List of automated train systems
The list of automated train systems is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.
Singapore has the longest automated metro system in the world with all of its Mass Rapid Transit lines having 4th grade automation (GoA4). It has had automated lines since 2003 and currently has 199 km (124 mi) of automated lines with an additional 43 km (27 mi) by 2024 with the completion of the new Thomson-East Coast line.
Kuala Lumpur's Rapid KL network has the world's 2nd longest automated metro length, consisting of the Kelana Jaya and Kajang Lines totalling 97.4 km (60.5 mi) of automated length.
This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems.
History of metro train automation
The first line to be operated with Automatic Train Operation (ATO) was London Underground's Victoria line, which opened in 1967, although a driver is present in the cabin. Many lines now operate using an ATO system, with the aim of improving the frequency of service. Since then, ATO technology has been developed to enable trains to operate even without a driver in a cab: either with an attendant roaming within the train, or with no staff on board. The first fully automated driverless mass-transit rail network is the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The second in the world (and the first such driverless system in Europe) is the Lille Metro in northern France.
Degrees of automation
The list is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1.[1] These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.[2]
Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain has been in operation since 1985; it is fully automated on all lines and is the 3rd longest automated metro system in the world with 79.6 km (49.5 mi) of automated tracks.
The Rio Tinto Mining Company in Western Australia runs the world's largest network of driverless trains, with 1,700 km (1,100 mi) of freight railways run by an increasing number of completely unattended trains.
Grade-of-Automation 4 (GoA4)
Barcelona Metro line 9 without train driver (GoA4)
In this system, trains are capable of operating automatically at all times, including door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations. On-board staff may be provided for other purposes, e.g. customer service, but are not required for safe operation. Controls are often provided to drive the train manually in the event of a computer failure.
Examples include the Paris Metro Line 14, Barcelona Metro line 9, Sydney Metro, and the Copenhagen Metro.
Grade-of-Automation 3 (GoA3)
In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a staff member is always in the train, with responsibility for handling of emergency situations. In a GoA3 system, the train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.
Examples include the Docklands Light Railway.
Grade-of-Automation 2 (GoA2)
In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a driver is in the cab, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track in front of the train and handling of emergency situations. As in a GoA3 system, the GoA2 train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.
Examples include the London Underground Victoria line.
Standard systems for automated operation
Grade-of-Automation 4 systems
These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA4 – Americas
AirTrain JFK system
LINK Train at Toronto Pearson International Airport
GoA4 – Asia
A Magenta Line Train waiting at a station in Delhi.
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 China (Mainland) | Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover | March 2008 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Beijing Subway | Yanfang line | 30 December 2017 | BTCT | [6] | |
| Daxing Airport Express | 26 September 2019 | [7] | |||
| Chengdu Metro | Line 9 | 18 December 2020 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [8] | |
| Guangzhou Metro | APM Line | 8 November 2010 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
| Shanghai Metro | Line 10 | 10 April 2010 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3 | |
| Line 15 | 23 January 2021 | [9] | |||
| Line 18 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
| Pujiang line | 31 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Taiyuan Metro | Line 2 | 26 December 2020 | |||
| Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail | 2015 | ||||
 Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover | 6 July 1998 | SelTrac | ||
| MTR | Disneyland Resort Line | 1 August 2005 | SelTrac | Most trains have an attendant on board | |
| South Island Line (East) | 28 December 2016 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | All trains have an attendant on board[10] | ||
 India | Delhi Metro | Pink Line | 14 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | 58.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board |
