List of state leaders in 1984
Africa
- Algeria
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1979–1984)
- Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime Minister of Algeria (1984–1988)
- Angola
- Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos, Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Benin
- Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou, Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979–1990)
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)
- Botswana
- President - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burkina Faso
- Upper Volta changed name to Burkina Faso on 4 August 1984
- President - Thomas Sankara, President of Burkina Faso (1983–1987)
- Burundi
- President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976–1987)
- Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister - Luc Ayang, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1983–1984)
- Cape Verde
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Central African Republic
- Head of State - André Kolingba, Chairman of the Military Committee of National Recovery of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
- Chad
- President - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982–1990)
- Comoros
- President - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
- Prime Minister - Ali Mroudjaé, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1982–1984)
- Congo
- Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1975–1984)
- Ange-Édouard Poungui, Prime Minister of Congo (1984–1989)
- Djibouti
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime Minister of Egypt (1982–1984)
- Kamal Hassan Aly, Prime Minister of Egypt (1984–1985)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)
- Ethiopia
- Communist Party Leader - Mengistu Haile Mariam, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (1984–1991)
- Head of State - Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)
- The Gambia
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Head of State - Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea
- President -
- Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
- Louis Lansana Beavogui, Acting President of Guinea (1984)
- Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister -
- Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)
- Diarra Traoré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1984)
- President -
- Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State -
- João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of the Revolution of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984)
- Carmen Pereira, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (1984)
- João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Prime Minister - Victor Saúde Maria, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1982–1984)
- Head of State -
- Ivory Coast
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
- Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
- Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)[1]
- Liberia
- President - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1980–1990)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State -
- Head of Government -
- Madagascar
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister - Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977–1988)
- Malawi
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968–1991)
- Mauritania
- Head of State -
- Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Head of State of Mauritania (1980–1984)
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984)
- Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984)
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984–1992)
- Head of State -
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Governor-General of Mauritius (1983–1985)
- Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Christian Pellerin, Prefect of Mayotte (1983–1984)
- François Bonnelle, Prefect of Mayotte (1984–1986)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976–1991)
- Prefect -
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1983–1986)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1982–1985)
- Mozambique
- Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- President - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- Niger
- Head of State - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)
- Prime Minister - Hamid Algabid, Prime Minister of Niger (1983–1988)
- Nigeria
- Head of State - Muhammadu Buhari, Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1983–1985)
- Rwanda
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
- Governor -
- John Dudley Massingham, Governor of Saint Helena (1981–1984)
- Francis Eustace Baker, Governor of Saint Helena (1984–1988)
- Governor -
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone
- President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1971–1985)
- Somalia
- Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre, Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- South Africa
- President -
- Marais Viljoen, State President of South Africa (1979–1984)
- P. W. Botha, State President of South Africa (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - P. W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1978–1984)
- Bophuthatswana (unrecognized state)
- President - Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana (1968–1994)[2]
- Ciskei (unrecognized state)
- President - Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei (1973–1990)[3]
- Transkei (unrecognized state)
- President - Kaiser Matanzima, President of Transkei (1979–1986)
- Prime Minister - George Matanzima, Prime Minister of Transkei (1979–1987)
- Venda (unrecognized state)
- President - Patrick Mphephu, President of Venda (1969–1988)[4]
- South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
- Administrator-General - Willie van Niekerk, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1983–1985)
- Premier - Jan F. Greebe, Chief Executive Officer of South West Africa (1983–1985)
- President -
- Sudan
- President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
- Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1977–1985)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Queen Ntombi, Regent of Swaziland (1983–1986)
- Prime Minister - Prince Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1983–1986)
- Tanzania
- President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)[5]
- Prime Minister -
- Edward Sokoine, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1983–1984)
- Salim Ahmed Salim, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1984–1985)
- Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Tunisia
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1980–1986)
- Uganda
- President - Milton Obote, President of Uganda (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Otema Alimadi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1980–1985)
- Upper Volta
- see under Burkina Faso
- Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Head of Government - Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1982–1986)
- Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Prime Minister - Nalumino Mundia, Prime Minister of Zambia (1981–1985)
- Zimbabwe
- President - Canaan Banana, President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
- Prime Minister - Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Communist Party Leader - Babrak Karmal, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
- Head of State - Babrak Karmal, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
- Prime Minister - Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981–1988)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[6]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020)[7]
- Bangladesh
