List of state leaders in 1919

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1919.

Africa

• Dervish state (unrecognized state)
  • Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
•  Ethiopia
  • Monarch - Zewditu, Empress of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
  • Regent - Ras Tafari Makonnen, Regent of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
  • Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
•  Liberia
  • President - Daniel Edward Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
• South Africa
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Sydney Buxton, Viscount Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa (1914–1920)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1910–1919)
    2. Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1919–1924)
• Tripolitania (unrecognized secessionist state)
  • Head of State - Ahmad Tahir al-Murayyid, Chairman of the Council of the Republic of Tripolitania (1918–1923)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Monarch -
    1. Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
    2. Nasrullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1919)
    3. Amanullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1919–1929)
• Asir
  • Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1909–1923)
• Bukhara
  • Monarch - Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1911–1920)
• China
  • Beiyang Government
    • President - Xu Shichang, President of China (1918–1922)
    • Premier -
      1. Qian Nengxun, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1918–1919)
      2. Gong Xinzhan, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1919)
      3. Jin Yunpeng, Premier of State Council of China (1919–1920)
  •  Nationalist Government
    • Head of State - Cen Chunxuan, Chairman of the Governing Committee of the Military Government of China (1918–1920)
  • Mongolia –
    • occupied by the Beiyang government of China in October 1919
    • Monarch - Bogd Khan, Khan of the Bogd Khanate (1911–1919)
    • Prime Minister -
    1. Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1912–1919)
    2. Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1919–1921)
  • Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
    • Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
• Hejaz (unrecognized state)
  • Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)[1]
• Jabal Shammar
  • Monarch - Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1910–1920)
•  Japan
  • Monarch - Yoshihito, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
  • Prime Minister - Hara Takashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1918–1921)
• Khiva
  • Monarch - Sayid Abdullah, Khan of Khiva (1918–1920)
• Muscat and Oman
  • Monarch - Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
• Nejd and Hasa
  • Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)[2]
• Nepal
  • Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
  • Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch - Mehmed VI, Emperor of the Ottomans (1918–1922)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1918–1919)
    2. Damad Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1919)
    3. Ali Rıza Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1919–1920)
• Persia
  • Monarch - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
  • Prime Minister - Hassan Pirnia, Prime Minister of Persia (1918–1920)
• Rajpipla State - Vijaysinhji (1915-1948)
•  Siam
  • Monarch - Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)
• Yemen (unrecognized state)
  • Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, Imam of Yemen (1904–1948)[3]

Australia and Oceania

•  Australia
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia (1914–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (1915–1923)
• New Zealand
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Arthur Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool, Governor-General of New Zealand[4] (1912–1920)
  • Prime Minister - William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1912–1925)