| Magenta Line | 25 December 2017 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | Initially with an attendant on board | ||
| Grey Line | 4 October 2019 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
 Japan | Kanazawa Seaside Line | 5 July 1989 | |||
| Kobe New Transit | Port Island Line | 5 February 1981 | World's first GoA4 line | ||
| Rokkō Island Line | 21 February 1990 | ||||
| Linimo | 6 March 2005 | World's first unmanned maglev | |||
| Osaka Metro | Nanko Port Town Line | 1991 | Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991 | ||
| Skyrail Midorizaka Line | 28 August 1998 | People Mover monorail | |||
| Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation | Nippori-Toneri Liner | 30 March 2008 | |||
| Wing Shuttle | 4 September 1994 | ||||
| Yurikamome | 1 November 1995 | ||||
 Macau | Macau Light Rapid Transit | Taipa Line | 10 December 2019 | [11] | |
 Malaysia | KLIA Aerotrain | 1998 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Rapid KL | Kelana Jaya Line | 1 September 1998 | SelTrac | The first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi) | |
| Kajang Line | 16 December 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The second GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 51 km (32 mi) | ||
| Ampang Line | 2017 | SelTrac | [lower-alpha 3] | ||
| Sri Petaling Line | |||||
| Melaka Monorail | 4 December 2017 | ||||
 Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | ||
 Qatar | Doha Metro | Red Line | 8 May 2019 | SelTrac | |
| Green Line | 10 December 2019 | ||||
| Gold Line | 21 November 2019 | ||||
| Hamad International Airport Shuttle | 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
 Saudi Arabia |
Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover | 2012 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | ||
| Riyadh Metro | Blue Line, Red Line | 2019 | Siemens CBTC | ||
| Orange Line | Ansaldo STS | ||||
| Yellow Line, Green Line, Purple Line | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||||
 Singapore | Changi Airport Skytrain | 1990 | Kyosan APM | [lower-alpha 4] | |
| Light Rail Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang LRT line | 6 November 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Sengkang LRT line | 18 January 2003 | Kyosan APM | |||
| Punggol LRT line | 29 January 2005 | ||||
| Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | North East MRT line | 20 June 2003 | Alstom Urbalis 300 | [lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | |
| Circle MRT line | 28 May 2009 | ||||
| Downtown MRT line | 22 December 2013 | Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC | |||
| North South MRT line | 2017[13] | Thales Seltrac® Convergence CBTC[14] | |||
| East West MRT line | 18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension) 28 May 2018 (whole line)[13] | ||||
| Thomson-East Coast MRT line | 31 January 2020[15] | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
 South Korea | Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit | 9 September 2011 | SelTrac | ||
| Busan Metro | Line 4 | 30 March 2011 | |||
| Daegu Metro | Line 3 | 23 April 2015 | |||
| Incheon Airport Maglev | 3 February 2016 | ||||
| Incheon Airport Shuttle train | 20 June 2008 | ||||
| Incheon Subway | Line 2 | 30 July 2016 | SelTrac | ||
| Seoul Light Rapid Transit | U Line | 1 July 2012 | VAL system | ||
| Everline | 26 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Ui LRT | 2 September 2017 | ||||
| Gimpo Goldline | 28 September 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |||
| Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Shinbundang Line | 28 October 2011 | SelTrac | ||
| Wolmi Sea Train | 8 October 2019 | Urbanaut | |||
 Taiwan | Taipei Metro | Wenhu Line | 28 March 1996 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8] |
| Circular Line | 31 January 2020 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | Currently operated with attendant on-board | ||
| Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain | 18 January 2003 | ||||
 Thailand | BTS Skytrain | Gold Line | 16 December 2020 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
 Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M5 | 15 September 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [lower-alpha 9][16] |
| Line M7 | 28 October 2020 | ||||
 United Arab Emirates | Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover | Terminal 1 APM | 2016 | ||
| Terminal 3 APM | January 2013 | ||||
| Dubai Metro | Red Line | 9 September 2009 | SelTrac | [lower-alpha 10] | |
| Green Line | 9 September 2011 | ||||
| Dubai Tram | 11 November 2014 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Palm Jumeirah Monorail | 30 April 2009 | ||||
GoA4 – Europe
The Lille Metro is operated using fully automated rubber-tyred VAL vehicles
GoA4 – Oceania
Sydney Metro Alstom Metropolis