- President - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
- Prime Minister - Ataur Rahman Khan, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1984–1986)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei
- gained independence on 1 January 1984
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Burma
- President - San Yu, President of Burma (1981–1988)
- Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988)
- China (People's Republic of China)
- De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping, Paramount leader (late 1970s - early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader - Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1981–1987)[8]
- President - Li Xiannian, President of China (1983–1988)
- Premier - Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the State Council of China (1980–1987)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Edward Youde, Governor of Hong Kong (1982–1986)
- India
- President - Zail Singh, President of India (1982–1987)
- Prime Minister -
- Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1980–1984)
- Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984–1989)
- Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
- President - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
- Iraq
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991)
- Israel
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1983–1984)
- Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel (1984–1986)
- Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister - Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan (1982–1987)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Mudar Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan (1980–1984)
- Ahmad Obeidat, Prime Minister of Jordan (1984–1985)
- Kampuchea
- Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981–1991)
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979–1992)
- Premier - Chan Sy, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1981–1984)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier -
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea (1980–1988)
- Prime Minister - Jin Ui-jong, Prime Minister of South Korea (1983–1985)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[9]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[9]
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
- President - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
- Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)
- Lebanon
- President - Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Governor of Macau (1981–1986)
- Malaysia
- Monarch -
- Sultan Ahmad, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1979–1984)
- Sultan Iskandar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Monarch -
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Premier -
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister - Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (1983–1986)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
- Pakistan
- President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978–1988)
- Head of Government - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan (1977–1985)
- Philippines
- President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
- Prime Minister - Cesar Virata, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1981–1986)
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[10]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President - Devan Nair, President of Singapore (1981–1985)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)[11]
- Sri Lanka
- President - J. R. Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
- Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime Minister of Syria (1980–1987)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of Taiwan (1978–1988)
- Premier -
- Sun Yun-suan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1978–1984)
- Yu Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1984–1989)
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980–1988)
- Turkey
- President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982–1989)
- Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983–1989)
- United Arab Emirates -
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- Head of State - Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1981–1987)
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (1955–1987)[12]
- North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of North Yemen (1978–2012)[13]
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1983–1990)
- South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- Communist Party Leader - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party (1980–1986)
- Head of State - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1980–1986)
- Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
- Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Henri Benoît de Coignac (1982–1984)
- Louis Deblé (1984–1989)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1982–1984)
- Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984–1990)
- Monarchs -
- Austria
- President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
- Chancellor - Fred Sinowatz, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1983–1986)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
- Premier - Grisha Filipov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1981–1986)
- Cyprus
- President - Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mustafa Çağatay, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1978–1985)
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
- President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
- Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
- Finland
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982–1994)
- Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1982–1987)
- France
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister of France (1981–1984)
- Laurent Fabius, Prime Minister of France (1984–1986)
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
- Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
- Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President -
- Karl Carstens, Federal President of West Germany (1979–1984)
- Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of West Germany (1984–1994)[14]
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)[15]
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- Governing Mayor -
- Richard von Weizsäcker, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1981–1984)
- Eberhard Diepgen, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1984–1989)
- Governing Mayor -
- President -
- Greece
- President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
- Premier - György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)
- Iceland
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
- Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1983–1987)
- Ireland
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
- Prime Minister - Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1982–1987)
- Italy
- President - Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978–1985)
- Prime Minister - Bettino Craxi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1983–1987)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1979–1984)
- Jacques Santer, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
- Malta
- President - Agatha Barbara, President of Malta (1982–1987)
- Prime Minister -
- Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)
- Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Prime Minister of Malta (1984–1987)
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Jean Herly, Minister of State of Monaco (1981–1985)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981–1986)
- Svenn Stray, Acting Prime Minister of Norway (1984)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
- Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
- Premier - Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1981–1985)
- Portugal
- President - António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976–1986)
- Prime Minister - Mário Soares, Prime Minister of Portugal (1983–1985)
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
- Premier - Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982–1989)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Renzo Renzi and Germano De Biagi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1983–1984)
- Gloriana Ranocchini and Giorgio Crescentini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1984)
- Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Amici, Captains Regent of San Marino (1984–1985)
- Captains Regent -
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Premier - Nikolai Tikhonov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1980–1985)
- Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1982–1986)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[16]
- Kurt Furgler (1971–1986), Pierre Aubert (1978–1987), Leon Schlumpf (1979–1987, President), Alphons Egli (1982–1986), Rudolf Friedrich (1982–1984), Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989)
- Federal Council:[16]
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Le Cheminant, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1980–1985)
- Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Whiteley, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1979–1985)
- Bailiff - Sir Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir Nigel Cecil, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1980–1985)
- Head of Government - Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1981–1985)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir David Williams, Governor of Gibraltar (1982–1985)
- Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate -
- Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1979–1984)
- Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1984–1990)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Mika Špiljak, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1983–1984)
- Veselin Đuranović, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1984–1985)
- Premier - Milka Planinc, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1982–1986)
North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Alastair Turner Baillie, Governor of Anguilla (1983–1987)
- Chief Minister -
- Ronald Webster, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1980–1984)
- Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984–1994)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)[17]
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)[18]
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
- Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[19]
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Deighton Lisle Ward, Governor-General of Barbados (1976–1984)
- Sir William Randolph Douglas, Acting Governor-General of Barbados (1984)
- Sir Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister - Tom Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (1976–1985)
- Belize
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1961–1984)[20]
- Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil, Governor of Bermuda (1983–1988)
- Premier - John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Robert Barwick, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1982–1986)
- Chief Minister - Cyril Romney, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1983–1986)
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General -
- Edward Schreyer, Governor General of Canada (1979–1984)
- Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General of Canada (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1980–1984)
- John Turner, Prime Minister of Canada (1984)
- Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - George Peter Lloyd, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1982–1987)
- Costa Rica
- President - Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (1982–1986)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President - Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Salvador Jorge Blanco, President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986)
- El Salvador
- President -
- Álvaro Magaña, President of El Salvador (1982–1984)
- José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984–1989)
- President -
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Nicholas Brathwaite, Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council of Grenada (1983–1984)
- Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984–1989)
- Guatemala
- Head of State - Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores, Chief of State of Guatemala (1983–1986)
- Haiti
- President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)
- Honduras
- President - Roberto Suazo Córdova, President of Honduras (1982–1986)
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
- Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980–1989)
- Mexico
- President - Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico (1982–1988)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Kenneth Hay Dale, Governor of Montserrat (1980–1984)
- Chief Minister - John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1978–1991)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - René Römer, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1983–1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Nicaragua
- Head of State - Junta of National Reconstruction, Head of State of Nicaragua (1979–1985)
- Panama
- De facto leader - Manuel Noriega, Commandant of the Panamanian Defense Forces (1983–1989)
- President -
- Ricardo de la Espriella, President of Panama (1982–1984)
- Jorge Illueca, President of Panama (1984)
- Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino, President of Panama (1984–1985)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)[21]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)[22]
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1982–1987)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Gérard Lefèvre, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1983–1985)
- President of the General Council -
- Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)
- Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Sydney Gun-Munro, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1976–1985)[23]
- Prime Minister -
- Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)[24]
- James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President - Sir Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)[25]
- Prime Minister - George Chambers, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1981–1986)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Christopher J. Turner, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1982–1987)
- Chief Minister - Norman Saunders, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985)
- United States of America
- President - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981–1989)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Carlos Romero Barceló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1977–1985)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Juan Francisco Luis, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1978–1987)
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1978–1985)
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982–1989)
- Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983–1991)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Tom F. Paterson, Administrator of Christmas Island (1983-1986)
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - K. Chan, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1983-1985)
- Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Raymond Edward Trebilco, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1982–1985)
- Chief Minister - David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1979–1986)
- Fiji
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
- Governor General - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, Governor-General of Fiji (1983–1987)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)[26]
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Alain Ohrel, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1983–1985)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1984–1987)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Ricardo Bordallo, Governor of Guam (1983–1987)
- Kiribati
- President - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
- Nauru
- President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1978–1986)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Jacques Roynette, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1982–1984)
- President of the Government - Dick Ukeiwé, President of the Executive Council of New Caledonia (1984–1988)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir David Beattie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister -
- Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975–1984)
- David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984–1989)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative -
- Sir Gaven Donne, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1975–1984)
- Sir Graham Davies Speight, Acting Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1984)
- Tangaroa Tangaroa, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister - Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1983–1987)
- Queen's Representative -
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier - Sir Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator -
- Frank Corner, Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)
- Tim Francis, Administrator of Tokelau (1984–1988)
- Administrator -
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983–1989)
- Prime Minister - Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1982–1985)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Sir Richard Stratton, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1980–1984)
- Terence Daniel O'Leary, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1984–1987)
- Magistrate -
- Ivan Christian, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)
- Brian Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1984–1991)
- Governor -
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1981–1984)
- Peter Kenilorea, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1984–1986)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[27]
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)[27]
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)
- High Commissioner - Janet J. McCoy, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1981–1987)
- Northern Mariana Islands (autonomous territory)
- Governor - Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1982–1990)
- Marshall Islands (autonomous territory)
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
- Micronesia (autonomous territory)
- President - Tosiwo Nakayama, President of Micronesia (1979–1987)
- Palau (autonomous territory)
- President - Haruo Remeliik, President of Palau (1981–1985)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978–1986)
- Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981–1989)
- Vanuatu
- President -
- Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1980–1984)
- Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, Acting President of Vanuatu (1984)
- Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)[28]
- President -
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Michel Kuhnmunch, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1984–1985)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Manuele Lisiahi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1978–1984)
- Falakiko Gata, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1984–1986)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1982–1985)
South America
- Argentina
- President - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983–1989)
- Bolivia
- President - Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1982–1985)
- Brazil -
- President - João Figueiredo, President of Brazil (1979–1985)
- Chile
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973–1990)
- Colombia
- President - Belisario Betancur, President of Colombia (1982–1986)
- Ecuador
- President -
- Osvaldo Hurtado, President of Ecuador (1981–1984)
- León Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (1984–1988)
- President -
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Rex Hunt, Civil Commissioner of the Falkland Islands (1982–1985)
- Chief Executive - David G. P. Taylor, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1983–1987)
- Guyana
- President - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister -
- Ptolemy Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana (1980–1984)
- Desmond Hoyte, Prime Minister of Guyana (1984–1985)
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- President - Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1980–1985)
- Prime Minister
- Fernando Schwalb López Aldana, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1982–1984)
- Sandro Mariátegui Chiappe, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1984)
- Luis Pércovich, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1984–1985)
- Suriname
- De facto leader - Dési Bouterse, Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1988)
- President - Fred Ramdat Misier, Acting President of Suriname (1982–1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Errol Alibux, Prime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984)
- Wim Udenhout, Prime Minister of Suriname (1984–1986)
- Uruguay
- President - Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, President of Uruguay (1981–1985)
- Venezuela
- President -
- Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (1979–1984)
- Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984–1989)
- President -
References
- Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
- Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
- Ciskei was only declared to be independent in 1981, before independence Lennox Sebe was titled Chief Minister.
- Venda was only declared to be independent in 1979.
- Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- Hu Yaobang was Chairman of the Communist Party of China 1981-1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1980-1987, but the latter post only became the top position of the party on 12 September 1982.
- In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- Singapore only became independent in 1965.
- Prime minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
- Ali Abdullah Saleh became President of Yemen upon unification in 1990.
- Richard von Weizsäcker was President of unified Germany from 1990.
- Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of unified Germany from 1990.
- The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
- Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
- Belize only became independent in 1981.
- Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979, until them Sir Sydney Gun-Munro was titled Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979.
- Ellis Clarke was titled Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago between 1972 and 1976 under the monarchy.
- Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
- Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.
External links
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