Kde domov můj

Kde domov můj (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj]; English: "Where my home is") is the national anthem of the Czech Republic, written by the composer František Škroup and the playwright Josef Kajetán Tyl.[1]

Kde domov můj
English: Where My Home Is
Kde domov můj (Where my home is)
National anthem of the
Czech Republic
Former co-national anthem of  Czechoslovakia
LyricsJosef Kajetán Tyl, 1834
MusicFrantišek Škroup, 1834
Adopted1918, 1990
Audio sample
Kde domov můj (instrumental)
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The piece was written as a part of the incidental music to the comedy Fidlovačka aneb Žádný hněv a žádná rvačka (Fidlovačka, or No Anger and No Brawl). It was first performed by Karel Strakatý at the Estates Theater in Prague on 21 December 1834. The original song consists of two verses (see below). Although J. K. Tyl is said to have considered leaving the song out of the play, not convinced of its quality, it soon became very popular among Czechs and was accepted as an informal anthem of a nation seeking to revive its identity within the Habsburg Monarchy.

Soon after Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918, the first verse of the song became the Czech part of the national anthem, followed by the first verse of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blýska. The songs reflected the two nations' concerns in the 19th century[2] when they were confronted with the already fervent national-ethnic activism of the Germans and the Hungarians, their fellow ethnic groups in the Habsburg Monarchy. Because of the linguistic and ethnic diversity of the First Republic, official translations were made into Hungarian and German as well.[3]

With the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czechoslovak anthem was divided as well. While Slovakia extended its anthem by adding a second verse, the Czech Republic's national anthem was adopted unextended, in its single-verse version.[1]

In 1882, Antonín Dvořák used Kde domov můj in his incidental music to the František Ferdinand Šamberk play Josef Kajetán Tyl, Op. 62, B. 125. The overture is often played separately as a concert work entitled Domov můj (My Home).

Original lyrics (from Fidlovačka, 1834)

Czech original and English translation
Czech IPA transcription English translation
First stanza

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách,
v sadě skví se jara květ,
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to je ta krásná země,
země česká domov můj,
země česká domov můj!

[ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈvoda ˈɦut͡ʃiː po ˈlut͡ʃɪnaːx]
[ˈborɪ ˈʃumiː po ˈskalɪnaːx]
[ˈf saɟɛ ˈskviː sɛ ˈjara kvjɛt]
[ˈzɛmskiː raːj to na ˈpoɦlɛt]
[a to jɛ ta ˈkraːsnaː ˈzɛmɲɛ]
[ˈzɛmɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈzɛmɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈdomof muːj]

Where my home is, where my homeland is,
Water roars across the meadows,
Pinewoods rustle among crags,
The garden is glorious with spring blossom,
Paradise on earth it is to see.
And this is that beautiful land,
The Czech land, my home,
The Czech land, my home!

Second stanza

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
v kraji znáš-li bohumilém
duše útlé v těle čilém,
mysl jasnou, vznik a zdar
a tu sílu vzdoru zmar,
to je Čechů slavné plémě
mezi Čechy domov můj!
mezi Čechy domov můj!

[ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈf krajɪ ˈznaːʃlɪ ˈboɦumɪlɛːm]
[ˈduʃɛ ˈuːtlɛː ˈf cɛlɛ t͡ʃɪlɛːm]
[ˈmɪsl̩ ˈjasnou̯ | ˈvznɪk a zdar]
[a tu ˈsiːlu ˈvzdoru zmar]
[to jɛ ˈt͡ʃɛxuː ˈslavnɛː ˈplɛːmɲɛ]
[ˈmɛzɪ ˈt͡ʃɛxɪ ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈmɛzɪ ˈt͡ʃɛxɪ ˈdomof muːj]

Where my home is, where my home is,
If, in the heavenly land, you have met
Slender souls in spry bodies,
Of clear mind, vigorous and prospering,
And with a strength that frustrates all defiance,
That is the glorious nation of Czechs
Among the Czechs (is) my home!
Among the Czechs, my home!

National Anthem of Czechoslovakia 1918–1992
Coat of arms of the
Czechoslovak Republic

The first stanza, along with that of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blýska which is nowadays the national anthem of Slovakia, became from 1918 to 1992 the national anthem of Czechoslovakia.

Czech and Slovak anthem with English translation
Czech and Slovak IPA transcription English translation
Stanza 1 (Kde domov můj)

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách,
v sadě skví se jara květ,
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to je ta krásná země,
země česká domov můj,
země česká domov můj!

[ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈvoda ˈɦut͡ʃiː po ˈlut͡ʃɪnaːx]
[ˈborɪ ˈʃumiː po ˈskalɪnaːx]
[ˈf saɟɛ ˈskviː sɛ ˈjara kvjɛt]
[ˈzɛmskiː raːj to na ˈpoɦlɛt]
[ˈa to jɛ ta ˈkraːsnaː ˈzɛmɲɛ]
[ˈzɛmɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈdomof muːj]
[ˈzɛmɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈdomof muːj]

Where my home is, where my home is,
Water roars across the meadows,
Pinewoods rustle among crags,
The garden is glorious with spring blossom,
Paradise on earth it is to see.
And this is that beautiful land,
The Czech land, my home,
The Czech land, my home!