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia | Pilbara railways | Pilbara iron ore trains from Roy Hill | 28 December 2018 | Hitachi AutoHaul | [lower-alpha 14] |
| Sydney Metro | North West Line | 26 May 2019 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [lower-alpha 15] | |
Grade-of-Automation 3 systems
Whereas Docklands Light Railway trains are driverless and do not have a separate cab, there is provision for manual operation
GoA3 – Americas
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Brazil | Salvador Metro | Line 1 | 2014 | SelTrac[19] | [lower-alpha 16] |
| Line 2 | 2016 | ||||
| São Paulo Metro | Line 1 (Blue) | March 1976 | ATO | [lower-alpha 17] | |
| Line 2 (Green) | February 2016 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 3 (Red) | 10 March 1979 | ATO | |||
| Line 5 (Lilac) | 12 March 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [lower-alpha 18] | ||
 United States | Walt Disney World Monorail System | 2016 | SelTrac | ||
GoA3 – Asia
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Mainland) | Beijing Subway | Capital Airport Express | 19 July 2008 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
| Pudong International Airport MRT | 16 September 2019 | FITSCO JeRail | |||
| Shanghai Metro | Line 17 | 30 December 2017 | CASCO TRANAVI | [20] | |
| Wuhan Metro | Yangluo line | 26 December 2017 | CASCO | [21] | |
 Indonesia | Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain | 2020 | [lower-alpha 19] | ||
| Japan | Disney Resort Line | 27 July 2001 | |||
| Singapore | Sentosa Express | November 2017 | Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC | ||
GoA3 – Europe
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bulgaria | Sofia Metro | Line 3 | 26 August 2020 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [22] |
 Hungary | Budapest Metro | Line 2 | 2013 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [lower-alpha 20] |
 Spain | Barcelona Metro | Line 11 | 2009 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |
 United Kingdom | Docklands Light Railway | 31 August 1987 | SelTrac | [lower-alpha 21] | |
Grade-of-Automation 2 systems
GoA2 – Africa
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Algeria | Algiers Metro | Line 1 | 1 November 2011 | Siemens CBTC |
GoA2 – Americas
Control panel of a BART train, which has a black knob to allow the driver to switch between different modes of operation
Much like BART, Washington Metro trains also have a rotary switch to allow the driver to switch between automatic and manual operation
GoA2 – Asia
Many metro systems with automatic train operation, such as the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, are equipped with platform screen doors
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Mainland) | Beijing Subway | Line 1 | 9 December 2015 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | Previously used Westinghouse ATC in GoA1[27] |
| Line 2 | 9 June 2008 | ||||
| Line 4 | 28 September 2009 | SelTrac | |||
| Line 5 | 7 October 2007 | Westinghouse ATC | Newer BTCT LCF-300 will be added and interoperable with existing system | ||
| Line 6 | 30 December 2012 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 7 | 28 December 2014 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 8 | 19 July 2008 | CRSC FL300 | |||
| Line 9 | 31 December 2011 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 10 | 19 July 2008 | Siemens Trainguard CBTC | |||
| Line 14 | 5 May 2013 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 15 | 30 December 2010 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |||
| Line 16 | 31 December 2016 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Ba Tong Line | 3 November 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | Previously used Westinghouse ATC in GoA1[28] | ||
| Changping Line | 30 December 2010 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Daxing Line | SelTrac | ||||
| Fangshan Line | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||||
| Yizhuang Line | BTCT LCF-300 | ||||
| S1 Line | 30 December 2017 | ||||
| Changchun Rail Transit | Line 1 | 30 June 2017 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Line 2 | 30 August 2018 | ||||
| Line 4 | 30 June 2011 | ||||
| Changsha Maglev Express | 6 May 2016 | ||||
| Changsha Metro | Line 1 | 28 June 2016 | |||
| Line 2 | 29 April 2014 | ||||
| Line 3 | 28 June 2020 | ||||
| Line 4 | 26 May 2019 | ||||
| Line 5 | 28 June 2020 | ||||
| Changzhou Metro | Line 1 | 21 September 2019 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [29] | |
| Chengdu Metro | Line 1 | 27 September 2010 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 16 September 2012 | ||||
| Line 3 | 31 July 2016 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 4 | 26 December 2015 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 5 | 27 December 2019 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 6 | 18 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 7 | 6 December 2017 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 8 | 18 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 10 | 6 September 2017 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | |||
