Dollar Bank

Dollar Bank is a full-service regional bank serving both individuals and business customers, operating more than 70 offices[5][6] throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia. The bank's Pennsylvania headquarters is located in downtown Pittsburgh, Ohio headquarters is located in downtown Cleveland, and Virginia headquarters is located in Hampton Roads.

Dollar Bank
TypeMutual Society
IndustryFinancial services
Founded1855
HeadquartersPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Key people
James J. McQuade, President and CEO[1]
Total assets$9 billion (2020)[2]
Number of employees
1,400
Websitewww.dollar.bank
Dollar Savings Bank
Dollar Bank Fourth Avenue Building
LocationThree Gateway Center, 401 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Area0.3 acres (0.12 ha)
ArchitectIsaac H. Hobbs & Sons
Architectural styleBeaux Arts
NRHP reference No.76001594[3]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJuly 14, 1976
Designated PHLF1970[4]

History

Founding

Charles A. Colton (1807-1881), a Hartford, Connecticut native, moved to Pittsburgh with his family in 1850 to sell insurance. Mills, factories, coal mines and other industries in the fast-growing Pittsburgh region were drawing thousands of people annually, Americans and immigrants alike, in search of work. Colton recognized the need for a mutual bank to serve the interests of the working class.[7]

On July 19, 1855, Dollar Bank opened for business as "The Pittsburgh Dollar Savings Institution".[7] For $1, anyone could open a savings account. The first day's deposits totaled $53, which included two dollars from Charles Colton's 10-year-old son.[7] Colton was the only salaried employee for the first three-and-a-half years of the institution's existence. In 1858, "The Pittsburgh Dollar Savings Institution".[7] changed its name to Dollar Savings Bank.

A survey by The Daily Post in November 1880 revealed that the trade of iron worker was the most common occupation among depositors who opened accounts that year. Artisans (stonemasons, plasterers, millwrights and other skilled trades) were the second most common by occupation, followed by porters, waiters, clerks, salesmen, bookkeepers, farmers and coal miners. Women comprised 45% of Dollar Bank's savings account holders.

At the time of Colton's death in 1881, Dollar Savings Bank had more depositors and more money on deposit ($6.5 million) than any of the other 17 banks in the city. Colton had personally handled the opening of more than 10,000 savings accounts of the 65,000+ accounts in total that Dollar Savings Bank had recorded in its ledgers over the first 26 years.[7]

Mutual Bank Structure

Dollar Bank is one of the few U.S. banks that has a mutual structure: It is owned by its depositor base customers, not by outside shareholders. Mutual savings banks in the United States date back to 1816. Originally these institutions were organized to help the working classes because most commercial bankers at the time primarily served retail and commercial business.[2]

With no public shareholders to answer to, the bank is not fixated on stock price but on customer service. Such a structure lends itself to a more conservative business model so that the bank never participated, for instance, in the subprime lending that was so destructive to other banks during the 2008 financial crisis. Though rare in the banking industry, mutual structures are common in the insurance world and even in the investment world. The Vanguard Group of mutual funds is probably the most famous mutually-structured financial institution.

On December 3, 2018, the bank completed its reorganization from a mutual savings bank to a mutual holding company.[8]

A mutual holding company results from the conversion of a mutual institution into a parent company of a subsidiary stock company. As a result of the conversion—referred to as mutual-to-stock conversion—the parent company owns a portion of the subsidiary stock company, and the subsidiary receives all of the assets and liabilities of the original mutual company. For owners of the original mutual company—members who before the conversion retained ownership and sometimes governance of the mutual—it means the termination of the prior-held mutual rights in exchange for the option to ownership in stock form.[9]

As part of the conversion, the mutual holding company may undergo an initial public offering (IPO) where members of the original mutual company are given an opportunity to purchase shares of the new mutual holding company, but Dollar Bank CEO Jim McQuade says that this is not Dollar's intention.[8] From this point forward, Dollar Bank operates under a mutual holding company structure with Dollar Mutual Bancorp (a mutual entity without shareholders) owning 100% of the common stock of Dollar Bank, Federal Savings Bank.

African American Customers

From Dollar Bank's founding in July 1855, the bank made no restrictions on who could open a savings account. African Americans were among its earliest customers.

First Savings Account

Born in Richmond, Virginia in 1812, Alfred A. Gibson became Dollar Bank's first African American depositor when he opened his savings account on November 13, 1855. He listed his occupation as a porter on a boat. In 1860, Gibson opened a second savings account at Dollar Bank. By that time, he was a porter at the Monongahela House, one of the most celebrated hotels in Pittsburgh. He was one of thirty founding members of the Colored United Brethren of Mutual Relief, a mutual aid society founded in 1843 in the Hill District. His wife, Maria Gibson, and son Alfred A. Gibson, Jr., also had savings accounts with Dollar Bank.