Stanza 2 (Nad Tatrou sa blýska)

Nad Tatrou sa blýska, hromy divo bijú
Nad Tatrou sa blýska, hromy divo bijú
Zastavme ich, bratia, veď sa ony stratia,
Slováci ožijú.
Zastavme ich, bratia, veď sa ony stratia,
Slováci ožijú.

[ˈnat tatrɔʊ̯ sa ˈbliːska | ˈɦrɔmi ˈdiʋɔ ˈbijuː]
[ˈnat tatrɔʊ̯ sa ˈbliːska | ˈɦrɔmi ˈdiʋɔ ˈbijuː]
[ˈzastaʊ̯ mɛ ˈix | ˈbracɪ̯a | ˈʋɛc sa ˈɔni ˈstracɪ̯a]
[ˈslɔʋaːt͡si ˈɔʒijuː]
[ˈzastaʊ̯ mɛ ˈix | ˈbracɪ̯a | ˈʋɛc sa ˈɔni ˈstracɪ̯a]
[ˈslɔʋaːt͡si ˈɔʒijuː]

There is lightning over the Tatras, thunders wildly beat,
There is lightning over the Tatras, thunders wildly beat.
Let's stop them, brethren, after all they'll disappear,
the Slovaks will revive.
Let's stop them, brethren, after all they'll disappear,
the Slovaks will revive.

Official lyrics (adapted version)

Czech lyrics and English translations
Czech Original Official Translation Poetic Translation (Unofficial)

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
Voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách,
v sadě skví se jara květ,
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to je ta krásná země,
země česká domov můj,
země česká domov můj!

Where my home is, where my home is,
Water roars across the meadows,
Pinewoods rustle among rocks,
The orchard is glorious with spring blossom,
Paradise on earth it is to see.
And this is that beautiful land,
The Czech land, my home,
The Czech land, my home!

Where is my home, where is my home,
Streams are rushing through the meadows,
Midst the rocks sigh fragrant pine groves,
Orchards decked in spring's array,
Scenes of Paradise portray.
And this land of wondrous beauty,
Is the Czech land, home of mine,
Is the Czech land, home of mine!

(Lyrics according to Appendix 6 of Czech Act No. 3/1993 Coll., as adapted by Act No. 154/1998 Coll.)

German translation (used 1918–1938 and 1939–1945)
Wo ist mein Heim, mein Vaterland,
Wo durch Wiesen Bäche brausen,
Wo auf Felsen Wälder sausen,
Wo ein Eden uns entzückt,
Wenn der Lenz die Fluren schmückt:
Dieses Land, so schön vor allen,
Böhmen ist mein Heimatland.
Böhmen ist mein Heimatland.

Poetic English translation

This version was translated by famous Czech poet and Americanophile Josef Václav Sládek (1845-1912):[4]

Where is my home, where is my home?
Over leas are waters streaming,
On the hills blue forests dreaming,
Flowery wolds Spring‘s happy skies,
Like as earthly Paradise:
There‘s the land so full of beauty,
Czechia, my fatherland!
Where is my home, where is my home?
Where God self to man had spoken:
Gentle be, but never broken,
Ever cheerful, hopeful, strong,
Bravely thwarting any wrong:
There‘s the land of manly honor,
Czechia, my fatherland!

Hungarian translation (used 1920–1938)
Hol van honom, hol a hazám,
Hol patak zúg a hegyháton,
Csörgedez a rónaságon.
Üde virág a kertben,
Mint egy földi édenben.
Ez az istenáldotta föld,
Cseh föld a hazám,
Cseh föld a hazám.

References
  1. "Ročník 1993 – Sbírka Zákonů České Republiky – Částka 2 – Rozeslána dne 29. prosince 1992: 3. Zákon České národní rady o státních symbolech České republiky, § 7: Státní hymna" [1993 – Collection of Laws of the Czech Republic – Section 2 – Dispatched on 29 December 1992: 3. Czech National Council Act on State Symbols of the Czech Republic, Article 7: State anthem] (PDF) (in Czech). Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2011. (1) Státní hymnu tvoří první sloka písně Františka Škroupa na slova Josefa Kajetána Tyla "Kde domov můj". (2) Text a notový záznam státní hymny jsou přílohou 6 tohoto zákona. [TRANS] (1) The state anthem is the first verse of the song by František Škroup with the words of Josef Kajetán Tyl "Where my home is". (2) The text and the notes of the national anthem are annex 6 of this Act.
  2. Auer, Stefan (2004). Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-37860-9.
  3. Gössel, Gabriel; et al. (2008). Kde domov můj: státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby [The Czech Republic's national anthem down the ages]. Government of the Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-87041-42-0.
  4. J. V. Šmejkal: Píseň písní národu českého, Praha: A. Neubert, 1935, p. 249-250.
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