| Line 17 | 18 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 18 | 27 September 2020 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| China Railway | Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway | 30 December 2019 | CTCS-3+ATO | [lower-alpha 27] | |
| Chongqing Rail Transit | Loop Line | 28 December 2018 | BTCT LCF-300 | Interoperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers | |
| Line 1 | 28 July 2011 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Line 3 | 29 September 2011 | BTCT CBTC | |||
| Line 4 | 28 December 2018 | UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTC | Interoperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers | ||
| Line 5 | 28 December 2017 | CRSC FZL300 | |||
| Line 6 | 28 September 2012 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Line 10 | 28 December 2017 | CARS MTC-I | Interoperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers | ||
| Dalian Metro | Line 1 | 30 October 2015 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 22 May 2015 | ||||
| Line 12 | 30 December 2013 | CRSC | |||
| Dongguan Rail Transit | Line 2 | 27 May 2016 | SelTrac CBTC | ||
| Foshan Metro | Line 1 | 3 November 2010 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||
| Fuzhou Metro | Line 1 | 18 May 2016 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 26 April 2019 | ||||
| Guangzhou Metro | Line 1 | 28 June 1997 | Siemens LZB 700M | ||
| Line 2 | 25 September 2010 | ||||
| Line 3 | 26 December 2005 | SelTrac | |||
| Line 4 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||||
| Line 5 | 28 December 2009 | ||||
| Line 6 | 28 December 2013 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 7 | 28 December 2016 | CARS MTC-I | |||
| Line 8 | 25 September 2010 | Siemens LZB 700M | |||
| Line 9 | 28 December 2017 | SelTrac | |||
| Line 13 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||||
| Line 14 | SelTrac | ||||
| Line 21 | 28 December 2018 | ||||
| Guiyang Metro | Line 1 | 28 December 2017 | BTCT LCF-300 | ||
| Harbin Metro | Line 1 | 26 September 2013 | Kyosan | ||
| Line 3 | 26 January 2017 | ||||
| Hangzhou Metro | Line 1 | 24 November 2012 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 24 November 2014 | ||||
| Line 4 | 2 February 2015 | UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTC | [30] | ||
| Line 5 | 24 June 2019 | ||||
| Line 6 | 30 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 7 | |||||
| Line 16 | 23 April 2020 | SelTrac CBTC | |||
| Hefei Metro | Line 1 | 26 December 2016 | SelTrac CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 26 December 2017 | ||||
| Line 3 | 26 December 2019 | CRSC FZL-300 | |||
| Line 5 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
| Hohhot Metro | Line 1 | 29 December 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Line 2 | 1 October 2020 | ||||
| Jinan Metro | Line 1 | 1 April 2019 | |||
| Line 3 | 28 December 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Kunming Metro | Line 1 | 20 May 2013 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Line 2 | 30 April 2014 | ||||
| Line 3 | 29 August 2017 | ||||
| Line 4 | 23 September 2020 | ||||
| Line 6 | 29 August 2017 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Lanzhou Metro | Line 1 | 23 June 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Nanchang Metro | Line 1 | 26 December 2015 | SelTrac CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 18 August 2017 | ||||
| Line 3 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
| Nanjing Metro | Line 1 | 3 September 2005 | Siemens LZB 700 M | ||
| Line 2 | 28 May 2010 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Line 3 | 1 April 2015 | ||||
| Line 4 | 18 January 2017 | ||||
| Line 10 | 1 July 2014 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Line S1 | SelTrac CBTC | ||||
| Line S3 | 6 December 2017 | ||||
| Line S7 | 26 May 2018 | SelTrac CBTC | |||
| Line S8 | 1 August 2014 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line S9 | 30 December 2017 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Nanning Metro | Line 1 | 28 June 2016 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2017 | ||||
| Line 3 | 6 June 2019 | ||||
| Line 4 | 23 November 2020 | ||||
| Ningbo Rail Transit | Line 1 | 30 May 2014 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Line 2 | 26 September 2015 | ||||
| Line 3 | 30 June 2019 | ||||
| Line 4 | 23 December 2020 | ||||
| Yinfeng Line | 28 September 2019 | ||||
| Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway | Guangzhu ICR | 7 January 2011 | CASCO INTXIS | Within CTCS-2 framework, plus ATO function[31] | |
| Guanhui ICR | 30 March 2016 | ||||
| Guangfozhao ICR | |||||
| Suishen ICR | 15 December 2019 | ||||
