Visa requirements for Australian citizens

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Australia entering with an Australian passport.

An Australian passport

As of 7 July 2020, Australian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 183 countries and territories, ranking the Australian passport 9th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Canada) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements for the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country—for example, that a prospective entrant has no criminal history or health issues, or that there is evidence of sufficient funds or of a ticket for exit.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders

  Australia

  Freedom of Movement (Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement)

  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA

  Visa issued upon arrival

  Electronic authorization or online payment required / eVisa

  Both visa on arrival and eVisa available

  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Each country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. Rules for visits by ordinary passport holders are as follows:

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity [Note 1]
Afghanistan	Visa required[2]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens to not visit Afghanistan.[3]	√
Albania	Visa not required[4]	90 days		X
Algeria	Visa required[5]			√
Andorra	Visa not required[6]			X
Angola	eVisa[7][8]	30 days	Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points. For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[9] Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.[10]	X
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[11]	1 month		X
Argentina	Visa not required[12]	90 days		X
Armenia	Visa not required[13]	180 days		X
Austria	Visa not required[14]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries[15]	√
Azerbaijan	eVisa[16]	30 days[17]		X
Bahamas	Visa not required[18]	3 months		X
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[19]	14 days		X
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[20]	30 days	Not available at all entry points.[21]	X
Barbados	Visa not required[22]	6 months		X
Belarus	Visa not required[23]	30 days	Must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport, and not to/from Russia.	X
Belgium	Visa not required[24]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. Additionally bilateral agreement permits 2 months on top of this.	√
Belize	Visa not required[25]			X
Benin	eVisa / Visa on arrival[26][27]	30 days / 8 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.	X
Bhutan	Visa required[28]		Visa approved via tour operators only.	√
Bolivia	Visa not required[29]	90 days		X
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[30]	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period	X
Botswana	Visa not required[31]	90 days	90 days within any year period	X
Brazil	Visa not required[32]	90 days	Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.	X
Brunei	Visa on arrival[33]	30 days		X
Bulgaria	Visa not required[34]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Burkina Faso	Visa on arrival[35]	1 month		X
Burundi	Visa required[36]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Burundi.[37]	√
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[38]	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.[39]	X
Cameroon	Visa required[40]			√
Canada	Visa not required[41]	6 months	eTA required if arriving by air.[42]	√
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[43]		Not available at all entry points.[44]	X
Central African Republic	Visa required[45]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Central African Republic.[46]	√
Chad	Visa required[47]		Letter of invitation required.	√
Chile	eVisa[48][49]	90 days		X
China	Visa required[50]		24-hour visit without a visa when in transit through China (unless arriving in Fuzhou Changle International Airport, Huangshan Tunxi International Airport, Mudanjiang Hailang Airport, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport and Yanji Chaoyangchuan Airport). 72-hour visit without a visa when in transit through Changsha, Guilin and Harbin. 144-hours visit without a visa when in transit through Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jieyang, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xiamen and Xi'an.[51] Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan do count as third countries under the 24, 72 and 144-hours visa-free transit (TWOV) policies. 30-day visa free access is available for Hainan Province when arriving by air at Haikou or Sanya or by sea at designated sea ports. [52] Hong Kong and Macau have separate immigration policies from the mainland.	√
Colombia	Visa not required[53]	180 days	90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period	X
Comoros	Visa on arrival[54]			X
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[55]		Visa and invitation letters approved via tour operators only.	√
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Visa required[56]			√
Costa Rica	Visa not required[57]	90 days		X
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[58]	3 months	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.	X
Croatia	Visa not required[59]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Cuba	Tourist Card required[60]	30 days	Visitors travelling to Cuba can purchase a tourist card at the Cuban embassy or nearest travel agent that sells authorized cards.	√
Cyprus	Visa not required[61]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Czech Republic	Visa not required[62]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Denmark	Visa not required[63]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except the other Nordic countries)	√
Djibouti	eVisa[64]	31 days		X
Dominica	Visa not required[65]	6 months		X
