List of state leaders in 1913

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1913.

Africa

Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch -
  1. Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
  2. Iyasu IV, Emperor of Ethiopia (1913–1916)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
Liberia –
- President - Daniel E. Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
South Africa
- Monarch – George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Herbert Gladstone, Viscount Gladstone, Governor-General of South Africa (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister - Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1910–1919)

Asia

Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Asir – Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1909–1923)
Bukhara – Monarch - Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1911–1920)
China –
- Beiyang Government –
  - President - Yuan Shikai, President of China (1912–1915)
  - Premier -
    1. Zhao Bingjun, Premier of the Republic of China (1912–1913)
    2. Duan Qirui, Premier of the Republic of China (1913)
    3. Xiong Xiling, Premier of the Republic of China (1913–1914)
- Mongolia –
  - Monarch - Bogd Khan, Khan of the Bogd Khanate (1911–1919)
  - Prime Minister - Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1912–1919)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  - declared independence in 1913
  - Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)[1]
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch - Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1910–1920)
Japan –
- Monarch - Yoshihito, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Katsura Tarō, Prime Minister of Japan (1912–1913)
  2. Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, Prime Minister of Japan (1913–1914)
Khiva –
- Monarch - Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, Khan of Khiva (1910–1918)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch -
  1. Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1888–1913)
  2. Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)[2]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch - Mehmed V, Emperor of the Ottomans (1909–1918)
- Head of Government -
  1. Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1912–1913)
  2. Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1913)
  3. Said Halim Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1913–1917)
Persia –
- Monarch - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Regent - Nasir al-Mulk, Regent of Persia (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari, Prime Minister of Persia (1911–1913)
  2. Mohammad-Ali Ala al-Saltaneh, Prime Minister of Persia (1913)
  3. Mostowfi ol-Mamalek, Prime Minister of Persia (1913–1915)
Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
Siam
- Monarch – Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)

Europe

Albania –
- recognized on 29 July 1913
- Prime Minister - Ismail Qemali, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Albania (1912–1914)
Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince -
    1. Armand Fallières, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1906–1913)
    2. Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Pallerola i Gabriel (1886–1915)
- First Syndic - Bonaventura Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1912–1915)
Austria-Hungary –
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria) - Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria (1911–1916)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary) -
    1. László Lukács, Prime Minister of Hungary (1912–1913)
    2. István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary (1913–1917)
Belgium –
- Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister - Count Charles de Broqueville, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1911–1918)
Bulgaria –
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1887–1918)[3]
- Premier -
  1. Ivan Evstratiev Geshov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1911–1913)
  2. Stoyan Danev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1913)
  3. Vasil Radoslavov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1913–1918)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Klaus Berntsen, Council President of Denmark (1910–1913)
  2. Carl Theodor Zahle, Council President of Denmark (1913–1920)
France –
- President -
  1. Armand Fallières, President of France (1906–1913)
  2. Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Raymond Poincaré, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1912–1913)
  2. Aristide Briand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1913)
  3. Louis Barthou, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1913)
  4. Gaston Doumergue, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1913–1914)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Head of Government - Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (1909–1917)
Greece –
- Monarch -
  1. George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  2. Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1913–1917)
- Prime Minister - Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1910–1915)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister - Giovanni Giolitti, Prime Minister of Italy (1911–1914)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1912–1919)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
- Head of Government - Émile Flach, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1911–1917)
Montenegro –
- Monarch - Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1860–1918)[4]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mitar Martinović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1912–1913)
  2. Janko Vukotić, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1913–1915)
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[5]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Theo Heemskerk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1908–1913)
  2. Pieter Cort van der Linden, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1913–1918)
Norway –
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[5]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jens Bratlie, Prime Minister of Norway (1912–1913)
  2. Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
Portugal –
- President - Manuel de Arriaga, President of Portugal (1911–1915)
- Head of Government -
  1. Duarte Leite, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1912–1913)
  2. Afonso Costa, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1913–1914)
Romania –
- Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1866–1914)
- Premier - Titu Maiorescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1912–1914)
Russian Empire –
- Emperor - Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1894–1917)
- Prime Minister - Vladimir Kokovtsov, Prime Minister of Russia (1911–1914)
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Menetto Bonelli and Vincenzo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1912–1913)
  2. Giuseppe Angeli and Ignazio Grazia, Captains Regent of San Marino (1913)
  3. Cirro Belluzzi and Domenico Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1913–1914)
Serbia –
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)[6]
- Prime Minister - Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1912–1918)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Álvaro de Figueroa, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1912–1913)
  2. Eduardo Dato, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1913–1915)
Sweden –
- Monarch – Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Karl Staaff, Prime Minister of Sweden (1911–1914)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:[7]
  Eduard Müller (1895–1919, President), Ludwig Forrer (1902-1917), Arthur Hoffmann (1911–1917), Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Louis Perrier (1912–1913), Camille Decoppet (1912–1919), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister - H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916)