| Zhuji ICR | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Qingdao Metro | Line 1 | 24 December 2020 | |||
| Line 2 | 10 December 2017 | ||||
| Line 3 | 16 December 2015 | ||||
| Line 8 | 24 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 11 | 23 April 2018 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 13 | 26 December 2018 | ||||
| Shanghai Maglev Train | 2004 | Transrapid | |||
| Shanghai Metro | Line 1 | 1995 | General Railway Signal Micro Cabmatic | ||
| Line 2 | 11 June 2000 | Union Switch & Signal International MicroCab | newer train (since 2019) use CASCO Urbalis 888 and interoperable with older trains | ||
| Line 3 | 26 December 2000 | ||||
| Line 4 | 31 December 2005 | ||||
| Line 5 | 2018 | SelTrac | |||
| Line 6 | 2011 | ||||
| Line 7 | 2010 | ||||
| Line 8 | 2011 | ||||
| Line 9 | |||||
| Line 11 | 2012 | ||||
| Line 12 | 29 December 2013 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 13 | 20 April 2010 | ||||
| Line 16 | 29 December 2013 | ||||
| Shenyang Metro | Line 1 | 27 September 2010 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 9 January 2012 | ||||
| Line 9 | 25 May 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 10 | 29 April 2020 | ||||
| Shenzhen Metro | Line 1 | 28 December 2004 | Siemens LZB 700M | ||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2010 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 3 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||||
| Line 4 | 28 December 2004 | Siemens LZB 700M | |||
| Line 5 | 22 June 2011 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 6 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Line 7 | 28 October 2016 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 8 | 28 October 2020 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 9 | 28 October 2016 | SelTrac CBTC | |||
| Line 10 | 18 August 2020 | BTCT LCF-300 | |||
| Line 11 | 28 June 2016 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Shijiazhuang Metro | Line 1 | 26 June 2017 | |||
| Line 2 | 26 August 2020 | ||||
| Line 3 | 26 June 2017 | ||||
| Suzhou Rail Transit | Line 1 | 28 April 2012 | |||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2013 | ||||
| Line 3 | 25 December 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 4 | 15 April 2017 | ||||
| Tianjin Metro | Line 1 | 12 June 2006 | |||
| Line 2 | 1 July 2012 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Line 3 | 1 October 2012 | ||||
| Line 5 | 22 October 2018 | ||||
| Line 6 | 6 August 2016 | ||||
| Line 9 | March 28 2006 | ||||
| Ürümqi Metro | Line 1 | 25 October 2018 | |||
| Wenzhou Metro | Line S1 | 23 January 2019 | |||
| Wuhan Metro | Line 1 | 28 July 2004 | SelTrac | ||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2012 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 3 | 28 December 2015 | ||||
| Line 4 | 28 December 2013 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| Line 6 | 28 December 2016 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 7 | 1 October 2018 | ||||
| Line 8 | 26 December 2017 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 11 | 1 October 2018 | ||||
| Wuxi Metro | Line 1 | 1 July 2014 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2014 | ||||
| Line 3 | 28 October 2020 | ||||
| Xi'an Metro | Line 1 | 15 September 2013 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 16 September 2011 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | |||
| Line 3 | 8 November 2016 | ||||
| Line 4 | 26 December 2018 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 5 | 28 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 6 | |||||
| Line 9 | |||||
| Airport Intercity Railway | 29 September 2019 | ||||
| Xiamen Metro | Line 1 | 31 December 2017 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | ||
| Line 2 | 25 December 2019 | ||||
| Xuzhou Metro | Line 1 | 28 September 2019 | |||
| Line 2 | 28 November 2020 | ||||
| Zhengzhou Metro | Line 1 | 28 December 2013 | |||
| Line 2 | 19 August 2016 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 3 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
| Line 4 | |||||
| Line 5 | 20 May 2019 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Line 14 | 19 September 2019 | CASCO TRANAVI | |||
| Chengjiao Line | 12 January 2017 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | |||
| Hong Kong | MTR | Kwun Tong Line | 1 October 1979 | SACEM | [lower-alpha 28] |
| Tsuen Wan Line | 17 May 1982 | ||||
| Island Line | 31 May 1985 | ||||
| Tung Chung Line | 21 June 1998 | ||||
| Airport Express | 6 July 1998 | ||||
| Tseung Kwan O Line | 18 August 2002 | ||||
| East Rail Line | 2002 | Alstom TBL | |||
| West Rail Line | 20 December 2003 | SelTrac | |||
| Tuen Ma line | 21 December 2004 | ||||
| India | Ahmedabad Metro | East-West Corridor | 4 March 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |
| Chennai Metro | Blue Line | 21 September 2016 | |||
| Green Line | 25 September 2015 | ||||
