List of state leaders in 1905

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1905.

Africa

Congo Free State –
- Monarch - Leopold II of Belgium, Sovereign of the Congo Free State (1885–1908)
Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
Liberia –
- President - Arthur Barclay, President of Liberia (1904–1912)
Morocco –
- Monarch - Abdelaziz, Sultan of Morocco (1894–1908)
Wadai Empire –
- Monarch - Dud Murra, Kolak of Wadai (1901–1909)

Asia

Afghanistan –
- Monarch - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Bhutan –
- Leader - Choley Yeshe Ngodub, Druk Desi of Bhutan (1903–1905)
Bukhara –
- Monarch - 'Abd al-Ahad Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1885–1911)
China –
- Emperor - Guangxu Emperor, Emperor of China (1875–1908)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch -
  1. Awn ar-Rafiq, Sharif of Mecca (1882–1905)
  2. Ali Pasha ibn Abd Allah, Sharif of Mecca (1905–1908)
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch - Abd al-Aziz ibn Mutib, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1897–1906)
Japan –
- Monarch - Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Katsura Tarō, Prime Minister of Japan (1901–1906)
Khiva –
- Monarch - Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II, Khan of Khiva (1864–1910)
Korean Empire –
- Monarch - Gojong, Emperor of Korea (1897–1907)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Han Kyu-seol, Prime Minister of Korea (1905)
  2. Pak Chesoon, Prime Minister of Korea (1905–1907)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1888–1913)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)[1]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Prithvi, King of Nepal (1881–1911)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch - Abdul Hamid II, Emperor of the Ottomans (1876–1909)
- Head of Government - Mehmed Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1903–1908)
Persia –
- Monarch - Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1896–1907)
- Premier - Abdol Majid Mirza, Premier of Persia (1904–1906)
Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
Siam –
- Monarch - Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868–1910)
Tagalog Republic (unrecognized state) –
- President - Macario Sakay, President of the Tagalog Republic (1902–1906)

Europe

Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Émile Loubet, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1899–1906)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1902–1906)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Pallerola i Gabriel (1886–1915)
- First Syndic - Bonaventura Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1902–1905)
Austria-Hungary –
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria) - Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Minister-President of Austria (1904–1906)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary) -
    1. István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary (1903–1905)
    2. Géza Fejérváry, Prime Minister of Hungary (1905–1906)
Belgium –
- Monarch - Leopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Prime Minister - Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1899–1907)
Crete –
- Commissioner - Prince George of Greece and Denmark, High Commissioner of Crete (1898–1906)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Johan Henrik Deuntzer, Council President of Denmark (1901–1905)
  2. Jens Christian Christensen, Council President of Denmark (1905–1908)
France –
- President - Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Émile Combes, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1902–1905)
  2. Maurice Rouvier, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1905–1906)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Head of Government - Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of Germany (1900–1909)
Greece –
- Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece (1904–1905)
  2. Dimitrios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1905)
  3. Georgios Theotokis, Prime Minister of Greece (1905–1909)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giovanni Giolitti, Prime Minister of Italy (1903–1905)
  2. Tommaso Tittoni, Prime Minister of Italy (1905)
  3. Alessandro Fortis, Prime Minister of Italy (1905–1906)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch -
  1. Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)
  2. William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1905–1912)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
Montenegro –
- Monarch - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860–1918)[2]
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[3]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abraham Kuyper, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1901–1905)
  2. Theo de Meester, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1905–1908)
Norway –
- in personal union with Sweden until 26 October 1905
- Monarch -
  1. Oscar II, King of Norway (1872–1905)
  2. Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[3]
- Prime Minister - Christian Michelsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1905–1907)
Portugal –
- Monarch - Carlos I, King of Portugal (1889–1908)
- Head of Government - José Luciano de Castro, Prime Minister of Portugal (1904–1906)
Romania –
- Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1866–1914)
- Premier - Dimitrie Sturdza, Prime Minister of Romania (1901–1906)
Russian Empire –
- Emperor - Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1894–1917)
- Prime Minister - Sergei Witte, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1903–1906)[4]
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Luigi Tonnini and Gustavo Babboni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1904–1905)
  2. Antonio Bellucci and Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1905)
  3. Onofrio Fattori and Piermatteo Carattoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1905–1906)
Serbia –
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)[5]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1904–1905)
  2. Ljubomir Stojanović, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1905–1906)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1904–1905)
  2. Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1905)
  3. Eugenio Montero Ríos, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1905)
  4. Segismundo Moret, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1905–1906)
Sweden –
- in personal union with Norway until 26 October 1905
- Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Erik Gustaf Boström, Prime Minister of Sweden (1902–1905)
  2. Johan Ramstedt, Prime Minister of Sweden (1905)
  3. Christian Lundeberg, Prime Minister of Sweden (1905)
  4. Karl Staaff, Prime Minister of Sweden (1905–1906)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:[6]
  Adolf Deucher (1883–1912), Josef Zemp (1891–1908), Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Ernst Brenner (1897–1911), Robert Comtesse (1899–1912), Marc-Émile Ruchet (1899–1912, President), Ludwig Forrer (1902-1917)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1902–1905)
  2. Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1905–1908)

North America

Canada –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor General - Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada (1904–1911)
- Prime Minister - Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896–1911)
Costa Rica –
- President - Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, President of Costa Rica (1902–1906)
Cuba –
- President - Tomás Estrada Palma, President of Cuba (1902–1906)
Dominican Republic –
- President -
  1. Carlos Morales Languasco, President of the Dominican Republic (1903–1905)
  2. Ramón Cáceres, President of the Dominican Republic (1905–1911)
El Salvador –
- President - Pedro José Escalón, President of El Salvador (1903–1907)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti –
- President - Pierre Nord Alexis, President of Haiti (1902–1908)
Honduras –
- President - Manuel Bonilla, President of Honduras (1903–1907)
Mexico –
- President - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
Nicaragua –
- President - José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua (1893–1909)
Panama –
- President - Manuel Amador Guerrero, President of Panama (1904–1908)
United States –
- President - Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States (1901–1909)

Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor-General - Henry Northcote, Governor-General of Australia (1904–1908)
- Prime Minister -
  1. George Reid, Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905)
  2. Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister of Australia (1905–1908)

South America

Argentina –
- President - Manuel Quintana, President of Argentina (1904–1906)
Bolivia –
- President - Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia (1904–1909)
Brazil –
- President - Rodrigues Alves, President of Brazil (1902–1906)
Chile –
- President - Germán Riesco, President of Chile (1901–1906)
Colombia –
- President - Rafael Reyes, President of Colombia (1904–1909)
Ecuador –
- President -
  1. Leónidas Plaza, President of Ecuador (1901–1905)
  2. Lizardo García, President of Ecuador (1905–1906)
Paraguay –
- President -
  1. Juan Bautista Gaona, Provisional President of Paraguay (1904–1905)
  2. Cecilio Báez, President of Paraguay (1905–1906)
Peru –
- President - José Pardo y Barreda, President of Peru (1904–1908)
Uruguay –
- President - José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1903–1907)
Venezuela –
- President - Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)

References

Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
In exile between 1940 and 1945.
Prime Minister of Russia 1905-1906
Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

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[Saud-1] Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.

[2] Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.

[In_exile_between_1940_and_1945-3] In exile between 1940 and 1945.

[4] Prime Minister of Russia 1905-1906

[Serbs_1921-5] Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.

[6] The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.