North America

Canada –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor General - Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
Costa Rica –
- President - Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1910–1914)
Cuba –
- President -
  1. José Miguel Gómez, President of Cuba (1909–1913)
  2. Mario García Menocal, President of Cuba (1913–1921)
Dominican Republic –
- President -
  1. Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1912–1913)
  2. José Bordas Valdez, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1913–1914)
El Salvador –
- President -
  1. Manuel Enrique Araujo, President of El Salvador (1911–1913)
  2. Carlos Meléndez, Provisional President of El Salvador (1913–1914)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti –
- President -
  1. Tancrède Auguste, President of Haiti (1912–1913)
  2. Michel Oreste, President of Haiti (1913–1914)
Honduras –
- President -
  1. Manuel Bonilla, President of Honduras (1912–1913)
  2. Francisco Bertrand, President of Honduras (1913–1919)
Mexico –
- President -
  1. Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (1911–1913)
  2. Pedro Lascuráin, President of Mexico (1913)
  3. Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (1913–1914)
Newfoundland –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor -
  1. Ralph Champneys Williams, Governor of Newfoundland (1909–1913)
  2. Sir Walter Edward Davidson, Governor of Newfoundland (1913–1917)
- Prime Minister - Sir Edward Patrick Morris, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
Nicaragua –
- President - Adolfo Díaz, President of Nicaragua (1911–1917)
Panama –
- President - Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1912–1916)
United States –
- President -
  1. William Howard Taft, President of the United States (1909–1913)
  2. Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913–1921)

Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch – George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron of Denman, Governor-General of Australia (1911–1914)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister of Australia (1910–1913)
  2. Joseph Cook, Prime Minister of Australia (1913–1914)
New Zealand –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor - Arthur Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool, Governor of New Zealand[8] (1912–1920)
- Prime Minister - William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1912–1925)

South America

Argentina –
- President - Roque Sáenz Peña, President of Argentina (1910–1914)
Bolivia –
- President -
  1. Eliodoro Villazón, President of Bolivia (1909–1913)
  2. Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia (1913–1917)
Brazil –
- President - Hermes da Fonseca, President of Brazil (1910–1914)
Chile –
- President - Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (1910–1915)
Colombia –
- President - Carlos Eugenio Restrepo, President of Colombia (1910–1914)
Ecuador –
- President - Leónidas Plaza, President of Ecuador (1912–1916)
Paraguay –
- President - Eduardo Schaerer, President of Paraguay (1912–1916)
Peru –
- President - Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (1912–1914)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Enrique Varela Vidaurre, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1912–1913)
  2. Federico Luna y Peralta, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1913)
  3. Aurelio Sousa Matute, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1913)
  4. Enrique Varela Vidaurre, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1913–1914)
Uruguay –
- President - José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1911–1915)
Venezuela –
- President -
  1. Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1908–1913)
  2. José Gil Fortoul, President of Venezuela (1913–1914)

References

Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.
Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
In exile between 1940 and 1945.
Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor-General of New Zealand after 28 June 1917.

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[1] Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.

[Saud-2] Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.

[3] Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.

[4] Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.

[In_exile_between_1940_and_1945-5] In exile between 1940 and 1945.

[Serbs_1921-6] Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.

[7] The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[8] Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor-General of New Zealand after 28 June 1917.