First Mortgage

Dollar Bank's first mortgage to an African American was issued in February 1860 to John L. Woodson, a barber. oldest son of Lewis and Caroline Woodson. John L. Woodson paid off his $850 mortgage in 1863. He and his wife, Julia Brannon Woodson, raised their three children in their home on Pittsburgh's South Side.

Civil War Growth

Nearly 200,000 African American men fought in the Civil War. Soldiers such as Clayton Ragan, Vachel Catlin, William Temple and William Chatman became early customers of Dollar Bank .

Slaves in the battle-torn Virginia region took liberation into their own hands by fleeing towards the lines of Union troops and Northern states. The migration swelled the African American population in cities like Pittsburgh, which was already growing with industrial expansion and workers seeking jobs. Between 1855 and the early 1900s, about 40% of Dollar Bank's African American customers were born in Virginia.

Famous Notable Customers

Founders of iconic Pittsburgh department stores were among Dollar Bank's depositors in the late 1800s. Joseph Horne opened a savings account in 1862 in trust for his son, Durbin. Brothers Morris and Jacob Kaufmann, German immigrants who were making a name in Pittsburgh retail, became depositors in 1888 and 1890, respectively. Walter Rosenbaum, whose father Max founded The Rosenbaum Company store, which for decades anchored a corner of the intersection at Market Street and Liberty Avenue, opened an account with Dollar Bank in 1894.

Artist George Hetzel, founder of the Scalp Level School of painting, is famous for his landscapes showcasing the natural beauty of Southwestern Pennsylvania. In February 1866, he opened a savings account at Dollar Bank. Author, publisher, abolitionist and women's rights advocate Jane Grey Swisshelm opened a savings account at Dollar Bank in 1876. The Pittsburgh neighborhood of Swisshelm Park is named in her honor. In March 1888, John Paul Golden, M.D., became the first African American graduate with a medical degree from Western Pennsylvania Medical College, forerunner of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. One month later, Dr. Golden became a Dollar Bank depositor.

Composer and conductor Victor Herbert made his home in Pittsburgh for six years, 1898 through 1904, when he was conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony. His home in Shadyside became a gathering place for world-famous musical talent. Herbert opened a savings account at Dollar Bank in 1900.

Abolitionist, preacher, and Underground Railroad activist Lewis Woodson and his wife Caroline Woodson became Dollar Bank depositors in 1857 and 1860. They were the patriarch and matriarch of one of the notable African American families in early Pittsburgh. At least twelve Woodson family members opened savings accounts at Dollar Bank by the early 1900s.

First Office

The Dollar Savings Bank's Fourth Avenue Building was opened in April 1871[7] and is still in operation today. The architect was Isaac H. Hobbs & Sons of Philadelphia. The building was constructed using 14,000 tons of brownstone, quarried in Portland, Connecticut.

When the Hobbs building was constructed, two stone lions were carved on site beside the stairs leading to the entrance of the Fourth Avenue Building, as symbols of guardianship of the people's money.[7] The stately lions guarding the entrance were sculpted by 28-year-old German immigrant Max Kohler,[7] and his 25-year-old assistant, Welsh immigrant Richard C. Morgan. Each lion was carved from a single block of quarry-bedded brownstone. A project to restore the original Kohler lions began in September 2009. A new pair of lions, exact replicas of the originals, were created by Master Carver Nicholas Fairplay and his assistant, Brian C.E. Baker. The original lions were returned to the Fourth Avenue building in February 2012 and placed inside the main banking hall, while the new lions were installed on the plinths outside in May 2013.[10]

The Board Room was added to The Dollar Savings Bank's Fourth Avenue Building in 1896 at a cost of $37,981.[7]

Today, the Dollar Bank Heritage Center in the Fourth Avenue Building contains displays of vintage banking machines, Dollar Bank advertising through the decades, oil portraits and photographs of the Bank's officers and Trustees, and hand-written ledgers featuring the original signatures of some of the Dollar Bank's early depositors.[11]

  • Fourth Avenue Building Sketch
  • Fourth Avenue Building - Exterior
  • Fourth Avenue Building - Board Room

The Great Depression

During the 1930s, the main lobby was redecorated.[7] Lighting fixtures were replaced with a new brass chandelier and sconces which remain in place today. The extensive security cage over the teller counter was reduced by removing a substantial portion of the wrought iron. Pittsburgh was not immune to the bank failures that plagued the nation during the Great Depression. Pittsburgh-based financial institutions that closed in 1931 and 1932 included Exchange National Bank, Monongahela National Bank, Diamond National Bank and Duquesne National Bank. Perhaps the most shocking failure was that of Bank of Pittsburgh, N.A., which closed its doors in September 1931. Dollar Savings Bank, however, grew deposits from $44 million in 1930 to $56 million in 1940.

