B&O Railroad Museum

The B&O Railroad Museum is a museum exhibiting historic railroad equipment in Baltimore, Maryland, originally named the Baltimore & Ohio Transportation Museum when it opened on July 4, 1953. It has been called one of the most significant collections of railroad treasures in the world and has the largest collection of 19th-century locomotives in the U.S.[3][4] The museum is located in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's old Mount Clare Station and adjacent roundhouse, part of the B&O's sprawling Mount Clare Shops site begun in 1829, the oldest railroad manufacturing complex in the United States.[5]

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum and Mount Clare Station
Mount Clare Station and roundhouse
Location901 West Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Coordinates39°17′7.42″N 76°37′56.63″W
Built1829 (original site)
1851 (current station structure)
1884 (roundhouse)
ArchitectEphraim Francis Baldwin
Architectural styleGeorgian
Websitehttp://www.borail.org/
NRHP reference No.66000906
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHLSeptember 15, 1961[2]

Mount Clare is considered to be a birthplace of American railroading, as the site of the first regular railroad passenger service in the U.S., beginning on May 22, 1830.[6][7] It was also to this site that the first telegraph message, "What hath God wrought?" was sent on May 24, 1844, from Washington, D.C., using Samuel F. B. Morse's electric telegraph.[8][9]

The museum houses collections of 19th- and 20th-century artifacts related to America's railroads. The collection includes 250 pieces of railroad rolling stock, 15,000 artifacts, 5,000 cubic feet (140 m3) of archival material, four significant 19th-century buildings, including the historic roundhouse, and a mile of track, considered the most historic mile of railroad track in the United States. Train rides are offered on the mile of track on Wednesday through Sunday from April through December and weekends in January. In 2002, the museum had 160,000 visitors annually.[3]

The museum also features an outdoor G-scale layout, an indoor HO scale model, and a wooden model train for children to climb on. From Thanksgiving through the New Year, local model railroad groups set up large layouts on the roundhouse floor and in select locations on the grounds of the museum. A museum store offers toys, books, DVDs and other railroad-related items.

The museum and station were designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1961.[1] In 2008, the Museum won three awards in Nickelodeon's Parents' Picks Awards in the categories of: Best Museum for Little Kids, Best Indoor Playspace for Little Kids, and Best Indoor Playspace for Big Kids. Television and film actor Michael Gross is the museum's "celebrity spokesman".[10]

The museum also hosts an annual Day out with Thomas event every year, complete with the train's excursion including a non-powered Thomas the Tank Engine replica built by the Strasburg Rail Road.

History

The inaugural horse-drawn B&O train travelled the 13 miles (21 km) of the newly completed track from Mount Clare to Ellicott Mills (now Ellicott City, Maryland), on May 22, 1830, the first regular railroad passenger service in the U.S.[6] The existing Mount Clare station brick structure was constructed in 1851.[6] The adjacent roundhouse designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin was built in 1884 to service the B&O's passenger cars.[3]

For much of its history, the B&O had been collecting locomotives and other artifacts from its history for public relations purposes. This collection was stored in various places, until the railroad decided to centralize it in a permanent home. The car shop of the Mt. Clare Shops was chosen, and the new museum opened on July 4, 1953.

The museum ended up outliving its parent B&O Railroad, and was kept intact by both the Chessie System and CSX Corporation. In 1990, CSX deeded the property and collection to the newly formed, not-for-profit museum organization governed by an independent board of directors and provided it with a $5 million endowment. In 1999,[11] the museum became affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution.[12]

The Museum on February 17, 2003, shortly after its blizzard-caused roof collapse

In the early morning of February 17, 2003, heavy snow from the Presidents' Day Storm collapsed half of the roof of the museum's roundhouse.[7] Although the structure's central support columns remained standing, the supporting iron struts and ties of the destroyed roofing sections failed under the snow load. The museum suffered heavy damage not only to the roundhouse itself but also to the collection within the roundhouse. Some of the items were damaged beyond repair. Reporting on the devastation the following day, The Baltimore Sun said, "...hours after the collapse, columns of mangled steel stuck out from the roundhouse ... Locomotives and passenger cars in the museum's collection, some dating from the 1830s, could be seen covered with snow and debris."[3] The roundhouse, with a newly repaired roof, reopened to the public on November 13, 2004, and the damaged locomotives and cars were surrounded by a plexiglass barrier. As of September 2015, all damaged exhibits have been restored to their original appearance.

