List of state leaders in 1928

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1928.

Africa

• Egypt
  • Monarch - Fuad I, King of Egypt (1917–1936)[1]
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abdel Khaliq Sarwat Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1927–1928)
    2. Mustafa el-Nahhas, Prime Minister of Egypt (1928)
    3. Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1928–1929)
•  Ethiopia
  • Monarch - Zewditu, Empress of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
  • Regent - Negus Tafari Makonnen, Regent of Ethiopia (1916–1930)[2]
  • Chief Minister - Negus Tafari Makonnen, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1927–1936)[3]
•  Liberia
  • President - Charles D. B. King, President of Liberia (1920–1930)
•  South Africa
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor-General of South Africa (1924–1931)
  • Prime Minister - J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime Minister of South Africa (1924–1939)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Monarch - Amanullah Khan, King of Afghanistan (1919–1929)
  • Prime Minister - Sardar Shir Ahmad, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1927–1929)
• Asir
  • Monarch - Sayyid al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Idrisi al-Hasani, Emir of Asir (1926–1930)
• China
  • Beiyang Government
    • reunited with the rest of China on 29 December 1928
    • Head of State - Zhang Zuolin, Generalissimo of the Military Government of China (1927–1928)
    • Premier - Pan Fu, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1927–1928)
  •  Nationalist Government
    • Head of State -
      1. Tan Yankai, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Nationalist Government of China (1927–1928)
      2. Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the Nationalist Government of China (1928–1931)
    • Premier - Tan Yankai, President of Executive Yuan of China (1928–1930)
  • Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
    • Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
•  Japan
  • Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Baron Tanaka Giichi, Prime Minister of Japan (1927–1929)
• Mongolia
  • Communist Party Leadership -
    1. Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1924–1928)
    2. Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (1928–1930) + Peljidiin Genden (1928–1932) + Ölziin Badrakh (1928–1932), Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
  • Head of State - Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1927–1929)
  • Premier -
    1. Balingiin Tserendorj, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1923–1928)
    2. Anandyn Amar, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1928–1930)
• Muscat and Oman
  • Monarch - Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
• Nejd and Hejaz
  • Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Nejd and Hejaz (1902–1953)[4]
• Nepal
  • Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
  • Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
• Persia
  • Monarch - Reza Shah, Shah of Persia (1925–1941)
  • Prime Minister - Mehdi Qoli Hedayat, Prime Minister of Persia (1927–1933)
• Rajpipla State - Vijaysinhji (1915-1948)
•  Siam
  • Monarch - Prajadhipok, King of Siam (1925–1935)
•  Turkey
  • President - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey (1923–1938)
  • Prime Minister - İsmet İnönü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1925–1937)
  • Ararat (secessionist state)
    • President - Ibrahim Heski, President of Ararat (1927–1930)
• Tuva
  • Communist Party Leader - Sodnam Balchir Ambyn-noyon, First Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1927–1929)
  • Head of State - Nimachyan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1924–1929)
  • Premier - Donduk Kuular, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1925–1929)
• Yemen
  • Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)[5]

Oceania

•  Australia
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - John Baird, Baron Stonehaven, Governor-General of Australia (1925–1931)
  • Prime Minister - Stanley Bruce, Prime Minister of Australia (1923–1929)
• New Zealand
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Sir Charles Fergusson, Governor-General of New Zealand (1924–1930)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gordon Coates, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1925–1928)
    2. Joseph Ward, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1928–1930)