After the St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, Dollar Savings Bank hired local contractor W.F. Trimble & Sons to install a new vault that was both fireproof and flood-proof. Designed by Philadelphia-based vault engineers The Hollar Company, the vault was installed in November 1937.

World War II and 1950s

Dollar Savings Bank applied for FDIC membership in November 1943.

By June 1950, Dollar Savings Bank had more than 63,000 depositors and assets of $101.6 million, the first time in the bank's history that assets exceeded $100 million.

Dollar Savings Bank celebrated its 100th anniversary in July 1955.

  • Fourth Avenue Building - Main Lobby
  • Fourth Avenue Building - Main Lobby
  • Fourth Avenue Office Vault

Expansion
Current Dollar Bank branch footprint in western Pennsylvania and northeast Ohio.

Dollar Savings Bank bought the six-story Boyd Building at 303-309 Smithfield Street in February 1950.[7] The bank built a new, additional entrance on Smithfield and used the second floor for offices. The rest of the building was leased to the Pittsburgh chapter of the American Red Cross.[7]

In 1956, Dollar Savings Bank purchased the DeRoy Building and converted the first floor for bank use, expanding the Fourth Avenue Building footprint. This building was demolished in 1970 and the space became a pedestrian plaza.

In the 1960s, Fourth Avenue Building's cupola skylights were filled in, the interior was repainted and the teller counter was altered to make it one level surface.[7]

Dollar Savings Bank opened its first branch office on June 29, 1961, in the Oliver Building. The Squirrel Hill branch office was opened in 1963; it was Dollar Bank's first location outside of downtown. Over the next 15 years, Dollar Bank expanded to 21 locations in four counties.


  • Smithfield Expansion - Boyd Building
  • Fourth Avenue Building - Main Lobby Redecorated

Early technology

The rapid expansion of branch banking was made possible by Dollar Savings Bank's installation of the NCR 315, a real-time online teller accounting system, in November 1964. Capable of processing 12,000 savings transactions an hour, the NCR 315 transmitted data in real time over leased phone lines. Dollar Savings Bank customers could complete any normal transaction at any window, in any Dollar Savings Bank office, instead of being tied to a particular location for their bank business. Dollar Savings Bank was the first bank in Pennsylvania and among the first ten in the nation to use an online teller accounting system.

On April 1, 1975, Dollar Savings Bank launched Pay-By-Phone, a fully automated bill payment service for savings account customers. The system was the first of its kind in Pennsylvania and second in the United States.[7]

Dollar Savings Bank's Fourth Avenue Office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1976.[7][12]

In December 1976, Dollar Savings Bank announced that its assets had reached $1 billion, representing a 17.9 percent growth over just one year before. This was the largest single year of growth in the history of the bank. The bank's net earnings increased more than 200 percent in the previous fiscal year.[13]

Dollar Savings Bank installed its first automated teller machine (ATM) in 1977[7] and in 1978 free retail checking accounts, called "NOW accounts", were offered for the first time.[7] In July 1981, Dollar Savings Bank began to offer accounts and services tailored to the needs of businesses.[7]

Market expansion

On September 20, 1984, The Dollar Savings Bank acquired Continental Federal Savings and Loan Bank and offered banking services to the Cleveland, Ohio, area.[7] In a deal brokered by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, The Dollar Savings Bank acquired the troubled Cleveland-based thrift and within two years, a combination of government guarantees against losses and new investment returned Continental to profitability. That same year, Continental's name was changed to Dollar Bank and The Dollar Savings Bank was renamed to "Dollar Bank".[7] Dollar Bank began offering term loans, lines of credit and Credit cards in 1986.[7]

The first Dollar Bank Loan Center was opened in Murrysville, Pennsylvania, on January 18, 1994.[7] Dollar Bank's "Win-Win Home Equity Adjustable Rate Loan" was launched as the first loan of its kind in March 1994.[7] Dollar Bank became the 16th bank in the country to offer online banking via the Internet in March 1997.[7] Dollar Bank initiates the Freedom ATM Alliance surcharge free network, a group of 29 banks that joined together on January 4, 1999.[7] The goal of the Alliance is to provide surcharge-free ATM alternatives to customers. Banks entering the Alliance agree not to surcharge the customers of any other Alliance member at their ATMs.

National recognition

On April 6, 1998, the Dollar Bank online banking service was inducted into the 1998 Computerworld Smithsonian Innovation Collection.[7]

Product development

In January 2005, the Dollar Bank CD Ladder was launched as the first CD of its kind.[7] Laddering is based upon the premise of not putting all money in a single CD. By dividing money between CD terms ranging from short to long, CDs with a range of yields that reflect market expectations for the future direction of interest rates are purchased.