After the roof collapse, subsequent fund raising and restoration allowed the museum to upgrade many of its facilities. In 2005 the museum opened a new service facility west of the roundhouse for restoration of historical equipment and maintenance of active equipment.

Exhibits
External video
American Artifacts: History of the B&O Railroad 30 minutes in the B&O Railroad Museum, C-SPAN[13]
B&O Railroad Museum Television Network - Jan 2012, Museum locomotives in Hollywood films

The museum's holdings include both originals and replicas, some of which were built by the B&O for its centennial "Fair of the Iron Horse" in 1927. Exhibits include:

  • Baltimore and Ohio 4-4-0 #25: The William Mason built in 1856, used in The Great Locomotive Chase, and later in Wild Wild West. Operated until October 2014, taken out of service due to thin crown sheet.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 0-4-0 "Tom Thumb" 1927 replica. Had been refurbished by the Strasburg Rail Road and restored to operating condition for 2004 "Fair of the Iron Horse." Only operated a handful of times, at most, after refurbishment. On display in the roundhouse, in non-operational condition. In need of Federally mandated boiler inspection to operate again. Last operated circa Christmas 2013.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 0-4-0 #8 "John Hancock" built in 1836.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 4-2-0 #13 "Lafayette" 1927 replica. In the past, it was occasionally fired up and operated by the museum for demonstration purposes, currently on display in the roundhouse, in non-operational condition. In need of federally mandated boiler inspection to operate again. Last operated circa October 2015
  • Cumberland Valley 2-2-2T #13 "Pioneer". On loan. built in 1851.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 4-6-0 #305: (Built in 1869 at Mt. Clare, Mother Hubbard design based on Ross Winans' design. Previously #217.)
  • Baltimore & Ohio 4-6-0 #147 "Thatcher Perkins" built in 1863.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 0-8-0 #57 "Memnon" built in 1848.
  • Baltimore and Ohio 2-8-0 #545 A.J. Cromwell: built in 1888.
  • Baltimore and Ohio 2-6-0 #600 "J. C. Davis" : built at Mt. Clare in 1875, which won first prize at the 1876 Centennial Exposition.[14]
  • St. Elizabeth's Hospital 0-4-0T #4: one of the last Porter steam locomotives built, built in 1950 for use at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington DC. Later ran at Ft. Eustis then in storage at Cass Scenic Railroad. Arrived at B&O Museum in 1980s. Restored to operating condition in 2002 and re-restored in 2005 after suffering damage in roof collapse. Out of Service for 1,472 day inspection, last operated circa Fall 2015. Coal burner.
  • Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 4-6-4 #490: The last surviving C&O "Streamlined" Hudson built in 1946.
  • Chesapeake & Ohio 4-6-0 #377 built in 1902.
  • Clinchfield Railroad 4-6-0 #1 built in 1882. The engine was used for excursions from 1968 until 1979.
B&O 0-4-0 "Grasshopper" (1832)
  • Baltimore & Ohio 0-4-0 "Grasshopper", built in 1832 by Phineas Davis and Israel Gartner, one of the oldest surviving American locomotives
  • Baltimore & Ohio 4-6-2 #5300 "President Washington" built in 1927.
  • Baltimore & Ohio 2-8-2 #4500, USRA Light Mikado and the world's first USRA locomotive, built in 1918.
  • Chesapeake & Ohio 2-8-4 #2705 built in 1943.
  • Chesapeake and Ohio 2-6-6-6 #1604: One of two surviving "Allegheny"-class locomotives built in 1941.
  • American Freedom Train 4-8-4 #1 (Reading #2101) built in 1945. One of three steam engines used on American Freedom Train of 1975–1976. Used on Chessie System Steam Specials in 1977–1978.
  • Greenbrier, Cheat and Elk River Shay #1 built in 1905.
  • Central Railroad of New Jersey 4-4-2 #592 built in 1901, one of five surviving Camelback type locomotives.
  • Potomac Electric Company (PEPCO) Fireless 0-4-0 #43
  • Pere Marquette SW1 #11. built in 1942. Operational.
  • Central Railroad of New Jersey #1000: first commercially successful diesel built in 1925.
  • Baltimore & Ohio EA #51: first streamlined diesel built in 1937. Recently completed cosmetic restoration.
  • Baltimore & Ohio RDC #1961. built in 1956. Operational.
  • Western Maryland BL2 #81 built in 1948 and Slug #138T built in 1941.
  • Baltimore & Ohio GP30 #6944 built in 1962. Operational.
  • Baltimore & Ohio GP40 #3684. built in 1966.
  • Baltimore & Ohio GP9 #6607. built in 1956. Operational.
  • Western Maryland RS3 #195 built in 1953
  • Baltimore & Annapolis 70 tonner #50 built in 1950
  • Baltimore & Ohio (Octoraro) S1 #3
  • Canton Railroad Baldwin VO-1000 #32. built in 1944
  • Baltimore & Ohio GP7 #6405. built in 1953. Operational.
  • Chessie System GP38 #3802. built in 1967 chosen by Trains Magazine as "All American Diesel". Operational.
  • Baltimore & Ohio #10 (electric)
  • Pennsylvania Railroad #4876: GG1 electric, not currently on display, that crashed into Washington D.C.'s Union Station in 1953 in the Federal Express train wreck.
  • MARC F7A APCU #7100: built in 1951, rebuilt in 1981. Used as a cab car and for supplying HEP.
  • Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad ("Ma & Pa") inspection car and Railway post office car
  • B&O Royal Blue Line 1890s-era coach