Europe

• Albania (under Italian invasion)
  • Head of State - Turhan Përmeti, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Albania (1918–1920)
•  Andorra
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
      • Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince -
      1. Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
      2. Jaume Viladrich i Gaspa, Acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1919–1920)
      • Co-Prince's Representative - Joseph de Riba (1915–1933)
  • First Syndic - Josep Vilanova, First Syndic of Andorra (1918–1920)
• Armenia (unrecognized state)
  • Head of State -
    1. Avetik Sahakyan, Chairman of the Council of Armenia (1918–1919)
    2. Avetis Aharonyan, Chairman of the Parliament of Armenia (1919–1920)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hovhannes Katchaznouni, Prime Minister of Armenia (1918–1919)
    2. Alexander Khatisyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1919–1920)
  • Kars Republic (unrecognized state)
    • integrated into Armenia in April 1919
    • Head of State - Cihangirzade İbrahim Bey, Head of State of the Kars Republic (1918–1919)
• Austria
  • the Republic of German-Austria was superseded by the Republic of Austria on 21 October 1919
  • Head of State -
    1. Franz Dinghofer + Johann Nepomuk Hauser + Karl Seitz, Directory of the Council of State of Austria (1918–1919)
    2. Karl Seitz, President of the Constituent National Assembly of Austria (1919–1920)
  • Chancellor - Karl Renner, Chancellor of Austria (1918–1920)
• Azerbaijan (unrecognized state)
  • Head of State - Alimardan Topchubashov, Chairman of Parliament of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Fatali Khan Khoyski, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1918–1919)
    2. Nasib Yusifbeyli, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1919–1920)
  • Republic of Aras (unrecognized state)
    • reintegrated into Azerbaijan in July 1919
    • Head of State - Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski, Head of State of the Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
•  Belgium
  • Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
  • Prime Minister - Léon Delacroix, Prime Minister of Belgium (1918–1920)
•  Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
  • Premier -
    1. Teodor Teodorov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1918–1919)
    2. Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1919–1923)
• Byelorussia
  • the Belarusian People's Republic was gradually superseded by the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia in January 1919, and was part of the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic between February and July 1919 (see under Litbel)
  • Head of State -
    1. Zmicier Zhylunovich, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Workers-and-Peasants' Soviet Government of Belarus (1919)
    2. Aleksandr Myasnikyan, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Byelorussia (1919)
    3. Pyotra Krecheuski, Chairman of the Government of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
    4. Jan Sierada, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
  • Premier -
    1. Anton Luckevich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1918–1919)
    2. Vaclau Lastouski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1919–1920)
• Czechoslovakia
  • President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Karel Kramář, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1918–1919)
    2. Vlastimil Tusar, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1919–1920)
  • Slovak Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
    • claimed independence between 16 June and 7 July 1919
    • Head of State - Antonín Janoušek, Chairman of the Revolutionary Government Council of the Slovak Soviet Republic (1919)
•  Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
  • Prime Minister - Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister of Denmark (1913–1920)
• Estonia
  •  Republic of Estonia (unrecognized state)
    • Head of State -
      1. Konstantin Päts, Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia (1918–1919)
      2. Otto Strandman, Prime Minister of Estonia (1919)
      3. Jaan Tõnisson, Prime Minister of Estonia (1919–1920)
  • Commune of the Working People of Estonia (unrecognized state)
    • disestablished on 5 June 1919
    • Head of State - Jaan Anvelt, Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
• Finland
  • Kingdom of Finland was superseded by the Republic of Finland on 17 July 1919
  • Head of State -
    1. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Regent of Finland (1918–1919)
    2. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (1919–1925)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lauri Ingman, Prime Minister of Finland (1918–1919)
    2. Kaarlo Castrén, Prime Minister of Finland (1919)
    3. Juho Vennola, Prime Minister of Finland (1919–1920)
• France
  • President - Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Georges Clemenceau, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1917–1920)
• Georgia
  • Head of State -
    1. Noe Zhordania, President of the Parliament of Georgia (1918–1919)
    2. Nikolay Chkheidze, Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919–1921)
  • Prime Minister - Noe Zhordania, Prime Minister of Georgia (1918–1921)
• German-Austria
  • see under Austria
• Germany
  • the German Empire was superseded by the Weimar Republic on 11 August 1919
  • Head of State -
    1. Robert Leinert + Max Cohen-Reuss + Hermann Müller, Chairmen of the Central Council of Germany (1918–1919)
    2. Wilhelm Pfannkuch, President of the Constituent National Assembly of Germany (1919)
    3. Eduard David, President of the Constituent National Assembly of Germany (1919)
    4. Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (1919–1925)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Friedrich Ebert, Executive chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners of Germany (1918–1919)
    2. Philipp Scheidemann, Chancellor of Germany (1919)
    3. Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (1919–1920)
  • Bavarian Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
    • claimed independence between 7 April and 2 May 1919
    • Head of State -
      1. Ernst Toller, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Central Council of the Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
      2. Eugen Leviné, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
• Greece
  • Monarch - Alexander, King of the Hellenes (1917–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1917–1920)
• Hungary
  • the Hungarian People's Republic was temporarily superseded by the Hungarian Soviet Republic between 21 March and 1 August 1919, and on 8 August it was superseded by the Hungarian Republic
  • De facto leader - Béla Kun, Foreign Minister of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
  • Head of State -
    1. Count Mihály Károlyi, Provisional President of Hungary (1918–1919)
    2. Sándor Garbai, Chairman of the Central Executive Council of Hungary (1919)
    3. Gyula Peidl, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919)
    4. Archduke Joseph, Regent of Hungary (1919)
    5. István Friedrich, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919)
    6. Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Count Mihály Károlyi, Prime Minister of Hungary (1918–1919)
    2. Dénes Berinkey, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919)
    3. Sándor Garbai, Chairman of the Hungarian Central Executive Council (1919)
    4. Gyula Peidl, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919)
    5. Count Gyula Károlyi, Prime Minister of Hungary (counter government) (1919)
    6. Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Prime Minister of Hungary (counter government) (1919)
    7. István Friedrich, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919)
    8. Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
  • Prekmurje (unrecognized state)
    • claimed independence between 29 May and 6 June 1919
    • President - Vilmos Tkálecz, President of Prekmurje (1919)
• Iceland
  • Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
  • Prime Minister - Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)[5]
•  Italy
  • Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1917–1919)
    2. Francesco Saverio Nitti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1919–1920)
