Visa requirements for Colombian citizens
Visa requirements for Colombian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Colombia.
As of 01 February 2021, Colombian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 129 countries and territories ranking the Colombian passport 42nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Citizens of Colombia do not need a passport when travelling to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. For these countries, they may use just their national identification cards.[2][3]
Visa requirements map
Visa requirements
Visa requirements for holders of ordinary passports travelling for tourism purposes:
Colombia is an associated member of Mercosur. As such, its citizens enjoy unlimited access to any of the full members (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) and other associated members (Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru) with the right to residence and work, with no requirement other than nationality. Citizens of these eight countries (including Colombia) may apply for the grant of "temporary residence" for up to two years in another country of the bloc.[4][5] Then, they may apply for "permanent residence" just before the term of their "temporary residence" expires.[6][7] The case of Chile, although, is particular. The Chile's immigration policy does not include Colombian citizens in the agreement, thus Colombians need to hold a visa prior to travel if they want to reside and work in Chile.[8]
Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[9] | ||
Albania | Visa not required[10] | 90 days | |
Algeria | Visa required[11] | ||
Andorra | Visa not required[12] | 90 days | |
Angola | Visa required[13] | ||
Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required[14] | 90 days[15] | |
Argentina | Visa not required[16] | 90 days |
|
Armenia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[17] | 120 days | |
Australia | Visa required[18] |
| |
Austria | Visa not required[20] | 90 days |
|
Azerbaijan | eVisa[21] | 30 days[22] | |
Bahamas | Visa not required[23] | 3 months | |
Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival[24] | 14 days |
|
Bangladesh | Visa on arrival[26] | 30 days | |
Barbados | Visa not required[27] | 90 days | |
Belarus | Visa required[28] |
| |
Belgium | Visa not required[30] | 90 days |
|
Belize | Visa not required[31] | 90 days | |
Benin | eVisa / Visa on arrival[32][33] | 30 days / 8 days |
|
Bhutan | Visa required[34] | ||
Bolivia | Visa not required[35] | 90 days |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required[36] | 90 days | |
Botswana | Visa required[37] | ||
Brazil | Visa not required[38] | 90 days |
|
Brunei | Visa required[39] | ||
Bulgaria | Visa not required[40] | 90 days |
|
Burkina Faso | Visa on arrival[41] | ||
Burundi | Visa required[42] | ||
Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[43] | 30 days | |
Cameroon | Visa required[44] | ||
Canada | Visa required[45] |
| |
Cape Verde | Visa on arrival[46] | ||
Central African Republic | Visa required[47] | ||
Chad | Visa required[48] | ||
Chile | Visa not required[49] | 90 days |
|
China | Visa required[50] | ||
Comoros | Visa on arrival[51] | ||
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[52] | ||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Visa required[53] | ||
Costa Rica | Visa required[54] |
| |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[55] | 3 months |
|
Croatia | Visa not required[56] | 90 days |
|
Cuba | Tourist card required[57] |
| |
Cyprus | Visa not required[58] | 90 days |
|
Czech Republic | Visa not required[59] | 90 days |
|
Denmark | Visa not required[60] | 90 days |
|
Djibouti | eVisa[61] | 31 days | |
Dominica | Visa not required[62] | 21 days | |
Dominican Republic | Visa not required[63] | 30 days |
|
Ecuador | Visa not required[64] | 90 days |
|
Egypt | Visa on arrival[65] | 30 days | |
El Salvador | Visa not required[66] | 3 months | |
Equatorial Guinea | Visa required[67] | ||
Eritrea | Visa required[68] | ||
Estonia | Visa not required[69] | 90 days |
|
Eswatini | Visa required[70] | ||
Ethiopia | eVisa[71] | up to 90 days |
|
Fiji | Visa not required[72] | 4 months | |
Finland | Visa not required[73] | 90 days |
|
France | Visa not required[74] | 90 days |
|
Gabon | eVisa[75] |
| |
Gambia | Visa not required[76] |
| |
Georgia | Visa not required[78] | 1 year | |
Germany | Visa not required[79] | 90 days |
|
Ghana | Visa required[80] | ||
Greece | Visa not required[81] | 90 days |
|
Grenada | Visa required[82] |
| |
Guatemala | Visa not required[84] | 90 days | |
Guinea | eVisa[85] | 90 days | |
Guinea-Bissau | eVisa / Visa on arrival[86] | 90 days | |
Guyana | Visa not required[87] | 90 days[88] | |
Haiti | Visa required[89] |
| |
Honduras | Visa not required[90] | 3 months | |
Hungary | Visa not required[91] | 90 days |
|
Iceland | Visa not required[92] | 90 days |
|
India | e-Visa[93] | 60 days |
|
Indonesia | Visa not required[95] | 30 days | |
Iran | Visa required[96] | ||
Iraq | Visa required[97] | ||
Ireland | Visa required[98] | ||
Israel | Visa not required[99] | 3 months | |
Italy | Visa not required[100] | 90 days |
|
Jamaica | Visa not required[101] | 30 days | |
Japan | Visa required[102] | ||
Jordan | Visa required[103] | ||
Kazakhstan | Visa not required[104] | 30 days[105] | |
Kenya | eVisa / Visa on arrival[106] | 3 months | |
Kiribati | Visa required[107] | ||
North Korea | Visa required[108] | ||
South Korea | Visa not required[109] | 90 days | |
Kuwait | Visa required[110] | ||
Kyrgyzstan | eVisa[111] |
| |
Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival[113] | 30 days |
|
Latvia | Visa not required[116] | 90 days |
|
Lebanon | Visa required[117] | ||
