NFKB2

Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene.[5]

NFKB2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1A3Q, 2D96, 3DO7, 4OT9
Identifiers
Aliases	NFKB2, CVID10, H2TF1, LYT-10, LYT10, NF-kB2, p105, p52, p100, p49/p100, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2
External IDs	OMIM: 164012 MGI: 1099800 HomoloGene: 1873 GeneCards: NFKB2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human)[1] Band 10q24.32 Start 102,394,110 bp[1] End 102,402,524 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 19 (mouse)[2] Band 19 C3|19 38.8 cM Start 46,304,320 bp[2] End 46,312,385 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • GO:0001105 transcription coactivator activity • GO:0001077, GO:0001212, GO:0001213, GO:0001211, GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • chromatin binding • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component • cytoplasm • Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex • cell nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytosol Biological process • response to cytokine • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • rhythmic process • germinal center formation • aging • extracellular matrix organization • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • spleen development • transcription, DNA-templated • follicular dendritic cell differentiation • response to lipopolysaccharide • NIK/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity • inflammatory response • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of type I interferon production • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • signal transduction • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • innate immune system Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4791	18034
Ensembl	ENSG00000077150	ENSMUSG00000025225
UniProt	Q00653	Q9WTK5
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001077494 NM_001261403 NM_001288724 NM_002502 NM_001322934 NM_001322935	NM_001177369 NM_001177370 NM_019408
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001070962 NP_001248332 NP_001275653 NP_001309863 NP_001309864 NP_002493	NP_001170840 NP_001170841 NP_062281
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 102.39 – 102.4 Mb	Chr 19: 46.3 – 46.31 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

NF-κB has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NF-κB is activated by a wide variety of stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-kappa-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-kappa-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth. For reviews, see Chen et al. (1999) and Baldwin (1996).[supplied by OMIM][6]

Clinical significance

Mutation of the NFKB2 gene has been linked to Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) as the cause of the disease. Other genes might also be responsible. The frequency of NFKB2 mutation in CVID population is yet to be established.[7]

The protein NFKB2 can become mutated and lead to hereditary endocrine and immuneodeficiences.[8] The mutation occurs at the C-terminus of NFKB2 and it causes common variable immunodeficienciency which in turn causes endocrine deficiency and immunodeficiencies.[8] A NFKB2 mutation can cause things like adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and DAVID syndrome which is a pituitary hormone deficiency and CVID.[8][9]

The mutations that occur within the C-terminus affect the serine 866 and 870.[9] These serines are considered phosphorylation sites for NFKB2.[9] These mutations at the serine's in the C-terminus lead to CVID in combination with other endocrine deficiencies. These endocrine deficiencies along with the mutation of NFKB2, lead scientists to believe that mutation of NFKB2 is a rare hereditary disease called DAVID's disease.[8]

Interactions

NFKB2 has been shown to interact with:

• BCL3,[10][11]
• BTRC,[12][13]
• MAP3K8,[14]
• NFKB1,[14]
• NFKBIE,[15]
• RELA,[14][16]
• RELB,[10][14]
• REL,[14][16] and
• TSC22D3.[17]