• Irish Republic (unrecognized state)
  • declared independence on 21 January 1919, recognised only by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
  • President -
    1. Cathal Brugha, President of Dáil Éireann (1919)
    2. Éamon de Valera, President of Dáil Éireann/President of the Irish Republic (1919–1922)
• Latvia
  •  Latvia (unrecognized state)
    • Head of State - Jānis Čakste, President of the People's Council of Latvia (1918–1927)
    • Prime Minister - Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1918–1921)
  • Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
    • Head of State - Pēteris Stučka, Chairman of the Government of Latvia (1918–1920)
•  Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
  • Administrator - Prince Karl Aloys, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1918–1920)
• Litbel
  • formed by the merger of Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia and Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and existed between 27 February and 17 July 1919
  • Communist Party Leader - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian-Belorussian Communist Party (1919)
  • Head of State - Kazimierz Cichowski, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of Litbel (1919)
  • Head of Government - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Litbel (1919)
• Lithuania
  • Lithuania (unrecognized state)
    • President - Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania[6] (1918–1920)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Mykolas Sleževičius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1918–1919)
      2. Pranas Dovydaitis, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1919)
      3. Mykolas Sleževičius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1919)
      4. Ernestas Galvanauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1919–1920)
  • Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized state)
    • merged with Byelorussia on 27 February 1919 to form Litbel (see above)
    • Communist Party Leader - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party (1918–1919)
    • Head of State - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Revolutionary Government of Lithuania (1918–1919)
•  Luxembourg
  • Monarch -
    1. Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1912–1919)
    2. Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)[7]
  • Prime Minister - Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
•  Monaco
  • Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Georges Jaloustre, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1918–1919)
    2. Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of State of Monaco (1919–1923)
•  Netherlands
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[7]
  • Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
•  Norway
  • Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[7]
  • Prime Minister - Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
• Poland
  • Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jędrzej Moraczewski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1918–1919)
    2. Ignacy Jan Paderewski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1919)
    3. Leopold Skulski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1919–1920)
  • Komancza (unrecognized state)
    • integrated into Poland on 23 January 1919
    • Head of State - Panteleymon Shpylka, Head of the Council of Komancza (1918–1919)
  • Lemko (unrecognized state)
    • President - Jaroslav Kacmarcyk, President of Lemko (1918–1920)
  • Tarnobrzeg (unrecognized state)
    • disestablished in the beginning of 1919
    • Leaders - Tomasz Dąbal and Eugeniusz Okon (1918–1919)
• Portugal
  • Portuguese Republic
    • President -
      1. João do Canto e Castro, President of Portugal (1918–1919)
      2. António José de Almeida, President of Portugal (1919–1923)
    • Premier -
      1. João Tamagnini Barbosa, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1918–1919)
      2. José Relvas, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1919)
      3. Domingos Pereira, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1919)
      4. Alfredo de Sá Cardoso, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1919–1920)
  • Kingdom of Portugal (unrecognized state)
    • claimed independence between 19 January and 14 February 1919
    • Leader - Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro, President of the Governing Junta of Portugal (1919)
•  Romania
  • Monarch - Ferdinand I, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
  • Premier -
    1. Ion I. C. Brătianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1918–1919)
    2. Artur Văitoianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1919)
    3. Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1919–1920)
• Russia
  •  Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
    • Head of State -
      1. Yakov Sverdlov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1917–1919)
      2. Mikhail Vladimirsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919)
      3. Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919–1946)[8]
    • Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)[9]
  • Russian state
    • Head of State - Alexander Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918–1920)
    • Premier -
      1. Pyotr Vologodsky, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1918–1919)
      2. Viktor Pepelyayev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1919–1920)
  • South Russia
    • Head of State - Anton Denikin Commander-in-Chief of the South Russia (1919–1920)
    • Alash (unrecognized state)
      • Head of State - Alikhan Bokeikhanov, Chairman of the Alash Orda (1917–1920)
    • Don (unrecognized state)
      • Head of State -
        1. Pyotr Krasnov, Acting Ataman of Don (1918–1919)
        2. Afrikan Bogaevskiy, Ataman of Don (1919–1920)
    • Kuban (partially recognized state)
      • Ataman -
        1. Alexander Filimonov (1918–1919)
        2. Nikolay Uspensky (1919–1919)
      • Head of State -
        1. Nikolai Ryabovol, Chairman of Kuban (1918–1919)
        2. Fyodor Sushkov, Chairman of Kuban (1919–1920)
    • Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (partially recognized state)
      • Head of State -
        1. Pshemaho Kotsev, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918–1919)
        2. Vassangirai Dzhabagi, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1919)
        3. Prince N. Tarkovsky, Dictator of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1919–1920)
    • North Caucasian Emirate (unrecognized state)
      • declared independence in September 1919
      • Monarch - Uzun Haji, Emir of the North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
    • North Ingria (unrecognized state)
      • declared independence on 23 January 1919
      • Head of State -
        1. Santeri Termonen, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1919)
        2. Juho Pekka Kokko, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1919)
        3. Georg Elfvengren, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1919–1920)
•  San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Protogene Belloni and Francesco Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1918–1919)
    2. Domenico Vicini and Pietro Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1919)
    3. Moro Morri and Francesco Pasquali, Captains Regent of San Marino (1919–1920)
•  Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
  • Monarch - Peter I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1903–1921)[10]
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Stojan Protić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1919)
    2. Ljubomir Davidović, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1919–1920)
• Spain
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Álvaro de Figueroa, Count of Romanones, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1918–1919)
    2. Antonio Maura, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1919)
    3. Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Calvo, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1919)
    4. Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1919–1920)
•  Sweden
  • Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
  • Prime Minister - Nils Edén, Prime Minister of Sweden (1917–1920)
•   Switzerland
  • Federal Council:[11]

    Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Camille Decoppet (1912–1919), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920), Gustave Ador (1917–1919, President), Robert Haab (1917–1929), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934)

• Ukraine
  • Ukrainian People's Republic
    • Head of State -
      1. Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1918–1919)
      2. Symon Petliura, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1919–1921)
    • Premier -
      1. Volodymyr Chekhivsky, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1918–1919)
      2. Serhiy Ostapenko, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1919)
      3. Borys Mykolaiovych Martos, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1919)
      4. Isaak Mazepa, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1919–1920)
  • Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized state)
    • declared on 10 March 1919
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Emanuel Kviring, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1918–1919)
      2. Stanislav Kosior, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1919)
      3. Rafail Farbman, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1919–1920)
    • Head of State -
      1. the premier (see below), Head of State of Ukraine (1918–1919)
      2. Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine (1919–1938)
    • Premier -
      1. Georgy Pyatakov, Chairman of the Provisional Workers-Peasant Government of Ukraine (1918–1919)
      2. Christian Rakovsky, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine (1919)
      3. Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee (1919–1920)
  • West Ukrainian People's Republic
    • integrated into the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1919
    • Head of State - Yevhen Petrushevych, President of the Ukrainian National Council (1918–1919)
    • Premier -
      1. Kost Levytsky, Chairman of the State Secretariat of West Ukraine (1918–1919)
      2. Sydir Holubovych, Chairman of the State Secretariat of West Ukraine (1919)
    • Hutsul Republic (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between January 9 and June 1919
      • Leader - Stepan Klochurak, Prime Minister of the Hutsul Republic (1919)
•  United Kingdom
  • Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
  • Prime Minister - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)