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[66]	90 days		X
Ecuador	Visa not required[67]	90 days[68]		X
Egypt	eVisa / Visa on arrival[69][70]	30 days		X
El Salvador	Visa not required[71]	3 months		X
Equatorial Guinea	Visa required[72]		Letter of invitation required.	√
Eritrea	Visa required[73]		A tourist visa for Australian citizens is issued for a stay of 1 month from arrival to Eritrea.	√
Estonia	Visa not required[74]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Eswatini	Visa not required[75]	30 days[68]		X
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[76]	up to 90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[77] eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days.[78]	X
Fiji	Visa not required[79]	4 months		X
Finland	Visa not required[80]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
France	Visa not required[81]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in metropolitan France, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Gabon	eVisa / Visa on arrival[82]		Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[83]	X
Gambia	Visa not required[84]	90 days		X
Georgia	Visa not required[85]	1 year[86]		X
Germany	Visa not required[87]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Ghana	Visa required[88][89]			√
Greece	Visa not required[90]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Grenada	Visa not required[91]	3 months[68]	Beginning on December 1, 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.[92]	X
Guatemala	Visa not required[93]	90 days		X
Guinea	eVisa[94]	90 days		X
Guinea-Bissau	eVisa / Visa on arrival[95]	90 days		X
Guyana	Visa not required[96]	3 months		X
Haiti	Visa not required[97]	3 months		X
Honduras	Visa not required[98]	3 months		X
Hungary	Visa not required[99]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Iceland	Visa not required[100]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
India	e-Visa[101]	60 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 2] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 3][102] An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.	X
Indonesia	Visa not required[103][104]	30 days		X
Iran	eVisa/Visa on arrival[105]	30 days[106]		X
Iraq	Visa required[107]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Iraq.[108]	√
Ireland	Visa not required[109]	3 months		√
Israel	Visa not required[110]	3 months	Entry refused to anyone who "knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel."[111]	X
Italy	Visa not required[112]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Jamaica	Visa not required[113]			X
Japan	Visa not required[114]	90 days		√
Jordan	Visa on arrival[115]		Conditions apply.[116] Not available at all entry points.[117]	X
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[118]	30 days		X
Kenya	eVisa / Visa on arrival[119]	3 months		X
Kiribati	Visa not required[120]	120 days		X
North Korea	Visa required[121]		Independent travellers must be accompanied by a tour guide at all times.	√
South Korea	Visa not required[122]	90 days		√
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[123]	3 months		X
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[124]	60 days	A single or multiple tourist or business e-visa for 90 days is also available.[125]	X
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[126]	30 days	Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 4] and at 13 border crossings[Note 5] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[127] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[128] eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders. Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.	X
Latvia	Visa not required[129]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival[130]	1 month	Visa extendible for 2 additional months Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.	X
Lesotho	Visa not required[131]	14 days[68]		X
Liberia	Visa required[132]			√
Libya	Visa required[133]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Libya.[134]	√
Liechtenstein	Visa not required[135]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Lithuania	Visa not required[136]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Luxembourg	Visa not required[137]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[138]	90 days		X
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival[139][140]			X
Malaysia	Visa not required[141]	3 months		√
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[142]	30 days[68]		X
Mali	Visa required[143]			√
Malta	Visa not required[144]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[145]	90 days		X
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[146]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.	X
Mauritius	Visa not required[147]	90 days		X
Mexico	Visa not required[148]	180 days		X
Micronesia	Visa not required[149]	30 days		X
Moldova	Visa not required[150]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Monaco	Visa not required[151]			√
Mongolia	Visa required[152]		Registration upon arrival for stays longer than 30 days is mandatory.	√
Montenegro	Visa not required[153]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Morocco	Visa not required[154]	3 months		X
Mozambique	Visa on arrival[155]	30 days	Conditions apply[156]	X
Myanmar	eVisa / Free visa on arrival[157]	28 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. eVisa available for both tourism or business purposes.	X
Namibia	Visa not required[158]	3 months		X
Nauru	Visa required[159]		Criminal record and medical fitness certificates are not required for Australian citizens.[160]	√
Nepal	Visa on arrival[161]	90 days		X
Netherlands	Visa not required[162]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (European Netherlands)	√