Former exhibits

Ellicott City Station
Main article: Ellicott City Station

The B&O's station in Ellicott City, Maryland, formerly operated by the museum until 2017, is the oldest surviving railroad station in America.[4][16] The Main Depot building was completed in 1830-1831 by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The site also includes the 1885 freight house, a replica of the first horse-drawn passenger rail car, and a 1927 "I-5" caboose. Exhibits highlight the people who built and operated America's first railroad, the role of the railroad in the Civil War, and the changes wrought by the development of rail transportation.

The freight house features a 40-foot HO-gauge model railroad layout showing the first 13 miles (21 km) of commercial rail track between Baltimore and Ellicott Mills (as Ellicott City was known in the 1830s). The museum announced plans to sponsor an Explorer post under the aegis of the Boy Scouts of America beginning in 2010, for teenage participants to help maintain the freight house's model railroad, as well as helping with large events at both the Ellicott City Station and the B&O Railroad Museum in Baltimore.[17]

The museum also offers living history programs. Museum members are entitled to visit the Ellicott City Station free of charge.

See also

References
  1. Joseph S. Mendinghall, Historian. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination: The Baltimore & Ohio Transportation Museum". National Park Service. Retrieved June 14, 2008. and Accompanying photos
  2. "B&O Transportation Museum & Mount Clare Station". Maryland's National Register Properties. Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  3. Jamie Siegel & Frederick Rasmussen (February 18, 2003). "Snow causes roof of railroad museum to partially cave in". The Baltimore Sun. p. 9A. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
  4. Wrinn, Jim, ed. (2009). Tourist Trains Guidebook. Waukesha, Wisc.: Kalmbach Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-87116-273-1.
  5. Yearby, Jean (1984). "Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Mount Clare Shops" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 1. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  6. Harwood, Herbert W. Jr. (1979). Impossible Challenge. Baltimore, Md.: Bernard, Roberts and Co. pp. 12–21. ISBN 0-934118-17-5.
  7. "About the Museum: History of the Museum". Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  8. Stover, John F. (1987). History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-911198-81-4.
  9. Samuel F. B. Morse Papers: Invention of the Telegraph"
  10. "What's Here– A message from Michael Gross". B&O Railroad Museum. 2009. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
  11. "History of the Museum". B&O Railroad Museum. October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  12. "Smithsonian Affiliiations: Affiliate Detail: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum". Smithsonian Institution. 2016. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  13. "American Artifacts: History of the B&O Railroad". C-SPAN. May 5, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  14. "Save America's Treasures" (B&O Railroad Museum), December 2009.
  15. Haddock Taylor, Barbara (June 3, 2016). "Restoration of the 1309". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  16. "What's Here: Historic Site". B&O Railroad Museum: Ellicott City Station. 2005. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
  17. "Ellicott City Station to host Boy Scout Explorer Post on Model Railroading". Train Mail. B&O Railroad Museum. December 2009.
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