Europe

• Albania
  • the Albanian Republic was superseded by the Albanian Kingdom on 1 September 1928
  • President - Ahmet Zogu, President of Albania (1925–1928)
  • Monarch - Zog I, King of the Albanians (1928–1939)
  • Prime Minister - Kostaq Kota, Prime Minister of Albania (1928–1930)
•  Andorra
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - Gaston Doumergue, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1924–1931)
      • Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
      • Co-Prince's Representative - Joseph de Riba (1915–1933)
  • First Syndic - Roc Pallares, First Syndic of Andorra (1928–1933)
• Austria
  • President -
    1. Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria (1920–1928)
    2. Wilhelm Miklas, Federal President of Austria (1928–1938)
  • Chancellor - Ignaz Seipel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1926–1929)
•  Belgium
  • Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
  • Prime Minister - Henri Jaspar, Prime Minister of Belgium (1926–1931)
•  Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
  • Premier - Andrey Lyapchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1926–1931)
• Czechoslovakia
  • President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
  • Prime Minister - Antonín Švehla, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1926–1929)
•  Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)
  • High Commissioner - Joost Adriaan van Hamel, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1925–1929)
  • Head of State - Heinrich Sahm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1920–1931)
•  Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
  • Prime Minister - Thomas Madsen-Mygdal, Prime Minister of Denmark (1926–1929)
•  Estonia
  • Head of State -
    1. Jaan Tõnisson, State Elder of Estonia (1927–1928)
    2. August Rei, State Elder of Estonia (1928–1929)
•  Finland
  • President - Lauri Kristian Relander, President of Finland (1925–1931)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Juho Sunila, Prime Minister of Finland (1927–1928)
    2. Oskari Mantere, Prime Minister of Finland (1928–1929)
• France
  • President - Gaston Doumergue, President of France (1924–1931)
  • Prime Minister - Raymond Poincaré, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1926–1929)
•  Germany
  • President - Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany (1925–1934)
  • Chancellor -
    1. Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (1926–1928)
    2. Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (1928–1930)
• Greece
  • President - Pavlos Kountouriotis, President of Greece (1926–1929)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (1926–1928)
    2. Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1928–1932)
• Holy See
  • Monarch - Pope Pius XI, Pope (1922–1939)
  • Secretary of State - Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal Secretary of State (1914–1930)
• Hungary
  • Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
  • Prime Minister - Count István Bethlen, Prime Minister of Hungary (1921–1931)
• Iceland
  • Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
  • Prime Minister - Tryggvi Þórhallsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1927–1932)
•  Ireland
  • Monarch - George V, King of Ireland (1922–1936)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Tim Healy, Governor-General of Ireland (1922–1928)
    2. James McNeill, Governor-General of Ireland (1928–1932)
  • Head of Government - W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council of Ireland (1922–1932)
•  Italy
  • Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
  • Prime Minister - Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)
•  Latvia
  • President - Gustavs Zemgals, President of Latvia (1927–1930)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Marģers Skujenieks, Prime Minister of Latvia (1926–1928)
    2. Pēteris Juraševskis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1928)
    3. Hugo Celmiņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (1928–1931)
•  Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Gustav Schädler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1922–1928)
    2. Prince Alfred, Provisional Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928)
    3. Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)
• Lithuania
  • President - Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (1926–1940)
  • Prime Minister - Augustinas Voldemaras, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1926–1929)
•  Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)[6]
  • Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1926–1937)
•  Monaco
  • Monarch - Louis II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government - Maurice Piette, Minister of State of Monaco (1923–1932)
•  Netherlands
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[7]
  • Prime Minister - Dirk Jan de Geer, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1926–1929)
•  Norway
  • Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[8]
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ivar Lykke, Prime Minister of Norway (1926–1928)
    2. Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (1928)
    3. Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, Prime Minister of Norway (1928–1931)
• Poland
  • President - Ignacy Mościcki, President of Poland (1926–1939)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Józef Piłsudski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1926–1928)
    2. Kazimierz Bartel, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1928–1929)
• Portugal
  • President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
  • Premier -
    1. Óscar Carmona, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1926–1928)
    2. José Vicente de Freitas, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1928–1929)
•  Romania
  • Monarch - Michael I, King of the Romanians (1927–1930)
  • Regents - Prince Nicholas (1927–1930) + Patriarch Miron Cristea (1927–1930) + Gheorghe Buzdugan (1927–1929)
  • Premier -
    1. Vintilă Brătianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1927–1928)
    2. Iuliu Maniu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1928–1930)
•  San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Marino Rossi and Nelson Burgagni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1927–1928)
    2. Domenico Suzzi Valli and Francesco Pasquali, Captains Regent of San Marino (1928)
    3. Francesco Morri and Melchiorre Filippi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1928–1929)
•  Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
  • Monarch - Alexander I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1934)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Velimir Vukićević, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1927–1928)
    2. Anton Korošec, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1928–1929)
•  Soviet Union
  • Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
  • Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union (1919–1946)[9]
  • Premier - Alexei Rykov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1924–1930)
• Spain
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
  • Prime Minister - Miguel Primo de Rivera, Marquis of Estella, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1923–1930)
•  Sweden
  • Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Carl Gustaf Ekman, Prime Minister of Sweden (1926–1928)
    2. Arvid Lindman, Prime Minister of Sweden (1928–1930)
•   Switzerland
  • Federal Council:[10]

    Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935, President), Robert Haab (1917–1929), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934), Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944)

•  United Kingdom
  • Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
  • Prime Minister - Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1924–1929)

North America

•  Canada
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor General - Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Viscount Willingdon, Governor General of Canada (1926–1931)
  • Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1926–1930)
•  Costa Rica
  • President -
    1. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1924–1928)
    2. Cleto González Víquez, President of Costa Rica (1928–1932)
• Cuba
  • President - Gerardo Machado, President of Cuba (1925–1933)
•  Dominican Republic
  • President - Horacio Vásquez, President of the Dominican Republic (1924–1930)
•  El Salvador
  • President - Pío Romero Bosque, President of El Salvador (1927–1931)
•  Guatemala
  • President - Lázaro Chacón González, President of Guatemala (1926–1931)
•  Haiti (under US occupation)
  • High Commissioner - John H. Russell, Jr., High Commissioner to Haiti (1919–1930)
  • President - Louis Borno, President of Haiti (1922–1930)
•  Honduras
  • President - Miguel Paz Barahona, President of Honduras (1925–1929)
•  Mexico
  • President -
    1. Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (1924–1928)
    2. Emilio Portes Gil, President of Mexico (1928–1930)
•  Newfoundland
  • Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
  • Governor -
    1. Sir William Allardyce, Governor of Newfoundland (1922–1928)
    2. Sir John Middleton, Governor of Newfoundland (1928–1932)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Walter Stanley Monroe, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1924–1928)
    2. Frederick C. Alderdice, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1928)
    3. Sir Richard Squires, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1928–1932)
•  Nicaragua
  • President - Adolfo Díaz, President of Nicaragua (1926–1929)
•  Panama
  • President -
    1. Rodolfo Chiari, President of Panama (1924–1928)
    2. Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, President of Panama (1928–1931)
•  United States
  • President - Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States (1923–1929)

South America

•  Argentina
  • President -
    1. Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President of Argentina (1922–1928)
    2. Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (1928–1930)
•  Bolivia
  • President - Hernando Siles Reyes, President of Bolivia (1926–1930)
• Brazil
  • President - Washington Luís, President of Brazil (1926–1930)
• Chile
  • President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1927–1931)
•  Colombia
  • President - Miguel Abadía Méndez, President of Colombia (1926–1930)
•  Ecuador
  • President - Isidro Ayora, President of Ecuador (1926–1931)
•  Paraguay
  • President -
    1. Eligio Ayala, President of Paraguay (1924–1928)
    2. José Patricio Guggiari, President of Paraguay (1928–1932)
•  Peru
  • President - Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1919–1930)
  • Prime Minister - Pedro José Rada y Gamio, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1926–1929)
•  Uruguay
  • President - Juan Campisteguy, President of Uruguay (1927–1931)
• Venezuela
  • President - Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1922–1929)

References

1. Egypt only became independent in 1922.
2. Title changed from 'Ras' to 'Negus' on 7 October 1928.
3. Title changed from 'Ras' to 'Negus' on 7 October 1928.
4. Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
5. Yemen only became independent in 1918.
6. In exile between 1940 and 1945.
7. In exile between 1940 and 1945.
8. In exile between 1940 and 1945.
9. Kalinin was head of state of Russia (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1946.
10. The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links