New Zealand	Visa not required[163]		Australian citizens and permanent residents are eligible to be granted a Resident Visa on arrival under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, provided that they meet New Zealand character requirements.[164] Under the Immigration Act 2009, Australian citizens and permanent residents granted a Resident Visa on arrival are entitled to live, work and study in New Zealand indefinitely.[165] From 1 October 2019, permanent residents of Australia must obtain an Electronic Travel Authority prior to travelling to New Zealand. Australian citizens are exempt from this requirement.[166] Australian citizens and permanent residents who do not meet character requirements (as described in Sections 15 and 16 of the Immigration Act 2009) will not be granted a Resident Visa on arrival, and must apply for a visa prior to travel.[167]	√
Nicaragua	Visa not required[168]	90 days		X
Niger	Visa required[169]			√
Nigeria	Visa required[170]		Visa not required for Nigerian-born citizens.	√
North Macedonia	Visa not required[171]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Norway	Visa not required[172]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries)[173][174][175]	√
Oman	eVisa[176]	30 days		X
Pakistan	Online Visa[177]		Online Visa eligible.[178] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[179]	X
Palau	Free visa on arrival[180]	30 days		X
Panama	Visa not required[181]	180 days		X
Papua New Guinea	eVisa / Free visa on arrival[182]	30 days	Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul).	X
Paraguay	Visa on arrival[183]	90 days	Only available at Silvio Pettirossi International Airport in Luque. Reciprocity fee applies.	X
Peru	Visa not required[184]	183 days		X
Philippines	Visa not required[185]	30 days		X
Poland	Visa not required[186]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Portugal	Visa not required[187]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Qatar	Visa not required[188]	30 days		X
Romania	Visa not required[189]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Russia	Visa required[190]		Registration required after 2 business days.	√
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[191]	30 days		X
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[192]	3 months		X
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[193]	6 weeks		X
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[194]	1 month		X
Samoa	Visa not required[195]	60 days		X
San Marino	Visa not required[196]			√
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa[197]			X
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[198][199]	90 days		X
Senegal	Visa on arrival[200]	90 days		X
Serbia	Visa not required[201]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Seychelles	Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[202]	3 months[68]		X
Sierra Leone	Visa on arrival[203]			X
Singapore	Visa not required[204]	90 days		√
Slovakia	Visa not required[205]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Slovenia	Visa not required[206]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Solomon Islands	Free Visitor's permit on arrival[207]	3 months		X
Somalia	Visa on arrival[208]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Somalia.[209]	X
South Africa	Visa not required[210]	90 days		X
South Sudan	Electronic Visa[211]		Obtainable online[212] Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[213]	X
Spain	Visa not required[214]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival[215]	30 days		X
Sudan	Visa required[216]		Visa not required for Sudanese-born citizens.	√
Suriname	eVisa[217]			X
Sweden	Visa not required[218]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries)	√
Switzerland	Visa not required[219]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Syria	Visa required[220]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Syria.[221]	√
Tajikistan	Visa on arrival[222]	45 days	At Dushanbe International Airport. Visa also available online. E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[223]	X
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[224][225]	3 months		X
Thailand	Visa not required[226]	30 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.	X
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[227]	30 days	Not available at all entry points.[228]	X
Togo	Visa on arrival[229]	7 days		X
Tonga	Free visa on arrival[230]	31 days		X
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa on arrival[231]	30 days		X
Tunisia	Visa not required[232][233]	3 months		X
Turkey	eVisa[234]	3 months[235]	Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.[236]	X
Turkmenistan	Visa required[237]			√
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[238]	1 month[68]		X
Uganda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[239]		Determined at the port of entry. May apply online.[240]	X
Ukraine	Visa not required[241]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
United Arab Emirates	Free visa on arrival[242]	30 days		X
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies	Visa not required[243]	6 months	Can use ePassport gates starting 1 June 2019 [244]	√
United States	Visa Waiver Program[245]	90 days	On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[246] ESTA is not required for Guam and Northern Mariana Islands.	√
Uruguay	Visa not required[247]	3 months		X
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[248]	30 days	Local registration is required on arrival	X
Vanuatu	Visa not required[249]	30 days[68]		X
Vatican City	Visa not required[250]			√
Venezuela	Visa not required[251]	90 days	Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Venezuela.[252]	X
Vietnam	eVisa[253]	30 days		X
Yemen	Visa required[254]		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Yemen.[255]	√
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[256]	90 days	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe. eVisa available.	X
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[257]	3 months	Strictly tourism purposes only. Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia. eVisa available.	X

