00% | 360 | 13.96% | 2,578 |
| Hanson | 786 | 50.00% | 776 | 49.36% | 8 | 0.51% | 2 | 0.13% | 0 | 0.00% | 10 | 0.64% | 1,572 |
| Harding | 633 | 70.33% | 259 | 28.78% | 5 | 0.56% | 3 | 0.33% | 0 | 0.00% | 374 | 41.56% | 900 |
| Hughes | 4,545 | 61.07% | 2,853 | 38.34% | 24 | 0.32% | 15 | 0.20% | 5 | 0.07% | 1,692 | 22.74% | 7,442 |
| Hutchinson | 2,700 | 62.56% | 1,594 | 36.93% | 9 | 0.21% | 13 | 0.30% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,106 | 25.63% | 4,316 |
| Hyde | 546 | 53.58% | 436 | 42.79% | 29 | 2.85% | 5 | 0.49% | 3 | 0.29% | 110 | 10.79% | 1,019 |
| Jackson | 671 | 58.81% | 450 | 39.44% | 14 | 1.23% | 2 | 0.18% | 4 | 0.35% | 221 | 19.37% | 1,141 |
| Jerauld | 777 | 50.65% | 751 | 48.96% | 2 | 0.13% | 4 | 0.26% | 0 | 0.00% | 26 | 1.69% | 1,534 |
| Jones | 521 | 66.28% | 261 | 33.21% | 3 | 0.38% | 1 | 0.13% | 0 | 0.00% | 260 | 33.08% | 786 |
| Kingsbury | 1,592 | 51.57% | 1,472 | 47.68% | 11 | 0.36% | 7 | 0.23% | 5 | 0.16% | 120 | 3.89% | 3,087 |
| Lake | 2,439 | 47.62% | 2,663 | 51.99% | 8 | 0.16% | 9 | 0.18% | 3 | 0.06% | -224 | -4.37% | 5,122 |
| Lawrence | 5,570 | 59.39% | 3,705 | 39.50% | 66 | 0.70% | 32 | 0.34% | 6 | 0.06% | 1,865 | 19.88% | 9,379 |
| Lincoln | 3,537 | 52.35% | 3,190 | 47.21% | 15 | 0.22% | 9 | 0.13% | 6 | 0.09% | 347 | 5.14% | 6,757 |
| Lyman | 843 | 56.96% | 631 | 42.64% | 3 | 0.20% | 3 | 0.20% | 0 | 0.00% | 212 | 14.32% | 1,480 |
| Marshall | 1,142 | 45.23% | 1,372 | 54.34% | 7 | 0.28% | 4 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | -230 | -9.11% | 2,525 |
| McCook | 1,501 | 50.00% | 1,492 | 49.70% | 1 | 0.03% | 6 | 0.20% | 2 | 0.07% | 9 | 0.30% | 3,002 |
| McPherson | 1,358 | 70.14% | 571 | 29.49% | 4 | 0.21% | 2 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.05% | 787 | 40.65% | 1,936 |
| Meade | 5,189 | 61.24% | 3,212 | 37.91% | 43 | 0.51% | 27 | 0.32% | 2 | 0.02% | 1,977 | 23.33% | 8,473 |
| Mellette | 460 | 53.99% | 385 | 45.19% | 6 | 0.70% | 1 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 75 | 8.80% | 852 |
| Miner | 795 | 45.30% | 955 | 54.42% | 4 | 0.23% | 1 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | -160 | -9.12% | 1,755 |
| Minnehaha | 26,765 | 47.71% | 29,135 | 51.94% | 82 | 0.15% | 84 | 0.15% | 29 | 0.05% | -2,370 | -4.22% | 56,095 |
| Moody | 1,161 | 40.19% | 1,715 | 59.36% | 4 | 0.14% | 7 | 0.24% | 2 | 0.07% | -554 | -19.18% | 2,889 |
| Pennington | 19,510 | 61.44% | 12,068 | 38.00% | 90 | 0.28% | 71 | 0.22% | 18 | 0.06% | 7,442 | 23.43% | 31,757 |
| Perkins | 1,326 | 60.36% | 851 | 38.73% | 17 | 0.77% | 3 | 0.14% | 0 | 0.00% | 475 | 21.62% | 2,197 |
| Potter | 1,175 | 62.07% | 701 | 37.03% | 10 | 0.53% | 5 | 0.26% | 2 | 0.11% | 474 | 25.04% | 1,893 |
| Roberts | 2,012 | 46.67% | 2,267 | 52.59% | 20 | 0.46% | 6 | 0.14% | 6 | 0.14% | -255 | -5.92% | 4,311 |
| Sanborn | 815 | 51.10% | 770 | 48.28% | 4 | 0.25% | 6 | 0.38% | 0 | 0.00% | 45 | 2.82% | 1,595 |
| Shannon | 256 | 17.31% | 1,206 | 81.54% | 7 | 0.47% | 4 | 0.27% | 6 | 0.41% | -950 | -64.23% | 1,479 |
| Spink | 1,969 | 48.47% | 2,071 | 50.98% | 9 | 0.22% | 8 | 0.20% | 5 | 0.12% | -102 | -2.51% | 4,062 |
| Stanley | 698 | 57.26% | 511 | 41.92% | 8 | 0.66% | 2 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 187 | 15.34% | 1,219 |
| Sully | 571 | 56.76% | 393 | 39.07% | 41 | 4.08% | 1 | 0.10% | 0 | 0.00% | 178 | 17.69% | 1,006 |
| Todd | 535 | 31.92% | 1,117 | 66.65% | 5 | 0.30% | 9 | 0.54% | 10 | 0.60% | -582 | -34.73% | 1,676 |
| Tripp | 2,113 | 62.96% | 1,219 | 36.32% | 13 | 0.39% | 6 | 0.18% | 5 | 0.15% | 894 | 26.64% | 3,356 |
| Turner | 2,436 | 57.47% | 1,780 | 41.99% | 11 | 0.26% | 8 | 0.19% | 4 | 0.09% | 656 | 15.48% | 4,239 |
| Union | 1,907 | 41.91% | 2,612 | 57.41% | 11 | 0.24% | 14 | 0.31% | 6 | 0.13% | -705 | -15.49% | 4,550 |
| Walworth | 1,940 | 63.40% | 1,094 | 35.75% | 15 | 0.49% | 9 | 0.29% | 2 | 0.07% | 846 | 27.65% | 3,060 |
| Yankton | 4,186 | 52.05% | 3,777 | 46.96% | 26 | 0.32% | 41 | 0.51% | 13 | 0.16% | 409 | 5.09% | 8,043 |
| Ziebach | 362 | 45.53% | 427 | 53.71% | 3 | 0.38% | 2 | 0.25% | 1 | 0.13% | -65 | -8.18% | 795 |
| Totals | 165,415 | 52.85% | 145,560 | 46.51% | 1,060 | 0.34% | 730 | 0.23% | 226 | 0.07% | 19,855 | 6.34% | 312,991 |
See also
Notes
- The others are 1896 during Bryan's "Cross of Gold" campaign, 1932 during the Dust Bowl, and 1972 when favorite son George McGovern was the Democratic nominee.
References
- Counting the Votes; South Dakota
- "1988 Presidential General Election Results – South Dakota". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- Our Campaigns; SD US Presidential Election Race, November 08, 1988