| Delhi Metro | Red Line | 25 December 2002 | Alstom Urbalis 200 | [lower-alpha 29] | |
| Yellow Line | 20 December 2004 | ||||
| Blue Line | 31 December 2005 | Siemens | [lower-alpha 30] | ||
| Green Line | 3 April 2010 | Bombardier CITYFLO 350 | |||
| Violet Line | 3 October 2010 | ||||
| Airport Express | 23 February 2011 | ||||
| Hyderabad Metro | Red Line | 28 November 2017 | SelTrac | [lower-alpha 31] | |
| Blue Line | |||||
| Green Line | 7 February 2020 | ||||
| Kochi Metro | Line 1 | 17 June 2017 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Kolkata Metro | Line 1 | ||||
| Line 2 | 13 February 2020 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | |||
| Lucknow Metro | Red Line | 5 September 2017 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Mumbai Metro | Line 1 | 8 June 2014 | Siemens LZB 700M | ||
| Nagpur Metro | Orange Line | 7 March 2019 | |||
| Aqua Line | 28 January 2020 | ||||
| Namma Metro | Purple Line | 20 October 2011 | Alstom Urbalis 200 | ||
| Green Line | 1 March 2014 | ||||
| Noida Metro | Aqua Line | 25 January 2019 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Rapid Metro Gurgaon | 14 November 2013 | ||||
| Indonesia | Jakarta LRT | LRT Line A | 1 December 2019 | ||
| Jakarta MRT | MRT Line 1 | 24 March 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | [32][33] | |
| Japan | Fukuoka City Subway | Kūkō Line | |||
| Hakozaki Line | |||||
| Nanakuma Line | 3 February 2005 | ||||
| Kobe Municipal Subway | Seishin-Yamate Line | ||||
| Kaigan Line | 7 June 2001 | ||||
| Hokushin Line | 2 April 1988 | [lower-alpha 32] | |||
| Kyoto Municipal Subway | Tōzai Line | 12 October 1997 | |||
| Nagoya Municipal Subway | Higashiyama Line | 2015 | |||
| Sakura-dōri Line | 16 February 1994 | ||||
| Okinawa Urban Monorail | 10 August 2003 | ||||
| Osaka Metro | Tanimachi Line | [lower-alpha 33] | |||
| Sennichimae Line | 2015 | [lower-alpha 34] | |||
| Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line | 31 March 1990 | ||||
| Saitama Railway | Saitama Rapid Railway Line | 28 March 2001 | [lower-alpha 35] | ||
| Sapporo Municipal Subway | Namboku Line | 2012 | |||
| Tōzai Line | 2008 | [lower-alpha 36] | |||
| Tōhō Line | 2016 | ||||
| Sendai Subway | Nanboku Line | 15 July 1987 | [lower-alpha 37] | ||
| Tōzai Line | 6 December 2015 | ||||
| Tama Toshi Monorail | 27 November 1998 | ||||
| Tokyo Metro | Marunouchi Line | [lower-alpha 38] | |||
| Namboku Line | |||||
| Fukutoshin Line | |||||
| Yūrakuchō Line | |||||
| Chiyoda Line | (Kita-Ayase branch) | ||||
| Hibiya Line | [lower-alpha 39] | ||||
| Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation | Toei Ōedo Line | 10 December 1991 | |||
| Toei Mita Line | |||||
| Tsukuba Express | 24 August 2005 | ||||
| Yokohama Municipal Subway | Blue Line | 20 January 2007 | |||
| Green Line | 30 March 2008 | ||||
| Malaysia | Express Rail Link | KLIA Ekspres | 14 April 2002 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |
| KLIA Transit | |||||
| Rapid KL | KL Monorail | 31 August 2003 | |||
 Philippines | Manila Light Rail Transit System | Line 2 | 5 April 2003 | ||
| Saudi Arabia | Mecca Metro | Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line | 13 November 2010 | SelTrac | |
| South Korea | Busan Metro | Line 1 | 19 July 1985 | ||
| Line 2 | 30 June 1999 | ||||
| Line 3 | 28 November 2005 | ||||
| Daegu Metro | Line 1 | 26 November 1997 | |||
| Line 2 | 18 October 2005 | ||||
| Daejeon Metro | Line 1 | 16 March 2006 | |||
| Gwangju Metro | Line 1 | 28 April 2004 | |||
| Incheon Subway | Line 1 | 6 October 1999 | |||
| Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Line 2 | 2010 | Siemens LZB 700M | [lower-alpha 40] | |
| Line 5 | 15 November 1995 | [lower-alpha 41] | |||
| Line 6 | 7 August 2000 | ||||
| Line 7 | 11 October 1996 | ||||
| Line 8 | 23 November 1999 | ||||
| Line 9 | 24 July 2009 | ||||
| AREX | 23 March 2007 | ||||
| Bundang Line | 2006 | SelTrac | [lower-alpha 42] | ||
| Seohae Line | 16 June 2018 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Taiwan | Kaohsiung Rapid Transit | Red line | 9 March 2008 | ||
| Orange line | 14 September 2008 | ||||
| Taipei Metro | Tamsui–Xinyi line | 28 March 1997 | |||
| Songshan–Xindian line | 24 December 1998 | ||||
| Zhonghe–Xinlu line | |||||
| Bannan line | 24 December 1999 | ||||
| Taoyuan Metro | Taoyuan Airport MRT | 2 March 2017 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||
| Thailand | BTS Skytrain | Sukhumvit Line | 5 December 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 450 | |
| Silom Line | |||||
| MRT (Bangkok) | Blue Line | 3 July 2004 | Siemens LZB 700M | ||
| Purple Line | 6 August 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| State Railway of Thailand | Suvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link | 23 August 2010 | Siemens LZB 700M | ||
| Turkey | Ankara Metro | Batıkent Metrosu (M1) | 29 December 1997 | Ansaldo STS CBTC[34] | Previously used Seltrac CBTC [lower-alpha 43] |