Lesotho | eVisa[118][119] | ||
Liberia | Visa required[120] | ||
Libya | Visa required[121] | ||
Liechtenstein | Visa not required[122] | 90 days |
|
Lithuania | Visa not required[123] | 90 days |
|
Luxembourg | Visa not required[124] | 90 days |
|
Madagascar | eVisa / Visa on arrival[125] | 90 days | |
Malawi | Visa on arrival[126] | ||
Malaysia | Visa required[127] | ||
Maldives | Visa on arrival[128] | 30 days | |
Mali | Visa required[129] | ||
Malta | Visa not required[130] | 90 days |
|
Marshall Islands | Visa on arrival[131] | 90 days | |
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[132] |
| |
Mauritius | Visa on arrival[133] | ||
Mexico | Visa not required[134] | 180 days | |
Micronesia | Visa not required[135] | 30 days | |
Moldova | Visa not required[136] | 90 days |
|
Monaco | Visa not required[137] | 90 days | |
Mongolia | Visa required[138] |
| |
Montenegro | Visa not required[139] | 90 days | |
Morocco | Visa required[140] | ||
Mozambique | Visa on arrival[141] | 30 days | |
Myanmar | eVisa[142] | 28 days | |
Namibia | Visa required[143] | ||
Nauru | Visa required[144] | ||
Nepal | Visa on arrival[145] | 90 days | |
Netherlands | Visa not required[146] | 90 days |
|
New Zealand | Visa required[147] |
| |
Nicaragua | Visa on arrival[150] | 90 days | |
Niger | Visa required[151] | ||
Nigeria | Visa required[152] | ||
North Macedonia | Visa not required[153] | 90 days | |
Norway | Visa not required[154] | 90 days |
|
Oman | eVisa[155] | 30 days | |
Pakistan | Online Visa[156] | ||
Palau | Visa on arrival[159] | 30 days | |
Panama | Visa not required[160] | 90 days | |
Papua New Guinea | Visa required[161] | ||
Paraguay | Visa not required[162] | 90 days |
|
Peru | Visa not required[163] | 183 days |
|
Philippines | Visa not required[164] | 30 days | |
Poland | Visa not required[165] | 90 days |
|
Portugal | Visa not required[166] | 90 days |
|
Qatar | Visa not required[167] | 30 days | |
Romania | Visa not required[168] | 90 days |
|
Russia | Visa not required[169] | 90 days |
|
Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[170] | 30 days | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required[171] | 3 months | |
Saint Lucia | Visa required[172] | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required[173] | 1 month | |
Samoa | Entry Permit on arrival[174] | 60 days | |
San Marino | Visa not required[175] | 90 days | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa[176] | ||
Saudi Arabia | Visa required[177] | ||
Senegal | Visa on arrival[178] | ||
Serbia | Visa not required[179] | 30 days |
|
Seychelles | Visitor's Permit on arrival[180] | 3 months | |
Sierra Leone | Visa required[181] | ||
Singapore | Visa not required[182] | 30 days | |
Slovakia | Visa not required[183] | 90 days |
|
Slovenia | Visa not required[184] | 90 days |
|
Solomon Islands | Visa required[185] | ||
Somalia | Visa on arrival[186] | 30 days |
|
South Africa | Visa required[187] | ||
South Sudan | Electronic Visa[188] | ||
Spain | Visa not required[190] | 90 days |
|
Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival[191] | 30 days | |
Sudan | Visa required[192] | ||
Suriname | E-tourist card[193] | 90 days |
|
Sweden | Visa not required[195] | 90 days |
|
Switzerland | Visa not required[196] | 90 days |
|
Syria | Visa required[197] | ||
Tajikistan | eVisa[198][199] | 45 days | |
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[200][201] | 3 months | |
Thailand | Visa required[202] | ||
Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival[203] | 30 days | |
Togo | Visa on arrival[204] | 7 days | |
Tonga | Visa required[205] | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa not required[206] | 90 days | |
Tunisia | Visa required[207] | ||
Turkey | Visa not required[208] | 90 days | |
Turkmenistan | Visa required[209] | ||
Tuvalu | Visa on arrival[210] | 1 month | |
Uganda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[211] |
| |
Ukraine | Visa not required[213] | 90 days | |
United Arab Emirates | Visa not required[214][215] | 90 days | |
United Kingdom | Visa required[216] |
| |
United States | Visa required[218] | ||
Uruguay | Visa not required[219] | 90 days |
|
Uzbekistan | eVisa[220] | 30 days | |
Vanuatu | Visa required[221] | ||
Vatican City | Visa not required[222] | 90 days | |
Venezuela | Visa not required[223] | 90 days | |
Vietnam | eVisa[224] | 30 days[225] | |
Yemen | Visa required[226] | ||
Zambia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[227] | 90 days | |
Zimbabwe | eVisa[228] | 90 days |
Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Countries | Conditions of access |
---|---|
Abkhazia | Visa required[229] |
Artsakh | Visa required[230] |
Kosovo | Visa not required[231] |
Northern Cyprus | Visa not required[232] |
Palestine | Visa not required[233] |
Somaliland | Visa required[234] |
South Ossetia | Visa not required[235] |
Taiwan | Visa Required/ eVisa [236] |
Transnistria | Visa not required[237] |
Dependent and autonomous territories
Countries | Conditions of access | Notes |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | ||
Anguilla | Visa required[238] | |
Bermuda | Visa required | |
British Virgin Islands | Visa required[239] | |
Cayman Islands | Visa required[240] | Visa not required if holding a Green Card from the U.S. Or a Permanent resident Card from Canada and you arrive directly from that country; and you produce on arrival a return or round trip ticket to the United States or Canada. |
Falkland Islands | Visa required[241] | |
Gibraltar | Visa not required | Gibraltar joined the Schengen area on 01.01.2021 following Brexit.[242] |
Guernsey | Visa required[243] | |
Isle of Man | Visa required[244] | |