See also

• NF-κB

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000077150 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025225 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Schmid RM, Perkins ND, Duckett CS, Andrews PC, Nabel GJ (Aug 1991). "Cloning of an NF-kappa B subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65" (PDF). Nature. 352 (6337): 733–6. doi:10.1038/352733a0. hdl:2027.42/62829. PMID 1876189. S2CID 4237376.
6. "Entrez Gene: NFKB2 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)".
7. Chen K, Coonrod EM, Kumánovics A, Franks ZF, Durtschi JD, Margraf RL, Wu W, Heikal NM, Augustine NH, Ridge PG, Hill HR, Jorde LB, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA, Gundlapalli AV, Bohnsack JF, Voelkerding KV (Nov 2013). "Germline mutations in NFKB2 implicate the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (5): 812–24. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.009. PMC 3824125. PMID 24140114.
8. Brue T, Quentien MH, Khetchoumian K, Bensa M, Capo-Chichi JM, Delemer B, Balsalobre A, Nassif C, Papadimitriou DT, Pagnier A, Hasselmann C, Patry L, Schwartzentruber J, Souchon PF, Takayasu S, Enjalbert A, Van Vliet G, Majewski J, Drouin J, Samuels ME (December 2014). "Mutations in NFKB2 and potential genetic heterogeneity in patients with DAVID syndrome, having variable endocrine and immune deficiencies". BMC Medical Genetics. 15: 139. doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0139-9. PMC 4411703. PMID 25524009.
9. Shi C, Wang F, Tong A, Zhang XQ, Song HM, Liu ZY, Lyu W, Liu YH, Xia WB (October 2016). "NFKB2 mutation in common variable immunodeficiency and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: A case report and review of literature". Medicine. 95 (40): e5081. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000005081. PMC 5059085. PMID 27749582.
10. Thornburg NJ, Pathmanathan R, Raab-Traub N (Dec 2003). "Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p50 homodimer/Bcl-3 complexes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Cancer Research. 63 (23): 8293–301. PMID 14678988.
11. Bours V, Franzoso G, Azarenko V, Park S, Kanno T, Brown K, Siebenlist U (Mar 1993). "The oncoprotein Bcl-3 directly transactivates through kappa B motifs via association with DNA-binding p50B homodimers". Cell. 72 (5): 729–39. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90401-b. PMID 8453667.
12. Fong A, Sun SC (Jun 2002). "Genetic evidence for the essential role of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein in the inducible processing of NF-kappa B2/p100". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 22111–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200151200. PMID 11994270.
13. Vatsyayan J, Qing G, Xiao G, Hu J (Sep 2008). "SUMO1 modification of NF-kappaB2/p100 is essential for stimuli-induced p100 phosphorylation and processing". EMBO Reports. 9 (9): 885–90. doi:10.1038/embor.2008.122. PMC 2529344. PMID 18617892.
14. Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G (Feb 2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986.
15. Li Z, Nabel GJ (Oct 1997). "A new member of the I kappaB protein family, I kappaB epsilon, inhibits RelA (p65)-mediated NF-kappaB transcription". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 17 (10): 6184–90. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.10.6184. PMC 232469. PMID 9315679.
16. Scheinman RI, Beg AA, Baldwin AS (Oct 1993). "NF-kappa B p100 (Lyt-10) is a component of H2TF1 and can function as an I kappa B-like molecule". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 13 (10): 6089–101. doi:10.1128/mcb.13.10.6089. PMC 364669. PMID 8413211.
17. Ayroldi E, Migliorati G, Bruscoli S, Marchetti C, Zollo O, Cannarile L, D'Adamio F, Riccardi C (Aug 2001). "Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB". Blood. 98 (3): 743–53. doi:10.1182/blood.v98.3.743. PMID 11468175.

Further reading

• Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA (1993). "Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review)". Free Radical Research Communications. 17 (4): 221–37. doi:10.3109/10715769209079515. PMID 1473734.
• Baldwin AS (1996). "The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights". Annual Review of Immunology. 14 (1): 649–83. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.649. PMID 8717528.
• Chen F, Castranova V, Shi X, Demers LM (Jan 1999). "New insights into the role of nuclear factor-kappaB, a ubiquitous transcription factor in the initiation of diseases". Clinical Chemistry. 45 (1): 7–17. doi:10.1093/clinchem/45.1.7. PMID 9895331.
• Bottex-Gauthier C, Pollet S, Favier A, Vidal DR (Apr 2002). "[The Rel/NF-kappa-B transcription factors: complex role in cell regulation]". Pathologie-Biologie. 50 (3): 204–11. doi:10.1016/s0369-8114(02)00289-4. PMID 11980335.
• Garg A, Aggarwal BB (Jun 2002). "Nuclear transcription factor-kappaB as a target for cancer drug development". Leukemia. 16 (6): 1053–68. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402482. PMID 12040437.

External links

• NFKB2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q00653 (Human Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) at the PDBe-KB.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9WTK5 (Mouse Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) at the PDBe-KB.