| Koru Metrosu (M2) | 2014 | ||||
| Törekent Metrosu (M3) | |||||
| Keçiören Metrosu (M4) | 5 January 2017 | ||||
| İstanbul Metro | Line M2 | 16 September 2000 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||
| Line M3 | 14 June 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 350 | |||
| Line M4 | 17 August 2012 | Seltrac CBTC | |||
| Line M6 | 19 April 2015 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Marmaray | 29 October 2013 | Invensys Sirius CBTC |
GoA2 – Europe
The Victoria Line in London was the first metro line to be equipped with automatic train operation
Future systems
Americas
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina | Buenos Aires Underground | Line A | |||
| Line B | |||||
| Line D | |||||
| Line F | 2022–2024 | ||||
| Brazil | Manaus Monorail | SelTrac | |||
| São Paulo Metro | Line 1 | 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [lower-alpha 56] | |
| Line 3 | |||||
| Line 6 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | [lower-alpha 57][38] | |||
| Line 17 | SelTrac | [39][40] | |||
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada | Réseau express métropolitain | South Shore (Brossard) | 2021 | Alstom Metropolis | |
| Deux-Montagnes | 2022 | ||||
| Trudeau Airport | 2023 | ||||
| Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue | 2023 | ||||
| Toronto subway | Line 1 Yonge–University | 2020–2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [lower-alpha 58] | |
| Line 2 Bloor–Danforth | 2030 | ||||
| Line 5 Eglinton | 2022 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [lower-alpha 59] | ||
 Chile | Santiago Metro | Line 7 | 2028 | SelTrac | |
| Line 8 | |||||
| Line 9 | |||||
 Peru | Lima Metro | Line 2 | 2022 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | |
| Line 4 | 2025 | ||||
| United States | Honolulu Rail Transit | 2020 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | ||
| New York City Subway | IND Culver Line (F, <F>, and G trains) | 2022 | SelTrac | ||
| IND Queens Boulevard Line (E, F, <F>, M, and R trains) | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | ||||
| IND Eighth Avenue Line (A, C, and E trains) | 2024 | ||||
Asia
Europe
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Czech Republic | Prague Metro | Line D | |||
 France | Paris Métro | Line 13 | 2025–2027 | [lower-alpha 62] | |
| Line 15 | 2024–2025 | ||||
| Line 16 | |||||
| Line 17 | |||||
| Line 18 | 2027 | ||||
| Toulouse Metro | Toulouse Aerospace Express | 2025 | VAL system | ||
 Greece | Athens Metro | Line 4 | 2028 | ||
| Thessaloniki Metro | Line 1 | 2023 | Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | ||
| Line 2 | |||||
 Ireland | MetroLink (Dublin) | 2027 | |||
 Italy | Milan Metro | Milan Metro Line 4 | 2021–2023 | Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro | |
| United Kingdom | London Underground | All Subsurface Lines:
Circle, District , Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan. Deep level tube: |
|||
| TfL Rail | Crossrail | ||||
| Turkey | İzmir Metro | Üçyol-Çamlıkule Line | 2024 | ||
Oceania
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Metro Trains Melbourne | Sunbury–Dandenong Line | 2025–2026 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
| Queensland Rail City network | Cross River Rail | 2024 | |||
| Sydney Metro | Sydney Metro West | 2030 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Western Sydney Airport line | 2026 | ||||
Defunct systems
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Expo Express | 1967–1972 | Union Switch & Signal | [lower-alpha 63] | |
| France | Poma 2000 | 1989–2016 | |||
 Germany | Berlin M-Bahn | 1989–1991 | [lower-alpha 64] | ||
| Japan | Narita Airport Terminal 2 Shuttle System | 1992–2013 | Otis Hovair | [lower-alpha 65] | |
 Portugal | SATUOeiras | 2004–2015 | MiniMetro | ||
| United Kingdom | Birmingham Maglev | 1984–1995 | |||
| Post Office Railway | 1927–2003 | [lower-alpha 66] | |||
| United States | Duke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit | 1979–2009 | Otis Hovair | ||
| Harbour Island People Mover | 1985-1999 | Otis Hovair | |||
| Indiana University Health People Mover | 2003–2019 | UniTrak | |||
| Jetrail | 1970–1974 | ||||
| Muskingum Electric Railroad | 1968–2002 | [lower-alpha 67] | |||
| Vought Airtrans | 1974–2005 | ||||
See also
Notes
- Rebuilt in 1981
- Rebuilt in 2016
- With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
- The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[12] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
- North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
- Previously used VAL
- System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
- On the Asian side of Istanbul
- Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
- Converted from manual to automated operation
- Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise).