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized countries

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Abkhazia	Visa required[258]
Kosovo	Visa not required[259]	90 days
Northern Cyprus	Visa not required[260]	3 months
Artsakh	Visa on arrival[261]	Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[262]
Palestine	Visa not required[263]	Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[264]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[265][266]
South Ossetia	Visa not required[267]	Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[268][269]
Taiwan	Visa not required[270][271]	90 days
Transnistria	Visa not required[272]	Registration required after 24h.[273][274]

Dependent and autonomous territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Hong Kong
Hong Kong	Visa not required[275]	90 days
Macau
Macau	Visa not required[276]	30 days
Denmark
Faroe Islands	Visa not required[277]
Greenland	Visa not required[278]
France
French Guiana	Visa not required[279]	3 months
French Polynesia	Visa not required[280]	90 days within 180 days
French West Indies	Visa not required	Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
Mayotte	Visa not required[281]	3 months
New Caledonia	Visa not required[282]	3 months
Réunion	Visa not required[283]	3 months
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Visa not required[284]	3 months
Wallis and Futuna	Visa not required[285]	3 months
Netherlands
Aruba	Visa not required[286]	30 days, extendable to 180 days
Caribbean Netherlands	Visa not required[287]	90 days. Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
Curaçao	Visa not required[288]	90 days
Sint Maarten	Visa not required[289]	90 days
New Zealand
Cook Islands	Visa not required[290]	31 days
Niue	Visa not required[291]	30 days
Tokelau	Visa required[292]
United Kingdom
Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Visa not required[293]	Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.[294]
Anguilla	Visa not required[295]	3 months
Bermuda	Visa not required[296]	Up to 6 months, decided on arriva
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required	Special permit required.[297]
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required[298]	30 days, extensions possible
Cayman Islands	Visa not required[299]	6 months
Falkland Islands	Visa not required[300]
Gibraltar	Visa not required[301]
Montserrat	Visa not required[302]	6 months
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[303][304][305]
Ascension Island	eVisa	3 months within any year period[306][307]
Saint Helena	Visitor's Pass required	Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[308]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required	Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[309]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required	Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[310][311]
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required[312]	90 days
United States
American Samoa	Electronic authorization[313]	30 days
Guam	Visa not required[314]	45 days
Northern Mariana Islands	Visa not required[315]	45 days
Puerto Rico	Visa not required[316]	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
U.S. Virgin Islands	Visa not required[317]	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329]

Other territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Brest and Grodno	Visa not required	Visa-free for 10 days[330]
China Hainan	Visa on arrival[331]	15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[332]
China Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required	Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[333][334][335]
Crimea	Visa required	Visa issued by Russia is required.[336]
Ecuador Galápagos	Pre-registration required	Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[337]
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required	To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[338]
Greece Mount Athos	Special permit required	Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[339][340]
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required	Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[341][342][343]
Iran Kish Island	Visa not required	Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[344]
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival	Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[345]
Fiji Lau Province	Special permission required	Special permission required.[346]
France Clipperton Island	Special permit required	Special permit required.[347]
Kazakhstan	Special permission required	Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[348]
North Korea outside Pyongyang	Special permit required	People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required	These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[349]
Maldives outside Malé	Permission required	With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[350]
Norway Jan Mayen	Permit required	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[351] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[352]
Svalbard of  Norway	Visa not Required	Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty.
Novorossiya	Restricted area	Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[353]
Russia	Special authorization required	Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[354]
Sudan outside Khartoum	Travel permit required	All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur	Travel permit required	Separate travel permit is required.[355]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required	OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[356][357][358]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[359]	Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone.
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required	Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[360][361][362][363][364][365][366]
Venezuela Margarita Island	Visa not required	All visitors are fingerprinted.[367]
Vietnam Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days[368]
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden	Special permission required	Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[369]

Reciprocity issues

Some countries regard Australia's requirement for obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) prior to travel as being equivalent to offering visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory. The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,[370] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".[371] However, the United States has required from January 2009 a similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called a visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorization, therefore the USA still allows visa-free travel for Australians. As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.[372] Other ETA eligible countries and territories including Canada,[373] Hong Kong,[374] Malaysia,[375] Singapore,[376] South Korea (90 days)[377] and Taiwan (90 days)[378] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.[379]

Additional rules

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)

The Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.[380] However, amendments are under consideration to restrict exit from the Schengen area only through the territory of the Member State which is a Contracting Party to the bilateral agreement and the authorities of which have extended the stay.[381]

Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:

Austria[382][15]  Belgium[383]  Denmark[384][385]  Finland[386]  France[387]  Germany[388][389]  Iceland[390]  Italy[391]  Luxembourg[392]  Netherlands[393][394]  Spain[395]  Norway[173][174][175]  Sweden[396]

Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country. If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a six-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months

Australian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.[397] In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[398]

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)

In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit. Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).

In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.

 Austria allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.[399][400]

The  Czech Republic allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days.[401] Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014.[402]

 Germany permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).[403][404]

 Estonia permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[405] Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.[406]

 Hungary allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).[407]

 Latvia permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).[408]

 Netherlands exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.[409]

 Norway permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.[410]

Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom

Australian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

• they do not work during their stay in the UK
• they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
• they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
• they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
• they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area[411]
• if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK[412]

However, even though, strictly speaking, they are not required to apply for a visa if they satisfy all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK if they:

• have any unspent criminal convictions in any country
• have previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
• have previously applied for a visa and been refused one
• have been warned by a UK official that they should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Australian citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.

Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in the Republic of Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.

Visa exemption for New Zealand

By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:[413]

• they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
• they have no criminal convictions
• they have no untreated tuberculosis
• they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country

Travel ban

It is an offence for Australians to travel or remain in Declared Areas. Those are currently parts of northern Iraq and parts of northern Syria.

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme

  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[414]

Brunei^1  Chile^1  China^2  Hong Kong^2  Indonesia^2  Japan^1  South Korea^1  Malaysia^2  Mexico^1

New Zealand^1  Papua New Guinea^2  Peru^1  Philippines^3  Russia^1  Singapore^2  Taiwan^1  Thailand^1  Vietnam^2

_{1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days}

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[415]

• no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
• undertake legitimate business in participating economies
• expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
• expedited scheduling of visa interview (USA)

Consular protection of Australian citizens abroad

Diplomatic missions of Australia

There are currently over 100 Australian missions overseas.

In some countries Australians may also receive consular assistance from Canadian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement.

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Australian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

Foreign travel statistics
Destination	Number of Australian visitors
American Samoa[note 1][416][417]	775
Angola[418]	702
Antarctica[note 1][419]	4,488
Antigua and Barbuda[note 1][420]	761
Austria[note 2][note 3][421]	143,000
Azerbaijan[note 3][422]	1,851
Bahamas[note 4][423]	3,858
Barbados[note 2][note 3][424]	2,301
Belgium[note 3][425]	43,276
Bhutan[note 1][426]	2,249
Bolivia[note 3][427]	11,044
Bosnia and Herzegovina[note 1][428]	8,632
Botswana[429]	15,607
Brazil[note 1][430]	33,862
Brunei[note 5][431]	18,845
Cambodia[note 3][432]	146,806
Canada[note 1][433]	392,364
Cayman Islands[note 1][note 6][434]	1,303
Chile[note 3][435]	50,968
China[note 3][436][437]	673,200
Colombia[438]	13,356
Congo[note 7][439]	69
Cook Islands[note 1][416][440]	25,912
Costa Rica[note 1][441]	12,320
Croatia[note 1][442]	186,323
Cyprus[note 1][443]	14,655
Dominica[444]	437
Dominican Republic[note 1][445]	2,723
Ecuador[note 8][446]	13,686
Estonia[note 2][note 1][447]	7,431
Fiji[note 1][448]	365,689
Finland[449]	26,959
France[450]	1,266,509
French Polynesia[note 1][451]	7,363
Georgia[note 1][452]	4,611
Germany[note 3][453]	314,014
Greece[454]	183,165
Guatemala[note 8][455]	17,206
Guam[note 1][note 6][456]	2,255
Hong Kong[note 1][457]	567,881
Hungary[note 2][note 3][458]	41,231
Indonesia[note 3][459]	1,302,291
India[note 1][460]	324,243
Israel[note 1][461]	39,900
Italy[note 3][462]	884,000
Jamaica[note 1][463]	2,574
Japan[note 1][464]	495,100
Jordan[note 3][465]	21,857
Kazakhstan[note 1][466]	4,225
Kiribati[note 1][416][467]	1,097
Kyrgyzstan[note 1][468]	2,500
Laos[note 1][469]	20,886
Latvia[note 2][note 1][470]	7,421
Lebanon[note 3][471]	72,743
Luxembourg[note 3][note 2][472]	3,525
Macau[note 1][473]	88,988
Macedonia[note 3][note 2][474]	5,557
Madagascar[475]	1,098
Malaysia[note 1][476]	351,232
Malawi[note 9][477]	10,250
Maldives[note 1][478]	27,360
Mali[note 8][479]	860
Malta[note 1][480]	35,875
Marshall Islands[note 1][416]	234
Mauritius[note 1][478]	21,271
Mexico[note 1][note 6][481]	84,225
Micronesia[note 1][416][482]	942
Mongolia[note 1][483]	6,689
Montenegro[note 2][note 3][484]	6,103
Myanmar[note 3][485]	34,010
Namibia[486]	7,888
Nauru[note 1][416]	2,171
Nepal[487]	18,619
Netherlands[note 8][488]	188,000
New Caledonia[note 1][416][489]	23,705
New Zealand[note 1][490]	1,472,160
Niue[note 1][416][491]	951
Oman[note 1][492]	17,441
Pakistan[note 9][493]	13,200
Palau[note 1][416][494]	661
Panama[495]	4,349
Papua New Guinea[note 1][416][496]	70,112
Peru[note 1][497]	41,810
Philippines[note 1][498]	259,433
Qatar[note 1][499]	42,765
Romania[note 3][500]	16,978
Russia[note 1][501]	49,259
Samoa[note 1][416][502]	32,431
Serbia[note 1][note 2][503]	13,559
Seychelles[504]	1,661
Singapore[note 1][505]	1,081,987
Slovakia[note 3][note 2][506]	7,888
Slovenia[note 1][note 2][507]	34,205
Solomon Islands[note 1][508]	10,161
South Africa[509]	99,205
South Korea[note 1][510]	150,408
Sri Lanka[note 1][511]	81,281
Suriname[note 1][512]	453
Swaziland[note 3][513]	3,132
Taiwan[note 1][514]	107,157
Tanzania[note 3][515]	15,356
Tonga[note 1][416][516]	12,924
Thailand[note 1][517]	817,091
Timor-Leste[note 1][416][note 10][518]	15,186
Turkey[note 1][519]	77,153
Tuvalu[note 1][416][520]	320
Uganda[note 4][521]	7,842
Ukraine[note 1][522]	5,743
United Arab Emirates[note 1][523]	279,000
United Kingdom[note 1][524]	831,000
United States[note 1][note 11][525][526]	1,576,901
Vanuatu[note 1][416][527]	57,384
Vietnam[note 1][528]	370,438
Zambia[529]	12,363
Zimbabwe[530]	22,016