Dollar Bank was the first to offer text messaging on June 19, 2007,[7] and mobile online banking was introduced on June 5, 2008.[7]

On March 11, 2009, Dollar Bank introduced reverse mortgages to provide financial help to seniors.[7]

Recent developments

In July 2012, Dollar Bank was the first financial institution in the region to release video personal teller machines. This allows customers to speak to a live teller during non-traditional banking hours.

Dollar Bank opened a new Ohio headquarters at The Galleria at Erieview in Cleveland, Ohio, on July 28, 2008.[7] The new two-story, glass-enclosed structure at East Ninth and St. Clair measures 21,000 sq ft (2,000 m2).[7] The new space houses a branch office, a Private Banking Center and a training facility on the first floor, with retail operational support on the second.[7] Opened in early August, the new facility anchors the Galleria and revitalized one of Cleveland's most prominent urban centers.[7]

On November 1, 2015, James J. McQuade was appointed as the bank's new President. Mr. Oeler remained the CEO until his retirement on May 31, 2016, at which point Mr. McQuade become President and CEO. Mr. McQuade has 27 years of banking experience, 20 of them with Dollar Bank. He previously served as the bank's Executive Vice President of Retail Banking.[5][14]

On June 28, 2016, Dollar Bank announced that they had agreed to merge with Virginia-based Bank @lantec. Both institutions are mutual banks. Dollar Bank will retain all Bank @lantec employees and will continue to operate all four Virginia bank offices. Dollar Bank's asset size will grow to over $7.5 billion.[15]

On October 5, 2016, Dollar Bank announced that it had agreed to merge with Pennsylvania-based Progressive-Home Federal Savings and Loan. Both institutions are mutual banks. Dollar Bank will retain all Progressive-Home Federal Savings and Loan employees and will continue to operate the two branch offices in Allentown and Dormont. Following the merger, Dollar Bank's asset size will grow to over $7.6 billion.[16]

On July 20, 2020, Dollar Bank announced that it became the official retail bank of the Cleveland Indians.[17]

Operations

During the first half of the 2019 fiscal year, Dollar Bank showed continued strength and growth as a full-service financial institution meeting the banking needs of the community for more than 160 years. Dollar Bank's core capital amounted to $1.04 billion, or 12.13% of its average total assets.[18]

Business banking

Dollar Bank serves the needs of small businesses, large companies and corporations with a combination of financial tools and personal service. The bank provides a variety of traditional loans, commercial and investment real estate loans, lines of credit and credit cards. Their new Business Express Loan offers a simple online application and instant decision. Dollar Bank's deposit accounts, cash management and online services helps businesses manage cash flow with greater efficiency, control and confidence.

Subsidiaries

Dollar Bank has several subsidiary businesses, including:

  • Dollar Bank Servicing Center services loans and mortgages
  • Dollar Bank Insurance Agency, Inc., provides term life insurance products
  • Dollar Bank Settlement Service, Inc., provides title related services to Dollar Bank's customers for real estate transactions, both commercial and residential

Notable buildings

Pittsburgh

Dollar Bank's official headquarters is currently at Three Gateway Center, 401 Liberty Avenue in Downtown Pittsburgh.[19][20] Its old headquarters building at 340 Fourth Avenue in Pittsburgh is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3]

References
  1. Dollar Bank: Robert P. Oeler Retires After 43 Years with Dollar Bank May 25, 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  2. FDIC.gov: Mutual Institutions - 2016 (PDF) 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  3. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  4. Historic Landmark Plaques 1968-2009 (PDF). Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  5. Trib Live: Dollar Bank CEO Oeler sets retirement date May 25, 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  6. "Robert P. Oeler Retires After 43 Years with Dollar Bank".
  7. dollar.bank: About / Historical Timeline
  8. "Dollar Bank Completes Holding Company Reorganization".
  9. "Difference Between Mutual Savings Bank and Mutual Holding Company".
  10. "Dollar Bank Lions On Display After Restoration".
  11. Dollar Bank: Dollar Bank Heritage Center. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  12. "Register of Historic Places".
  13. "Dollar Bank Earnings 1976". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 16, 1977. p. 37.
  14. Trib Live: James McQuade to succeed Robert Oeler as Dollar Bank president October 15, 2015. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  15. Pittsburgh Business Times: June 28, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  16. Tascarella, Patty (October 5, 2016). "Dollar Bank merging with Progressive-Home Federal Savings". Pittsburgh Business Times. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
  17. "Dollar Bank named official retail bank of the Cleveland Indians". MLB.com. July 20, 2020.
  18. Dollar Bank: 2016 Semi-Annual Statement of Condition (PDF) May 31, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  19. LinkedIn. Found: January 4, 2010.
  20. Hoovers, a D&B company. Found: January 4, 2010.
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