North America and the Caribbean

•  Canada
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor General - Victor Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Governor General of Canada (1916–1921)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
•  Costa Rica
  • President -
    1. Federico Tinoco Granados, President of Costa Rica (1917–1919)
    2. Juan Bautista Quirós Segura, Acting President of Costa Rica (1919)
    3. Francisco Aguilar Barquero, Interim President of Costa Rica (1919–1920)
• Cuba
  • President - Mario García Menocal, President of Cuba (1913–1921)
•  Dominican Republic (under US occupation)
  • Governor -
    1. Ben Hebard Fuller, Governor of Santo Domingo (1918–1919)
    2. Thomas Snowden, Governor of Santo Domingo (1919–1921)
•  El Salvador
  • President -
    1. Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Acting President of El Salvador (1918–1919)
    2. Jorge Meléndez, President of El Salvador (1919–1923)
•  Guatemala
  • President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
•  Haiti (under US occupation)
  • Military Commander -
    1. Albertus W. Catlin, Military Commander of Haiti (1918–1919)
    2. John H. Russell, Jr., Military Commander of Haiti (1919–1930)
  • President - Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President of Haiti (1915–1922)
•  Honduras
  • President -
    1. Francisco Bertrand, President of Honduras (1913–1919)
    2. Salvador Aguirre, Acting President of Honduras (1919)
    3. Vicente Mejía Colindres, Acting President of Honduras (1919)
    4. Francisco Bográn, Acting President of Honduras (1919–1920)
•  Mexico
  • President - Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (1914–1920)
•  Newfoundland
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor - Sir Charles Alexander Harris, Governor of Newfoundland (1917–1922)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sir William F. Lloyd, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1918–1919)
    2. Sir Michael Patrick Cashin, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1919)
    3. Sir Richard Squires, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1919–1923)
•  Nicaragua
  • President - Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President of Nicaragua (1917–1921)
•  Panama
  • President - Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1918–1920)
•  United States
  • President - Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913–1921)

South America

•  Argentina
  • President - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (1916–1922)
•  Bolivia
  • President - José Gutiérrez, President of Bolivia (1917–1920)
• Brazil
  • President -
    1. Delfim Moreira, Acting President of Brazil (1918–1919)
    2. Epitácio Pessoa, President of Brazil (1919–1922)
•  Chile
  • President - Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President of Chile (1915–1920)
•  Colombia
  • President - Marco Fidel Suárez, President of Colombia (1918–1921)
•  Ecuador
  • President - Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (1916–1920)
•  Paraguay
  • President -
    1. Manuel Franco, President of Paraguay (1916–1919)
    2. José Pedro Montero, Acting President of Paraguay (1919–1920)
•  Peru
  • President -
    1. José Pardo y Barreda, President of Peru (1915–1919)
    2. Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1919–1930)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Germán Arenas Zuñiga, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1918–1919)
    2. Juan Manuel Zuloaga, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1919)
    3. Germán Leguía y Martínez Jakeway, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1919–1922)
•  Uruguay
  • President -
    1. Feliciano Viera, President of Uruguay (1915–1919)
    2. Baltasar Brum, President of Uruguay (1919–1923)
• Venezuela
  • President - Victorino Márquez Bustillos, Provisional President of Venezuela (1914–1922)

References

1. Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
2. Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
3. Yemen only became independent in 1918.
4. Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor of New Zealand until 1917.
5. Iceland only became independent in 1918.
6. The title of the Lithuanian head of state changed from Chairman of the Lithuanian National Council Presidium to President on 4 April 1919.
7. In exile between 1940 and 1945.
8. Kalinin was head of state of Russia from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets) from 1922 to 1946.
9. Lenin was head of government of Russia (Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1917 to 1924 and head of government of the Soviet Union (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1922 to 1924.
10. Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
11. The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links