1. Data for 2017
2. Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
3. Data for 2016
4. Data for 2013
5. Data for 2011
6. Data for arrivals by air only.
7. Data for 2012
8. Data for 2014
9. Data for 2009
10. Data for arrivals by air only.
11. Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[531] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[532]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[533]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[534] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[535] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[536]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[537] and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[538][539] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[540]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[541] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[542]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[543] Lebanon,[544] Libya,[545] Sudan,[546] Syria,[547] and Yemen[548] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[549]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[550][551]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[552] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[553] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[554] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[555]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[556][557] Argentina,[558] Brunei, Cambodia,[559] China,[560] Ethiopia,[561] Ghana, Guinea,[562] India, Japan,[563][564] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[565] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[566] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[567] Singapore, South Korea,[568] Taiwan, Thailand,[569] Uganda[570] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[571] [572] [573] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[574]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[575] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[576][577]

See also

• Visa policy of Australia
• Australian passport

Notes

1. In this column, Australia's eVisitor and ETA systems are deemed to be reciprocal to U.S.'s ESTA system, Canada's eTA system and other countries' visa-free programs.
2. • Ahmedabad
   • Amritsar
   • Bagdogra
   • Bengaluru
   • Chandigarh
   • Chennai
   • Coimbatore
   • Delhi
   • Gaya
   • Goa
   • Guwahati
   • Hyderabad
   • Jaipur
   • Kochi
   • Kolkata
   • Kozhikode
   • Lucknow
   • Madurai
   • Mangaluru
   • Mumbai
   • Nagpur
   • Pune
   • Thiruvananthapuram
   • Tiruchirappalli
   • Varanasi
   • Visakhapatnam
3. • Cochin
   • Goa
   • Mangalore
4. • Vientiane
   • Savannakhet
   • Khammuan
   • Bokeo
5. • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
   • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
   • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
   • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
   • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
   • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
   • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
   • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
   • Boten - Bo han (China)
   • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
   • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
   • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
   • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

References

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2. Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
3. "Afghanistan". Smartraveller.gov.au.
4. Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
5. Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
6. Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
8. Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
9. Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
10. "Country information (visa section)". Timatic. International Air Transport Association (IATA) through Olympic Air. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
11. Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
12. Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
13. "Data". E-gov.am.
14. Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
15. "FACT SHEET Austrian-Australian Bilateral Agreement On Visa Free Short Stays" (PDF). Austrian Embassy in Canberra. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2020.
16. Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
17. "500 - Internal Server Error". evisa.gov.az.
18. Visa requirements for foreigners travelling to the Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas, 18 February 2014.
19. Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
20. Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
21. Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
22. Visa requirements for foreign nationals entering Barbados, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 3 June 2009.
23. Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
24. Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
25. Countries not requiring an entry visa, Department of Immigration and Nationality Services of Belize, September 2016.
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