51 (number)

51 (fifty-one) is the natural number following 50 and preceding 52.

← 50 51 52 →
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Cardinal	fifty-one
Ordinal	51st (fifty-first)
Factorization	3 × 17
Divisors	1, 3, 17, 51
Greek numeral	ΝΑ´
Roman numeral	LI
Binary	1100112
Ternary	12203
Octal	638
Duodecimal	4312
Hexadecimal	3316

In mathematics

Fifty-one is a pentagonal number[1] as well as a centered pentagonal number[2] and an 18-gonal number[3] and a Perrin number.[4] It is also the 6th Motzkin number, telling the number of ways to draw non-intersecting chords between any six points on a circle's boundary, no matter where the points may be located on the boundary.[5]

Since the greatest prime factor of 51² + 1 = 2602 is 1301, which is substantially more than 51 twice, 51 is a Størmer number.[6] There are 51 different cyclic Gilbreath permutations on 10 elements,[7] and therefore there are 51 different real periodic points of order 10 on the Mandelbrot set.[8]

Since 51 is the product of the distinct Fermat primes 3 and 17, a regular polygon with 51 sides is constructible with compass and straightedge, the angle π/51 is constructible, and the number cos π/51 is expressible in terms of square roots.

In other fields

51 is:

• The atomic number of antimony
• The code for international direct dial phone calls to Peru
• The last possible television channel number in the UHF bandplan for American terrestrial television since December 31, 2011, when channels 52—69 were withdrawn
• The number of the laps of the Azerbaijan Grand Prix.
• In the 2006 film Cars, 51 was Doc Hudson's number.
• The fire station number in the television series Emergency!.
• The number of essays Alexander Hamilton wrote as part of The Federalist Papers defending the US constitution

See also

• AD 51, a year in the Julian calendar
• List of highways numbered 51
• The model number of the P-51 Mustang World War II fighter aircraft
• Area 51, a parcel of U.S. military-controlled land in southern Nevada, apparently containing a secret aircraft testing facility
• Photo 51, an X-ray image of key importance in elucidating the structure of DNA in the 1950s
• Fifty-One Tales, part of the title of a collection of stories by Lord Dunsany
• "51st State", any future US state, usually referring to Washington D.C. or Puerto Rico. Occasionally used in commentary to refer to non-US entities (such as Alberta) adopting US-like policies or seeking to become part of the US.
• 51 (film), a 2011 American horror film
• "Fifty-One", an episode of Breaking Bad
• Pastis 51, often just called "51", is a brand of pastis owned by Pernod Ricard.
• Greg Murphy used "#51" for most of the seasons he raced in V8 Supercars
• Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics, a Nintendo Switch video game with fifty-one activities

References

1. "Sloane's A000326 : Pentagonal numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
2. "Sloane's A005891 : Centered pentagonal numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
3. "Sloane's A051870 : 18-gonal numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
4. "Sloane's A001608 : Perrin sequence". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
5. "Sloane's A001006 : Motzkin numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
6. "Sloane's A005528 : Størmer numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
7. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000048". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
8. Diaconis, Persi; Graham, Ron (2012), "Chapter 5: From the Gilbreath Principle to the Mandelbrot Set", Magical Mathematics: the mathematical ideas that animate great magic tricks, Princeton University Press, pp. 61–83.