- First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
- First completely driverless railway in Australia and first full scale fully automated freight railway in the world.
- First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
- With train captains monitoring in cab
- With train captains monitoring in cab
- With train captains monitoring in cab. To be upgraded to GoA4 in 2019-2020
- Previously operated in manual mode
- A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
- To be converted to GoA4
- Between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and Queen stations
- Uses the same train automation system as the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover; already runs as an ATC/ATO system with an attendant on board.
- Entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from an operational control centre.
- Switch to automatic control while operating in the Market Street Subway and in the Twin Peaks Tunnel. The operator manages the doors in-station and pilots the vehicle when running aboveground.
- Has an automated mode, where the driver is responsible for opening and closing of doors and of overriding the system. However, the system has been operating in manual mode since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, and plans are to operate in manual mode until newer railcars are delivered.[26]
- Only CR400BF-C trainsets support ATO.
- Same system as Paris RER line A
- Uses signalling systems supplied by Alstom.
- Uses LZB 700 signalling systems supplied by Siemens.
- Line partially opened
- A continuation of the Kobe Municipal Subway Seishin-Yamate Line.
- ATO trialled from October 1967 until February 1968; trains now operated in manual mode.
- ATO previously trialled from October 1973 until July 1974.
- A continuation of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.
- Previously used ATO from 1976 until 1990.
- World's first railway system to use fuzzy logic to control the speed of trains.
- Main line converted to ATO in 2010, but Hōnanchō branch continues to use ATC/TASC
- ATO trialled during the 1960s. Trains now operated in manual mode.
- Older trains still drive in manual mode
- Driver on standby and will drive the train when ATO malfunctions or is not available.
- Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies.
- Uses a modified version of Toronto subway's H6 subway model made by Bombardier Transportation and configured for driverless operation.
- Uses the same system as Munich with fully driverless turning at some terminuses.
- Line B is partly automated.
- Including Länsimetro/Västmetron extension, has had various attempts at automation since the 1970s.
- To be converted to GoA4
- Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated, but just between the 22 underground stations. Outside the underground stations the driver operates the train manual.
- Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated; a fully driverless turning at terminus stations is planned.
- Between Empalme and Torrent stations
- Between Les Carolines-Fira and Torrent stations
- A member of staff opens & closes the train doors monitors the train and fixes faults on board. Drivers drive the trains on Sundays and Bank holidays. All shunt moves are made by the drivers and whenever the train stops for fail safe reasons such as excess wheel spin or sliding the driver takes over; at other times trains are computer driven.
- A member of staff opens & closes the train doors, drives the train on Sundays, fixes faults.[37]
- A driver operates the doors and presses buttons to start the train, the train is driven manually on Sundays, and can be driven in manual outside of peak hours.
- Between St Pancras and Blackfriars stations
- System is currently operating on Line 2, with upgrading of the other 2 lines to be fully completed by 2021.
- GoA4
- Expected to have ATC/ATO implemented on the Yonge–University–Spadina Line by 2019 and the Bloor–Danforth Line, funding permitting, by 2030.[41][42]
- Between Mount Dennis and Laird stations
- UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[52]
- UTO Fully driverless system.
- Conversion from manual to driverless operation
- Demonstration line originally built for the 1967 World's Fair.
- Maglev train in West-Berlin in operation from 1989 to 1991. It closed when a metro line, on which the M-Bahn's route partly lay, was scheduled to reopen. The metro line was closed in 1961 when the Berlin Wall erected, because it crossed the border.
- Driverless shuttle connecting two buildings of Narita Airport Terminal 2.
- Tiny, driverless, mail-only subway connecting main post offices and railway terminals in London.
- Private electrified automated coal carrying railroad. Dismantled in 2004.
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External links
- "UITP Automated Metro Observatory, a complete website with UTO Metro Resources"
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