Jersey | Visa required[245] | |
Montserrat | Visa required[246] | |
Saint Helena | eVisa[247] | |
China | ||
Hong Kong | Visa not required | 90 days[248] |
Macau | Visa on arrival | 30 days[249] |
Denmark | ||
Faroe Islands | Visa not required[250] | |
Greenland | Visa not required[251] | |
Netherlands | ||
Aruba | Visa not required[252] | 90 days |
Caribbean Netherlands | Visa not required[253] | 90 days (includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) |
Curaçao | Visa not required[254] | 90 days |
Sint Maarten | Visa not required[254] | 90 days |
France | ||
French Guiana | Visa not required [255] | 90 days |
French Polynesia | Visa not required[256] | 90 days |
French West Indies | Visa not required [255] | 90 days includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique |
Visa required [255] | ||
Mayotte | Visa not required [255] | 90 days |
New Caledonia | Visa not required [256] | 90 days |
Réunion | Visa not required[255] | 90 days |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required[255] | 90 days |
Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required [255] | 90 days |
New Zealand | ||
Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days[257] |
Niue | Visa not required | 30 days[258] |
Tokelau | Visa required[259] | |
United States | ||
American Samoa | Visa required[260] | |
Guam | Visa required[261] | |
Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required[262] | |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required[263] | |
Puerto Rico | Visa required[264] | |
Non-visa restrictions
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[265] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.
Vaccination
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[266]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[267]
Passport validity length
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[268] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[269] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[270]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[271] and South Africa.
Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[272][273] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[274]
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[275] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[276]
Israeli stamps
Kuwait,[277] Lebanon,[278] Libya,[279] Sudan,[280] Syria,[281] and Yemen[282] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.
The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[283]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Armenian ethnicity
Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[284][285]
Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[286] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[287] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[288] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.
Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.
Biometrics
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[289]
Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[290][291] Argentina,[292] Brunei, Cambodia,[293] China,[294] Ethiopia,[295] Ghana, Guinea,[296] India, Japan,[297][298] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[299] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[300] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[301] Singapore, South Korea,[302] Taiwan, Thailand,[303] Uganda[304] and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[305] [306] [307] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[308]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[309] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[310][311]
References and Notes
- References
- "The Henley Passport Index". Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2020 Henley Passport Index. As the index uses dense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
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- Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
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- Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- eVisa Madagascar
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- Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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- Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
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Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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- Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- Sultanate of Oman - Royal Oman Police - eVisa
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- Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
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- Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
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- Who can apply for E-Visa?
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- Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
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(help) - Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID’s expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently “strict requirements for travellers” in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China’s ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC’s 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the “what if” stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
- Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
- Campoy, Ana. "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- Notes
-
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammuan
- Bokeo
-
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)